An autonomous car is a vehicle that can sense its environment and navigate without human input using sensors like radar, laser light, GPS, and odometry. Autonomous cars are classified on a scale of 0 to 5 based on the degree of human intervention required, with level 5 being fully autonomous. Early autonomous car experiments date back to the 1950s and 1960s, but the first promising trial was in 1977 in Japan. Technology has advanced, with vehicles now able to avoid obstacles at 30 kmph and some models offering level 3 partial autonomy at highway speeds. A key challenge for autonomous vehicles will be meeting higher passenger comfort standards without distractions from driving.

2. INTRODUCTION
An Autonomous car (driverless car or sel drive car) is a vehicle that is capable of sensing its environment and navigating
without human interface.
Autonomous cars use various techniques to navigate
Radar, Laser Light, GPS, Odometry, sensory information to identify the appropriate the navigation.
 Level 0 - Automated system will issue warning but no intervene vehicle control.
 Level 1 (Hands on) - Driver and Automated system share control
Ex: Adaptive Cruise Control.
 Level 2 : (Hands Off) : Automated system takes full control ( Accelerator,
Brake and Steering ) but driver can intervene.
 Level 3 (Eyes Off) : Fully Controlled by Automoated system with small
Intervention of Driver.
 Level 4 (Mind off ) : Fully Controlled by automoated no need of any
Human Interface. limited to some geofenced area.
 Level 5 (Steering wheel Optional) - Fully autonomous
Major Advantages of Autonomous cars
 Reduced Accidents due to controlled navigation.
 increased comort due to self driving.
 reduced driving labour.

3. DEVELOPMENT
GM - Firebird II (1950) Citreon DS19 (1960)
“electronic brain”
lane descipline tech
using metal conductor
The first promising trail took place in 1977 by Tsukuba Mechanical Engineering Lab, Japan. The autonomous car was
able follow the white track o road (similar what Automated Guided Vehicles in Factory now a days)
Modified for
automatic drive
ALV has Demonstrated
Obstacle avoidance technology
with 30 Kmph (1984)
Audi A8 stated autonomous at 60
kmph with AUDI AI (2017)
LEVEL 3 Autonomous car
waymo announced 1.3 crore Km
testing autnomous car (2018)
make miles
between
disengagem
ents
miles
Google 5127 635868
BMW 638 638
Nissan 263 6056
Ford 196 590
Mercedes
Benz
2 673

4. What is the key challenge for NVH?
Autonomous drive is being seen as the next revolution in personal mobility.
The tie-up of an OEM with mobility provoders (Uber) has raised sense achiving competative
advantages.
autonomous drive change the way the driver and passenger percieve the interior of a car.
The requirements for passenger comfort will be even more demading than they are today
because the passenger no longer need to have attention to the traffic.
 Main Requirements are higher Speech Intelligibility due to increased communication.
 Due Electric Powertrain introduction more importance shall be given for Road and Wind
noise area.
 Further interior ancillaries Squeak and Rattle will be focussed.