automatic water level controlling using gsm system
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This document provides information about a water level controller project using a GSM module. It senses the water level using sensors connected to a microcontroller. If the level is low/high, the microcontroller signals the motor to turn on/off via a motor driver. Simultaneously, the GSM module sends a message to the user about the motor status and water level. The hardware components include an AT89S52 microcontroller, LCD, motor, sensors, GSM modem, and power supply. It is designed to reduce water and power wastage by automating the motor control.
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If the water level in a borewell drops below the threshold level for pumping, its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely switch on or switch off the pump motor by sending an SMS from his mobile phone. The system is simple, reliable, portable and affordable.
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water level monitor using gsm
In a Farming Field area, there is a need of proper water supply to prevent it from drying and avoiding the over flow condition. If the water level in a Borewell connected near to the field drops below the threshold level for irrigation and Field starts drying and also its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem. This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the Borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely ‘switch on’ or ‘switch off’ the pump motor by sending a sms from mobile phone.
Gsm based borewell water level monitor
If the water level in a borewell drops below the threshold level for pumping, its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely switch on or switch off the pump motor by sending an SMS from his mobile phone. The system is simple, reliable, portable and affordable.
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PROJECT REPORT
If the water level in a borewell drops below the threshold level for pumping, its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely switch on or switch off the pump motor by sending an SMS from his mobile phone. The system is simple, reliable, portable and affordable.
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Ph.d. thesis modeling and simulation of z source inverter design and its con...
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Project report on gsm based borewell water level monitor
Project report on gsm based borewell water level monitor
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water level monitor using gsm
In a Farming Field area, there is a need of proper water supply to prevent it from drying and avoiding the over flow condition. If the water level in a Borewell connected near to the field drops below the threshold level for irrigation and Field starts drying and also its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem. This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the Borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely ‘switch on’ or ‘switch off’ the pump motor by sending a sms from mobile phone.
Gsm based borewell water level monitor
If the water level in a borewell drops below the threshold level for pumping, its pump motor may get air-locked or even burn out due to dry running. It is inconvenient for farmers to walk all the way to their fields at night just to switch the pump motor ‘off.’ Besides, he may never get to know the problem This problem can be solved by using this GSM-based system that will automatically give the user a call on his mobile phone when the water level in the borewell drops below or rises to the threshold level for pumping. The user can also remotely switch on or switch off the pump motor by sending an SMS from his mobile phone. The system is simple, reliable, portable and affordable.
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The document describes a continuous liquid level controller project. It uses sensors interfaced with a microcontroller to precisely monitor liquid level in a tank. The sensor output controls a pump and buzzer. At maximum and threshold tank levels, a buzzer will sound. The aim is to efficiently control liquid resources and enhance safety. A logic is programmed into the controller to appropriately operate the pump based on liquid level readings. This prototype could be applied industrially where continuous liquid monitoring and control is important.
Microcontroller based water level monitoring
This document describes a microcontroller-based water level controller project. The controller uses an AT89C52 microcontroller, LCD display, water level sensors, and a DC motor. It monitors the water level and controls the motor to automatically fill or drain the tank based on signals from two sensors. This automatic control saves electricity, water, and reduces human effort compared to a manual system. Potential applications include use in homes, industries, and municipal water systems.
Water level indicator by bhushan kumbhalkar
Mostly and must needed equipment for water tank in our house or industry. Water level indicator not only indicates the water level but also switch OFF and ON the power supply to water pump automatically. Most Demanded and easiest project to built. Can be constructed by beginner.
GSM Based Motor Controller
The document describes Agromate, a telemetric device that allows farmers to remotely operate motor pumps via a missed call from their mobile phone. Key features include starting/stopping motors from any distance, monitoring run time and power restoration, and integrating with water flow sensors to prevent running dry. The device comes in Deluxe and Plus models supporting motors up to 7.5 HP and any HP respectively, and can help farmers address issues like access during rough weather or at night.
Gsm based-automatic-motor-control-and-protection-system(1)
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Water Level Indicator with Alarm
This slide was made for our final term project of Electronic Device Course. It was a group work but the slide was made by me. I took help to made this slide. You can see this in the reference part of this slide.
Et0069 fabrication of multi nut tighter or remover
This document describes a system for automatically tightening or removing multiple nuts without human assistance. The system uses a motor that can be switched between forward and reverse rotation to either tighten or loosen nuts. A gear arrangement transfers the motor's rotation to a spanner that directly engages with the nuts. The motor receives power from a battery and an operator controls the direction of rotation to selectively tighten or remove nuts as needed.
Pantaloon revolutionising inventory management in indian retailing
Kishore Biyani is revolutionizing inventory management at Pantaloon Retail by implementing several initiatives. Pantaloon has grown tremendously from $900 million in revenues in 1998 to $11 billion in revenues across 55 stores in 19 cities within 7 years. Biyani developed new retail formats including Pantaloons, Central, and BigBazaar stores for apparel, fashion, entertainment, food and groceries. Pantaloon has reduced inventory days from 112 to 75 days by assigning category managers and focusing on efficient buying, branding, and replenishing stocks just in time to reduce quantities held in inventory.
Gsm anti theft system
This document describes a GSM-based anti-theft system for vehicles. The system uses a microcontroller and GSM modem to send SMS alerts to the vehicle owner's phone if the vehicle alarm is triggered. This provides immediate notification even if the thief gets away with the car, allowing the owner to quickly contact authorities. The system components include a microcontroller, GSM modem, and power supply to integrate wireless features and allow the modem to send SMS messages by serially transferring AT commands.
concealed weapon detection using digital image processing
This document proposes and describes a method for concealed weapon detection using digital image processing. The method uses both a visual RGB image and an infrared image as inputs. It resizes the images, complements the infrared image, and performs discrete wavelet transform fusion on the images. The fused image is converted to grayscale and binarized before weapon detection is attempted. Challenges include performing accurate detection from a distance while minimizing false alarms. More research is needed to improve detection when clothing is loose.
Speed Control of DC motor using AT89C52 IC
This document describes a project to control the speed of a DC motor using pulse width modulation (PWM) generated by an AT89C52 microcontroller. The document outlines the purpose, components, circuit diagram, programming, and workflow. Key components include an AT89C52 microcontroller, L293D motor driver, DC motor, voltage regulator, and buttons. PWM signals of varying duty cycles control the motor's speed. Code uses timers to generate PWM and buttons to select speed. The summary provides an overview of the goal and approach.
GSM Based Versatile Robotic Vehicle Using PIC Microcontroller Report.
This document is a project report on a GSM based robotic vehicle created by Abhi Sharma. It provides an introduction to robotics including the basic parts of a robot like mechanical platforms, motors, driving mechanisms, power supplies, electronic controls and sensors. It then gives an overview of the GSM robotic vehicle project including a block diagram and working mechanism. The next sections provide details on the schematics, components used and working of the GSM robot circuit. It concludes by discussing applications of the GSM robot and future scope.
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Gsm based-automatic-motor-control-and-protection-system(1)
Gsm based-automatic-motor-control-and-protection-system(1)
Et0069 fabrication of multi nut tighter or remover
Et0069 fabrication of multi nut tighter or remover
Pantaloon revolutionising inventory management in indian retailing
Pantaloon revolutionising inventory management in indian retailing
concealed weapon detection using digital image processing
concealed weapon detection using digital image processing
GSM Based Versatile Robotic Vehicle Using PIC Microcontroller Report.
GSM Based Versatile Robotic Vehicle Using PIC Microcontroller Report.
Similar to automatic water level controlling using gsm system
Tracking and breaking system for vehicles
This document describes a microcontroller-based project to control traffic and regulate vehicle speeds. The system divides a city into zones and sets different speed limits for each zone based on traffic levels. Sensors detect when a vehicle enters a zone and the microcontroller varies the vehicle's speed based on the zone's limit. Information is displayed on LCD screens and data is transmitted between zones using RF modules. The system uses a power supply, rectifier, regulator, and other components to function properly. It aims to improve road safety by automatically enforcing variable speed limits tailored to each traffic zone.
S2000Micro_Brochure
The S2000micro is an intelligent RTU with optional integrated pump controller functionality. It has a small footprint but powerful processing and flexible I/O. Key features include native DNP3 and WITS compliance, an embedded web server, Ethernet and alternative communications ports. It offers cost-effective monitoring and control for a wide range of applications. When used with the Pump Controller application, it can control up to two pumps and provide standard pump station functionality.
Steper Motor Control Through Wireless
This document summarizes a student project to control a stepper motor through wireless transmission. The project uses a microcontroller to send step pulses to a driver circuit connected to a stepper motor. Commands can be sent from a computer serial port or wireless interface to control the motor speed displayed on an LCD screen. The system aims to provide precise digital control of the stepper motor position through simple wireless operation.
under grund fault ppt (1).pptx
The document describes a system to identify the location of faults in underground electrical cables using an Internet of Things (IoT) platform. The system uses resistors to represent the underground cable and detects changes in voltage across the resistors to determine the location of short circuits. When a short circuit occurs, the voltage data is sent to a microcontroller and IoT module to display the fault location. The system allows utilities to locate cable faults without disconnecting the cable from the grid.
fault detection of transformer using GSM,,,,by YASASWINI.KAGITHALA
This document describes a project to design a fault recognition protection system for AC transmission lines using GSM technology. The system monitors the output of a step-down transformer using a microcontroller and fault indicator circuit. If a fault is detected, a relay is activated and a message is sent via GSM modem to notify the user. The system is powered by a regulated 5V supply and includes components like a LCD to display the power line status, buzzer to sound on fault, and MAX232 for serial communication between the microcontroller and GSM modem. The aim is to remotely monitor transformer faults without needing to check relays on site.
KAGITHALA YASASWINI
This document describes a project to design a fault recognition protection system for AC transmission lines using GSM technology. The system monitors the output of a step-down transformer using a microcontroller and fault indicator circuit. If a fault is detected, a relay is activated and a message is sent via GSM modem to notify the user. The system provides remote monitoring of power grids to reduce outage times and notify maintenance crews immediately in case of a fault. Key components include a power supply, fault indicator, microcontroller, LCD display, relay, buzzer, GSM modem and supporting circuits.
Wireless Flow Meter Solution M2M & IoT
CASCADEMIC Smart Water Meter Solution is a compact low power Industrial grade device that has the features to work under a networked environment.
The Smart flow meter has inbuilt Processing, storage and RF transmission unit.
The Smart water meter is an automated meter reading (AMR) based water meter with long life battery operation which is integrated and can be completely sealed based on the application requirement.
The modular approach design of this device provides the OEM’s the flexibility to use any type of sensors that match their application environment. For the current remote flow meter application,we can use ultrasonic sensor, AMR sensor or Hall Effect Sensor.
AUTOMATIC WIRELESS POWER GRID CONTROL
This document describes a project on automatic wireless power grid control. It is submitted by three students and guided by an assistant professor. The project uses a microcontroller to wirelessly control different units of a power grid based on time using an RF transmitter and receiver. It explains the hardware components used, including a power supply, diode bridge, microcontroller, RF modules, relay driver, encoder, decoder and LCD display. Block diagrams and working are provided, along with advantages of automation and potential applications in hardware control systems.
Automated load shedding using microcontroller
In this proposed model automated load shedding can be using microcontroller and relay module. this model is applicable only based on voltage sagging but it can be made based on current only replacing transformer to current transformer.
Plant monitoring system
Automatic plant monitoring system have recently attracted tremendous interest due to the potential application in emerging technology. More importantly, this technique have improved and may be used to enhance the performance of existing techniques or to develop and design new techniques for the growth of plants . This project will shows the new source for watering the plants in the farms which is reducing the man power . This system will ensure that plants will be monitered without direct influence of men. For designing this system electronic devices like arduino ,sensors (pressure ,soil moisture) and servo , relay , display are used . we mainly introduced automatic watering of plants which shows much efficiency for watering plants compared to other techniques used which facilitates more effective multi-type harvesting the farms and clarifies a mechanism for realizing multi-functional practices in farms using electronic devices.
Prepaid energy meter with gsm interface
Prepaid energy meter using GSM is used to record consumed units and send an alert to user via GSM. It is used to reduce power theft in commercial areas.
plantmonitoringsystem-180116071636 (1).pdf
This document describes a plant monitoring system that uses various sensors to monitor the temperature, pressure, and humidity of a plant. It uses sensors like the BMP180 temperature/pressure sensor and soil moisture sensors connected to an Arduino board. The system has two operating modes - an automatic mode where it will water the plant if the soil is dry, and a manual mode to control servos and relays by hand. It aims to enhance plant growth by monitoring environmental conditions and responding accordingly, such as turning on a heater if the temperature is too low. Potential future improvements include adding a camera and connecting it to the internet via IoT.
underground cable fault location using aruino,gsm&gps
This document describes a project to locate underground cable faults using an Arduino, GSM, and GPS. The system applies a low DC voltage to the cable and measures the voltage drop to determine the location of any faults. When a fault is detected, an SMS message is sent with the GPS coordinates. Key components include an Arduino microcontroller, LCD display, GSM and GPS modules, resistors to represent cable lengths, and relays. The software is written in C/C++ and uploaded to the Arduino. The system provides low-cost fault detection for underground cables over long distances.
DOC-20230916-WA0003..pptx
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Water environment measuring system using ph sensor
This document describes a water environment measuring system using a pH sensor. It includes an abstract, block diagram, hardware and software requirements, hardware testing details, a circuit diagram, future scope, and conclusion. The system uses various sensors and a Zigbee chip to measure water temperature, flow velocity, pH, and ammonia content. A GPRS module is used to exchange data between the wireless sensor network and a remote monitoring center. The system can automatically diagnose abnormal water environment parameters in aquaculture.
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES
This presentation is simply based on final year embedded systems based project entitled "ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES". This project represents an automobile which has a security system of its own to prevent and detect accidents using GPS Module, GSM module and Alcohol sensor as well.
Substation Monitoring and Control Based on Microcontroller Using IoT
This document describes a system for substation monitoring and control using an IoT approach. Sensors are used to measure voltage, current, and temperature. An Arduino microcontroller collects data from the sensors and sends it over an IoT module to a remote computer. The system allows monitoring and control of substations in real-time from a remote location. Relays controlled by the microcontroller can automatically shut off power to parts of the substation if faults are detected. This provides improved safety and efficiency for substation management.
sms based speed change of motor or fan
This project presentation summarizes an SMS-based system for remotely controlling the speed of a motor or fan. The system uses a microcontroller connected to a GSM modem to receive SMS commands and control a relay connected to the motor/fan. Key components include a power supply, microcontroller, GSM modem, LCD display, and relay. The system allows a user to send SMS messages from their phone to change the speed of the connected device remotely without needing to be physically present at the switchboard.
fire detection system
this system will automatically detects the fire and prevent that by using water sprinkler to spray water on it.
Gsm based energy meter reading system and load control
from this we are so get bill instantly without having man power and control loads from any where to any place by using a net work through gsm
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fault detection of transformer using GSM,,,,by YASASWINI.KAGITHALA
fault detection of transformer using GSM,,,,by YASASWINI.KAGITHALA
underground cable fault location using aruino,gsm&gps
underground cable fault location using aruino,gsm&gps
Water environment measuring system using ph sensor
Water environment measuring system using ph sensor
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES
ACCIDENT PREVENTION AND SECURITY SYSTEM FOR AUTOMOBILES
Substation Monitoring and Control Based on Microcontroller Using IoT
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学校原版美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书原版一模一样
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【美国波士顿大学毕业证学历学位证书】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
The Python for beginners. This is an advance computer language.
Python language is very important language at this time. we can easily understand this language by these notes.
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Batteries -Introduction – Types of Batteries – discharging and charging of battery - characteristics of battery –battery rating- various tests on battery- – Primary battery: silver button cell- Secondary battery :Ni-Cd battery-modern battery: lithium ion battery-maintenance of batteries-choices of batteries for electric vehicle applications.
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CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECT
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
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politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
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A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024
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A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMS
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine Learning
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
22CYT12-Unit-V-E Waste and its Management.ppt
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
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automatic water level controlling using gsm system
- 1. INTERNAL GUIDE P.RAMU- Associative Professor. M.V.PAVAN KUMAR
- 2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CURRENT SCENARIO & PROPOSED SOLUTIONS HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS BLOCK DIAGRAM FEATURES OF AT89S52 MICRO CONTROLLER PIN CONFIGURATION LCD ( LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY) GSM(GLOBAL SYSTEM FOR MOBILE) MAX 232 LIQUID SENSORS WORKING PROCEDURE ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE APPLICATIONS
- 3. Generally we all know that water is more precious resource and also there exist less amount of useful(drinking) water sources in the nature. So it is our reponsibility to control the wastage of water. Inorder to over come the wastage of water we had developed a new project i.e. “water level controller using gsm.” In this project,the sensors will sens the water level and sends the information to the gsm,then it sends to user.Depending upon the received information,user may ON/OFF the motor. INTRODUCTION
- 4. PROPOSED SOLUTIONS The sensor will sense the water level and sends the information to the driver of the micro controller. And the micro controller will sends the information to the motor driver and the motor will be set to on/off depending up on the signal . At the same time the GSM will send the message to the user whether the motor is on/off. CURRENT SCENARIO The water is wasted due to over flow. At the same time, power is also wasted.
- 5. Micro controller(AT89S52) LCD display. Dc motor. Power supply. GSM modem. Circuit board. liquid sensors. Keil vision. Micro controller flash HARDWARE & SOFTWRE REQUIREMENTS:
- 6. BLOCK DIAGRAM LCD DISPLAY DRIVER DC MOTOR GSM LIQUID SENSORS A T 8 9 S 5 2 POWER SUPPLY WATER TANK MAX232
- 7. 8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range 256K Internal RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three 16-bit Timer/Counters Eight Interrupt Sources Full Duplex UART Serial Channel Interrupt Recovery from Power-down Mode Watchdog Timer Dual Data Pointer Power-off Flag FEATURES OF AT89S52
- 8. (A15) (A14) (A13) (A12) (A11) (A10) (A9) (A8) PIN CONFIGURATION: RST vccP1.0 P1.1 P1.2 P1.3 P1.4 P1.5 P1.6 P1.7 P3.0 P3.1 P3.2 P3.3 P3.4 P3.5 P3.6 P3.7 XTAL 1 XTAL 2 GND ( T2) (T2EX) (MOSI) (MISO) (SCK) (RXD) (TXD) (INT0) (INT1) T0 T1 (WR) (RD) P0.0 P0.1 P0.2 P0.3 P0.4 P0.5 P0.6 P0.7 ALE/PROG PSEN P2.7 P2.6 P2.5 P2.4 P2.3 P2.2 P2.1 P2.0 (ADO) (AD1) (AD2) (AD3) (AD4) (AD5) (AD6) (AD7) (AD8) A T 8 9 S 5 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 EA
- 9. A liquid crystal display (LCD) is a thin, flat display device made up of any number of color or monochrome pixels arrayed in front of a light source or reflector Common LCDs connected to the controllers sews are 16X1, 16x2 and 20x2 displays. This means 16 characters per line by 1 line 16 characters per line by 2 lines and 20 characters per line by 2 lines, respectively LCD (liquid crystal display)
- 10. GSM is a cellular network, which means that mobile phones connect to it by searching for cells in the immediate vicinity. GSM networks operate in four different frequency ranges. Most GSM networks operate in the 900 MHz or 1800 MHz bands. It is interfaced through TX,RX(P3.0,P3.1) of the microcontroller . GSM(globalsystemformobilecommunication)
- 12. It is a level shifter. operates with single 5v power supply. To convert TTL logic, say TXD,RXD pins of the microcontroller thus need a converter chip. It has 4level translators, two of which are RS232 transmitters and two of which are RS 232 receivers. MAX 232
- 13. It has a resistive output that varies with the level of the fluid. It does away with clunky mechanical floats, and easily interfaces with electronic control systems. This results in a change in resistance that corresponds to the distance from the top of the sensor to the surface of the fluid. The sensor's resistive output is inversely proportional to the height of the liquid. The lower the liquid level, the higher the output resistance the higher the liquid level, the lower the output resistance. LIQUID SENSORS
- 15. USER DC MOTOR MICRO CONTROLLER GSM POWER SUPPLY ON GSM OK ..SENDINGMSG… TANK IS EMPTY WHENTANK ISEMPTY
- 16. USER DC MOTOR MICRO CONTROLLER GSM POWER SUPPLY LCD GSM OK...SENDING MSG… TANK IS FULL OFF WHENTANK ISFULL
- 17. To reduce the wastage of water. To reduce the wastage of power. To increase the pump set life. ADVANTAGES
- 18. LIMITATION: It works only when the power is in ‘ON’ state. Due to the network problems, the message send by GSM/USER may not be send within the in time. FUTURE SCOPE: By using solar panels we can give power supply to the sensor circuit and then we can monitor the water level during power cut also. LIMITATIONS & FUTURE SCOPE
- 19. Applicable in agricultural fields. Applicable at reservoirs. Applicable at oil refineries. Applicable at water plants. APPLICATIONS