The document outlines an automated dam shutter opening system designed to enhance the management of water levels and prevent dam failures. The system utilizes sensors, microcontrollers, and a motor driving relay circuit to control the opening and closing of dam gates based on real-time water level readings. By automating this process, the project aims to reduce manpower, maintenance costs, and the risk of disasters caused by manual operations.

1. “ AUTOMATIC DAM SHUTTER
OPENING SYSTEM”
Department of Electronics And Instrumentation
Institute Of Engineering And Technology Lucknow
GUIDED BY : SUBMITTED BY:
DR. PRERNA SAUMYA RAI
( 2000520320051)

2. OVERVIEW
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM
OBJECTIVE
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS
WORKING
FLOW CHART
CONCLUSION

3. INTRODUCTION
• This is an innovative system that automates the system
inside the dam. In traditional method the water level
was sensed and operated manually.
• This consumes manpower .
* It needs to be monitoired periodically .so that water
does not affect the dam walls and should not overflow
over the dam gates .

4. MOTIVATION
 Dam failure is one of the biggest disaster that could
happen .
 Manual dams management system cannnot be 100%
reliable .
 So there is a need of 100% automated sensor based
dam system .
 Hence the main purpose of the project is to control the
dam shutter automatically on sensing the water level .

5. PROBLEM
 Failure of dam is simply an uncontrolled release of
water from a reservior through dam as a result of
structural failure .
 As in the recent years dam failure has caused floods in
many cities which gave rise to many disease and many
other disaster to the human livelihood .
 So we need automation in this field to prevent such
massive disaster .

6. OBJECTIVE
 To reduce the load on operator .
 To decrease the cost of maitaineance on the system.
 To reduce the only use of mechanical linkages and
different mechanism in the system .
 Using this the floods and the risk of disaster can be
reduced upto certain extent .
 Therefore we need automation in this field to
maintain human liveliood .

7. BLOCK DIAGRAM

8. COMPONENTS
 1. WATER LEVEL SENSOR:
 The water level sensor is a device that measures the
liquid level in a fixed container that is too high or too
low.
 According to the method of measuring the liquid
level, it can be divided into two types: contact type and
non-contact type.

9. TRANSFORMER
 Transformer is the simplest device that is used to
transfer electrical energy from one alternating-current
circuit to another circuit or multiple circuits, through
the process of electromagnetic induction.
 A transformer works on the principle of
electromagnetic induction to step up or step down
voltage.
 The basic principle behind working of a transformer
is the phenomenon of mutual induction between two
windings linked by common magnetic flux.

10. MICROCONTROLLER
 A microcontroller is a small and low-cost
microcomputer, which is designed to perform the
specific tasks of embedded systems like displaying
microwave’s information, receiving remote signals, etc.
 The general microcontroller consists of the processor,
the memory (RAM, ROM, EPROM), Serial ports,
peripherals (timers, counters), etc.
 It is also called as a computer on a single chip.

11. AURDINO
 Arduino UNO is based on an ATmega328P microcontroller.
It is easy to use compared to other boards, such as the
Arduino Mega board, etc.
 The board consists of digital and analog Input/Output pins
(I/O), shields, and other circuits.
 The Arduino UNO includes 6 analog pin inputs, 14 digital
pins, a USB connector, a power jack.
 It is programmed based on IDE, which stands for
Integrated Development Environment. It can run on both
online and offline platforms.

12. LCD
 The term LCD stands for liquid crystal display.
 It is one kind of electronic display module used in an extensive
range of applications like various circuits & devices like mobile
phones, calculators, computers, TV sets, etc.
 These displays are mainly preferred for multi-segment light-
emitting diodes and seven segments.
 The main benefits of using this module are inexpensive; simply
programmable, animations, and there are no limitations for
displaying custom characters, special and even animations, etc.

13. MOTOR DRIVING RELAY CIRCUIT
 A relay is an electrically operated switch.
 The switch may have any number of contacts in
multiple contact forms, such as make contacts, break
contacts, or combination.
 Relays are used where it is necessary to control a
circuit by an independent low-power signal, or where
several circuits must be controlled by one signalations
thereof.

14. CONSTRUCTION
 The series of water sensors are fitted in such a way that the gate
will open partially or fully as per the requirement of water to pass
from one side to another .
 The water sensors are connected to microcontroller through
aurdino and then interfaced with lcd screen to display the level
of water .
 The transformer is connected to lcd screen through bridge
rectifiers and voltage regulator so as to convert low ac voltage to
high current and high voltage to low current .
 The microcontroller is also connected through Gate which
completes the circuit .

15. Working
 When the current is supplied the transformer converts it as per
requirement.
 The supply reaches to gate and microcontroller.
 When the water level touches the first sensor fixed at bottom ,
the signal is sent to microcontroller which further send the
signal to the gate and the gate opens partially.
 Now when the water touches the second sensor the gate opens
little wider .
 Same as with the topmost sensor which senses in the condition
of overflow thus the gate opens completely to aviod damage .

16. FLOW CHART

17. CONCLUSION
 The proposed way reduces the wastage of water upto
greater extent .
 Ensures efficint use of water resources for industries and
generates more precise and accurate result .
 Just one operator sufficient for closing and opening of gate
according to sensor output .
 Because of this the cost is reduced as we have used aurdino
and microcontroller instead of plc which reduces the cost .