International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
The main goal of this presentation is how to do research in particular field of engineering. For an example this presentation describes design of Vehicle tracking and monitoring system. So how to do research in particular field by referring standard IEEE papers is described in this presentation.
IP based communications over satellitesBektaş Şahin
IP based communications over satellites is a hard task however emerging technologies improve it's viability. This presentation gives some insight about how it is done and showcase some of the problems and solution approaches. Also some constellations are given as examples to how this process is done.
-> Explanation of various techniques for Localization like Triangulation and Proximity Based Techniques. (OTDOA/ AOA/ GSM Fingerprinting/Hybrid technologies, etc.)
-> Working of GPS and its drawbacks.
-> AGPS- working and advantages.
-> E911 call processing in AGPS.
->Location Based Services in 4G
The main goal of this presentation is how to do research in particular field of engineering. For an example this presentation describes design of Vehicle tracking and monitoring system. So how to do research in particular field by referring standard IEEE papers is described in this presentation.
IP based communications over satellitesBektaş Şahin
IP based communications over satellites is a hard task however emerging technologies improve it's viability. This presentation gives some insight about how it is done and showcase some of the problems and solution approaches. Also some constellations are given as examples to how this process is done.
-> Explanation of various techniques for Localization like Triangulation and Proximity Based Techniques. (OTDOA/ AOA/ GSM Fingerprinting/Hybrid technologies, etc.)
-> Working of GPS and its drawbacks.
-> AGPS- working and advantages.
-> E911 call processing in AGPS.
->Location Based Services in 4G
A comprehensive insight towards pre-processing methodologies applied on GPS d...IJECEIAES
Reliability in the utilization of the Global Positioning System (GPS) data demands a higher degree of accuracy with respect to time and positional information required by the user. However, various extrinsic and intrinsic parameters disrupt the data transmission phenomenon from GPS satellite to GPS receiver which always questions the trustworthiness of such data. Therefore, this manuscript offers a comprehensive insight into the data preprocessing methodologies evolved and adopted by present-day researchers. The discussion is carried out with respect to standard methods of data cleaning as well as diversified existing research-based approaches. The review finds that irrespective of a good number of work carried out to address the problem of data cleaning, there are critical loopholes in almost all the existing studies. The paper extracts open end research problems as well as it also offers an evidential insight using use-cases where it is found that still there is a critical need to investigate data cleaning methods.
Time distribution strategies in cellular networksNir Cohen
This paper reviews the various methodologies currently available for ensuring Time of Day (ToD) synchronization in cellular networks. It also introduces RAD’s revolutionary Distributed GMTM scheme, designed to deliver superb ToD accuracy at a lower cost in LTE and small cell networks, by bringing Grandmaster functionality closer to the base station in a small form factor device.
Different GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) Receiver’s combination an...IJMTST Journal
The greater part of the modern GNSS receiver are able to guarantee a fair positioning performance almost
everywhere. The aim is to investigate the effective potentialities of GNSS sensor such as GPS, GLONASS and
to make a statistical analysis of these receivers. The continuous increase of the number of GNSS multiconstellation
station will give a good opportunity to improve accuracy and precision levels. The system is
based on sensors, Arm cortex, and personal computer. Positioning data which includes both longitude and
latitude is extracted using NMEA protocol of the receiver. The extracted data will be displayed and saved on
personal computer and retrieved later. Each receiver sensor is analyzed, statistically characterized and its
error probabilities are obtained.
Key points: basic concepts and system components of GPS positioning; basic GPS positioning principles.
Difficulties: The concepts and uses of absolute and relative GPS positioning, static and dynamic positioning in the classification of GPS positioning methods.
Location in ubiquitous computing, LOCATION SYSTEMSSalah Amean
This presentation is a simple effort to survey positioning systems which is part o
Introduction
Location system
Global Positioning System
Active Badge
Active Bat
Cricket
UbiSense
RADAR
Place Lab
PowerLine Positioning
ActiveFloor
Airbus and Tracking with Cameras
Credit:
1-the presentation follows the book of "Ubiquitous computing fundamentals by John Krumm " 2010 .
2- few videos are downloaded and integrated with the presentation. Most of the videos are important to explain about each topics they are placed in
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Abstract Satellite GPS is undoubtedly the most popular and widely used three dimensional positioning technology in the world today, but despite this, cannot provide the positioning requirement in many every day requirements in different environments, such as urban and indoor due to the very weak signals from satellites. Even with high sensitivity GPS receiver cannot be given guaranteed in all situations and accuracies are typically of the order of tens to hundreds of meter at best. Accurate indoor positioning is required for a variety of commercial applications, including warehouse automation, asset tracking, emergency first-responders, and others. In fact, the general expectation of users today is for “GPS-like” positioning performance anywhere they go. Terrestrial GPS positioning is a new positioning technology, developed to address the failure of current satellite technologies for reliable ubiquitous (outdoor and indoor) positioning. In this paper key aspects of the new technology „terrestrial GPS positioning system‟ are discussed. Particular emphasis is given on the components like PseudoLite, PseudoNet, Rover (Moving terminal) and TimeLoc and their functionality. The technique and mathematical model used in terrestrial GPS positioning system is described in detail. The Results of installed Terrestrial GPS Positioning Systems are demonstrated and compared with Satellite GPS Positioning System. Index Terms: Indoor GPS system, PseudoLite, PseudoNet, TimeLoc
Amo fare le cose bene e che le cose siano fatte bene con la consapevolezza che occorre fare di necessita’ virtu’, facendo del proprio meglio con le risorse a disposizione.
Il valore per me piu’ importante e’ l’ownership: prendersi cura delle cose fino al loro naturale compimento.
Cerco di migliorarmi tutti i giorni, impegnandomi per essere e per fare sempre di piu’, sfidandomi ad uscire dalla mia zona di Comfort alla ricerca di esperienze che mi possano far crescere.
▪ Buona conoscenza ed uso dei sistemi operativi Windows e Linux.
▪ Buona conoscenza dei linguaggi di programmazione C++, Java.
▪ Ottima conoscenza ed uso del pacchetto Office (Word, Excel, Power Point, Access, Visio).
▪ Buona conoscenza del linguaggio PHP, CSS3 ed HTML5
Proven pre-sales acumen and sensitivity: excellent communication skills, ability to effectively influence and
communicate with key decision makers and CxO and capacity of achieving their trust
Excellent presentation skills and proven experience in speeches at International Meeting and Workshops
Cooperative, energetic and team-oriented and higly motivated
L’acronimo DWDM è ormai assai noto e conviene
dedicare solo un po’ di spazio alla sua spiegazione.
DWDM (Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing) indica
la tecnica di multiplazione che permette di trasmettere
contemporaneamente su una singola fibra ottica
una molteplicità di segnali generati da sorgenti laser
diverse, accordate su differenti lunghezze d’onda
indicate in genere come “lambda”
This is a very brief introduction to IP networking. Has explained the concept of IP version 4 Class and Addressing. Moreover the IP concepts are applied to RadioMobile enviroment related to Packet transmit towards IP network (Packet Switching)
Here you are an interesting explanation about HSPA Technology. The High Speed packet Access is the combination of two technologies, one of the downlink and the other for the uplink that can be built onto the existing 3G UMTS or W-CDMA technology to provide increased data transfer speeds.
The original 3G UMTS / W-CDMA standard provided a maximum download speed of 384 kbps.
Problems on understanding old radiomobile technologies? Do you need something fast and useful for refreshing your knowledgs? Have a look on this document! Very easy and customized for everybody...from beginners to advanced engineers!
I'd like to share with you an interesting note which I've written during my studies. I think can be useful for having a chance to plan your objective and making decisions in order to live with less stress our life everyday.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdf
Assisted GPS in Radiomobile Networks
1. Assisted GPS
Some applications benefit from very high accuracy that can be achieved by GPS receivers
integrated into mobile terminals. Latency, usability and accuracy of this GPS receiver can be
improved by sending GPS assistance data from the network to the UE. With the assisted GPS
method it is possible to:
reduce the GPS initialisation and acquisition times; the search window can be limited
and the measurement speed increased significantly for improved Time-To-First-Fix
(TTFF),
consume less handset power than the conventional GPS; this is because of rapid start-
up times as the GPS receiver can be in idle mode when it is not needed,
increase the GPS sensitivity and coverage; navigation messages are obtained through
UTRAN, so the GPS can operate in situations when GPS data is disturbed (for example
indoors, in urban environment).
The basic idea in Assisted GPS is to establish a GPS reference network whose receivers have
clear views of the sky, and can operate continuously. The RAN collects the required GPS data
from this reference network to be able to generate the required assistance data elements to the
UE to assist and speed up the:
location calculation function (see Figure LCS – UE based GPS)
or
signal measurement function (see Figure LCS – NW based GPS).
Also at the request of a User Equipment (UE) or network-based application, only the assistance
data from the reference network can be transmitted to the UE to improve performance of the GPS
receiver (see Figure LCS – UE based GPS).
Figure 6: LCS – UE based GPS
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2. GPS and assistance data
The principle of GPS positioning is very simple. GPS positioning is based on measuring relative
times of arrival (TOA) of signals sent simultaneously from a multiplicity of satellites. The distance
between the satellites and the receiver is solved indirectly from the TOA measurements together
with the exact GPS time.
The exact time is needed to calculate the satellites' positions from the received navigation data,
basically to find where they were at the time the signals left the satellites. The GPS satellites are
Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites that move along their orbits very fast, generally a few
kilometres per second. This way, an error of even a few milliseconds induces considerable errors
in SV positions and consequently in the user's position.
In theory, three TOA measurements would be enough to calculate the receiver's position, and also
the velocity in global coordinates assuming that the exact time was already known. In practice,
low-cost and low-accuracy oscillators are used in receivers as local clocks, so a fourth TOA
measurement is required to correct and estimate the error in local time. The fourth measurement
reformulates the 3D position calculation problem into a four-dimensional position-time problem,
where the time error becomes the fourth dimension.
The 50-Hz navigation message includes data unique to the transmitting satellite and data common
to all satellites. The navigation message contains time information, satellite clock correction data,
ephemeris (that is, precise orbital parameters), almanac (that is, coarse orbital parameters),
health data for all satellites, coefficients for the ionospheric delay model and coefficients to
calculate the Universal Coordinated Time (UTC) from the GPS system time. It takes 12.5 minutes
to receive all the satellite data from the GPS System.
GPS positioning depends on the accurate GPS time, navigation data containing satellite orbital
parameters, and distance measurements. If any of these three elements is missing, it can
completely paralyse the GPS-based positioning. This is easily the case in urban areas or indoors,
where constructions or dense foliage attenuate GPS signals, hindering signal reception, and
navigation data demodulation. Moreover, most of the people using positioning services are living
in these areas, which is inherently unsuitable for GPS.
Figure 8: Attenuation of GPS signals
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6. Network architecture and signalling flow
The network architecture and its elements for the cell coverage-based positioning method are
shown in Figure Network architecture and its elements for cell ID-based positioning method. An
LCS client can request the UE location, for example, from the iGMLC. After validating the location
requestor and the need to locate the UE, the iGMLC performs a request to the MSC. The MSC
does the UE search with, for example, paging and privacy checks and subsequently sends a
location-reporting request to the Serving RNC (SRNC). The SRNC pages the UE if no cell ID is
available, and it also requests the RTT measurement for the UE from the BTS and the Rx-Tx (=TD)
measurements from the UE. The SMLC functionality calculates the UE location and sends the
result to the iGMLC through the core network.
Figure 4: Netw ork architecture and its elements for cell IDbased positioning method
The Figure Cell ID-based positioning method - signalling flowfor MT-LR describes the flow of
the signals and messages in the case of a mobile terminated location request procedure (MT-LR).
All requests are defined according to 3GPP standards and RAN responds with the actual
geographical location information.
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7. Figure 5: Cell ID-based positioning method - signalling flow for MT-LRMac-hs
From the RAN point of view, the location procedure begins when the SRNC receives a location
request from the Iu interface (RANAP: Location Reporting Control message). This message is
forwarded to the integrated SMLC within the RNC. With this message, the SMLC gets vital
information about the location request. The message includes information such as message
priority (emergency/high/normal), time limit for serving this message (low delay/delay tolerant),
required location accuracy and so on.
SMLC then puts the received Location Reporting Control message into the internal LCS queue.
The queue is organised in such a manner that all Location Reporting Control-messages which are
related to emergency calls are served first. When there are no requests related to emergency calls
left in the queue, all messages with high priority are served. When there are no high priority
messages left in the queue, all messages with normal priority are served. SMLC also constantly
monitors the length of the queue and the location requests within it. When SMLC notices that a
request cannot be served in the given time limits because of the location capacity per second and
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