Sichuan Network Gps
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cvqThe document describes Sichuan Network GPS services including: 1. A network of 13 reference stations spaced 42-132km apart connected to a central control center 2. The network provides RTK accuracy of ±2.5cm within a 4,500 sq km service area and RTD accuracy of ±33cm within a 36,000 sq km area 3. Evaluations found the network achieves better than specified accuracies with rapid attenuation beyond 50km from the network boundaries
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This document describes the extensive geodetic system used to monitor a 185-meter high arch dam in Southern Africa as part of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project. The system includes a triangulation network with primary and secondary pillars, precise leveling, traverses with hanging and inverted pendulums, and altimetric wires to measure horizontal and vertical displacements of the dam. Adjustments of the network using least squares indicate mean errors generally under 1 mm. Displacements measured include horizontal movements up to 16 mm between summer and winter and vertical movements up to 4.3 mm.
Ge152 lecture2 terrestrial reference systems_2nd_sem2013-2014_s_reyes
This document discusses reference systems and reference frames in geodesy. It defines a reference system as a set of prescriptions that define a coordinate axis, while a reference frame realizes the system by specifying coordinates of definite points. It describes how satellite systems like GPS have revolutionized geodetic control by providing accurate global positioning. It also defines geodetic and vertical datums, explaining that a datum defines a coordinate system through parameters like origin, orientation, and ellipsoid specification to reference geodetic applications.
GPS in Geodesy
This presentation discusses the use of GPS technology in geodesy. It explains that GPS allows geodesists to solve problems at various levels, from developing state geodetic networks to land surveying, with productivity increasing by tens of times. Depending on the required accuracy and time limits, different types of GPS receivers are used, but they all work in differential mode and are phase-based. The presentation provides examples of GPS significantly increasing the efficiency of geodetic work in France and Russia.
Survey tacheometry
This document provides a tacheometry survey conducted by three students - Kharasadiya Parth U., Shah Urvi M., and Patel Priya N. - from Venus International College of Technology. It gives their names and student identification numbers. The document concludes with a thank you.
Fce 552 part1
The document outlines topics related to horizontal positioning in engineering surveys, including introduction to horizontal positioning, datum defects, and methods to provide horizontal control such as triangulation, trilateration, intersection, and resection. It discusses these topics over several pages with examples and explanations. The focus is on establishing accurate horizontal positioning for engineering projects.
Week1 introductiontobasicsurveying
Surveying techniques are used to establish the position of objects in 2D or 3D. Primary surveys are done when no previous data exists, while secondary surveys add to existing data or measure changes. Plan position is determined through techniques like triangulation, trilateration, or offset measurements from baselines. Elevation is found by direct or inclined leveling between points of known height. Theodolites allow simultaneous measurement of horizontal angles, slopes, and slant distances.
Surveying geodesy ajith sir
The Earth is not a perfect sphere, but is slightly flattened at the poles. The Earth rotates daily on its tilted axis, causing seasons and influencing climate. Parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude form a grid system to locate positions on the Earth's surface. The Earth revolves around the Sun annually in an elliptical orbit, with the seasons resulting from the tilt of its axis of rotation. Precise geodetic coordinates define locations on the reference ellipsoid used to model the oblate spheroid shape of the Earth.
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This document provides an overview of a digital image processing lecture given by Dr. Moe Moe Myint at Technological University in Kyaukse, Myanmar. It includes information about the instructor's contact information and office hours. The document then summarizes the contents of Chapter 2, which covers topics like visual perception, light and the electromagnetic spectrum, image sensing and acquisition, and basic relationships between pixels. Examples and diagrams are provided to illustrate concepts like the structure of the human eye, image formation, brightness adaptation, and the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical illusions are also discussed as examples of how visual perception does not always match physical stimuli.
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This document summarizes research on positioning accuracy for cooperative intelligent transport systems. It discusses how GPS alone cannot satisfy the high-accuracy positioning needs of safety-critical applications in certain environments. New positioning algorithms are being developed that integrate GPS with other sensors and vehicle-to-vehicle communication using DSRC. Current research includes developing techniques for collaborative positioning based on radio range, range-rates, and non-radio ranges. Evaluation of collaborative positioning datasets shows improvements over standalone GPS/INS of up to 60% in positioning accuracy. Future work aims to improve DSRC observations and integration algorithms while incorporating additional sensors.
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This document provides information on GPS, DGPS, and GNSS survey methodologies and specifications. It discusses:
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3) Details on DGPS, RTK, and network RTK systems and their capability to provide sub-meter to sub-centimeter accuracy.
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The Spectra Precision EPOCH 50 GNSS system provides centimeter-level RTK positioning accuracy with support for GPS, GLONASS, and other GNSS constellations. It has an integrated UHF radio for use as a base or rover and supports network RTK corrections. The compact receiver initializes quickly, operates for over 4 hours on an internal battery, and works with Survey Pro field software to complete surveys efficiently.
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This paper proposes an automatic railway crack locator system that uses infrared (IR) and ultrasonic sensors to detect cracks in railway tracks. The system is intended to improve railway safety by automatically detecting defects in tracks and sending the location information to maintenance crews via GSM. Key components of the system include an Arduino microcontroller, IR and ultrasonic sensors to detect cracks and measure distances, a GSM module to communicate crack locations, and a GPS module to provide precise location of cracks.
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This document discusses achieving centimeter-level accuracy with UAVs using RTK (real-time kinematic) technology. It provides examples of projects using the senseFly eBee RTK drone that achieved accuracy of 2-3 centimeters for orthomosaics and digital surface models without ground control points. The integrated RTK system allows centimeter-level geotagging of images and corrections via a base station, enabling high-accuracy mapping in both accessible and inaccessible areas.
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This document summarizes a range-free localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks called TSBMCL (Temporary-Seed Based Monte Carlo Localization) that uses the Monte Carlo method. It discusses how TSBMCL works in two main parts: 1) voting for temporary anchor nodes from localized nodes, and 2) using the temporary anchors to aid localization of other nodes. The algorithm is shown to improve localization accuracy over the MCB algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that TSBMCL reduces localization failure rates and requires fewer sampling particles than standard Monte Carlo localization methods. In conclusion, TSBMCL provides an accurate and efficient range-free localization scheme for mobile wireless sensor networks.
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This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new cuboid-based localization algorithm for wireless sensor networks. The algorithm aims to minimize localization error and decrease energy consumption by shifting complexity to anchor nodes that have GPS. It works by having anchor nodes broadcast their locations to form triangles around unknown nodes. Distances from unknown nodes to anchors are estimated using RSSI. The algorithm is simulated in a 3D space and shows decreasing localization error as the number of anchor nodes increases, achieving an error of under 1.6m. The paper aims to improve over existing localization methods that have issues like multipath interference affecting RSSI-based techniques.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
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Sichuan Network Gps
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