This document discusses several methods for assessing learning outcomes, including forced-choice selection, Likert scales, semantic differentials, and opinionnaires. Forced-choice items require selecting among options that differ in content rather than intensity, and have advantages like minimizing subjectivity. Likert scales use a rating scale (often 5 points) to indicate agreement with statements. Semantic differentials measure attitudes by having respondents rate concepts on bipolar adjective scales. Opinionnaires can systematically gather opinions and attitudes through well-constructed questions that are brief, stimulating, allow depth and latitude in responses.