The document provides an overview of major events and issues during the Nixon and Ford presidencies from 1969-1977. It discusses Nixon's election and pledge to end the Vietnam War through "Vietnamization," his opening of relations with China, and his domestic policies. However, the Watergate scandal erupted and Nixon resigned in 1974 due to his role in the cover-up. Ford then pardoned Nixon but lost reelection in 1976. The Vietnam War continued despite Nixon's efforts, and the 1973 Oil Crisis had major economic impacts.
In this powerpoint, you will get a Cold War timeline of events, from the start of the Cold War to the end. This also is set up and showing which President was in office during the Cold War.
Covers key events, issues, and developments in the presidency of James Monroe, including the consolidation of American national borders, the end of the First Party System, the beginning of the Era of Good Feelings, the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and the articulation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.
In this powerpoint, you will get a Cold War timeline of events, from the start of the Cold War to the end. This also is set up and showing which President was in office during the Cold War.
Covers key events, issues, and developments in the presidency of James Monroe, including the consolidation of American national borders, the end of the First Party System, the beginning of the Era of Good Feelings, the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and the articulation of the Monroe Doctrine in 1823.
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve Thomason
APUSH Lecture Ch. 30-31 Nixon to Reagan
1.
2. DEEP DIVISIONS AT HOME: Election of 1968
•LBJ
•Robert Kennedy
•Hubert Humphrey
•Democratic Convention - Chicago
•Richard M. Nixon – “silent majority”
Robert Kennedy Hubert H. Humphrey Richard Nixon
President Johnson
4. “Peace with Honor”- Nixon
The Problem of Vietnam
•Nixon did not want to be the
1st president to lose a war
•“Vietnamization” pulling US
troops, shift responsibility to
S. Vietnamese
7. Nixon’s Presidency
•He appeals to the “silent
majority” who were opposed
to the counterculture
movement and the civil unrest.
People looking for a more
conservative leader.
•Vietnam war was at a boiling
point when Nixon took office.
•He made a campaign pledge to
find a way out ofVietnam....In
reality he had no plan.
8. “Nixon Doctrine”
•Morality of the War - this was questioned for many
reasons.
•1. Seen as a civil war - none of U.S. business
•2.What is the purpose/who is the enemy? Proxy wars
often have no clear purpose
•3.The unconventional use of guerilla warfare, civilian
population and booby traps led to troop unrest -> My
Lai massacre
9.
10. China and “Ping-pong”
Diplomacy
•China begins to split away from USSR
in 1969. Nixon takes full advantage
•1971 US ping pong team visits
•1972 Nixon visits China and opens up
US borders to Chinese trade and
investment
•A modern “Open Door Policy”
11. SALT I
•S.A.L.T. I - Strategic Arms Limitation Talks - pushed by
the newly formed US-China relations, USSR comes to
the table to begin peaceful discussions.
•A peaceful pause would result from these talks between
the US and USSR
12. Watergate Scandal
•Watergate Hotel - Washington DC
June, 1972 - Nixon’s aides break into
the hotel which was serving as the
headquarters of the Democrats.
•Additional past indiscretions now
came to light including: numerous
wiretaps, payoffs, and even
administrative threats.
13.
14. Watergate Scandal
•Nixon was now faced with a huge
political scandal which was not
helped by the secret war he
started in Cambodia.
•Nixon decided to resign as
president before he could be
impeached by Congress.
15. Middle East Problems
•Yom Kippur War - Also known as the 1973 Arab-
Israeli War - October 6 to October 26 1973 between
Israel and Egypt/Syria forces.
•Egypt and Syria launch a surprise attack on Israel and
achieve early victories but are later defeated and forced
back to original borders.
16. Middle East Problems
•Two major effects were: the Arab
world felt vindicated militarily by
the war.
•The war and the US support of Israel
would led to the emergence of OPEC
and the 1973 oil crisis
17. Oil Crisis
•Began in 1973 as a result of US support for Israel
during the Yom Kippur War.
•Gas prices were extremely high for the time
approaching $1.00 a gallon
•Formation of OPEC leads to a market dominance of the
petroleum by Arab nations.
18.
19. Oil Crisis
•Lasting Effects of Oil Crisis
•Major effect on inflation prices in U.S.
•Beginning of Japanese automobile invasion
•Achilles heal of U.S. is exposed by OPEC, which
will lead to future conflicts.
•Increase in value of Russia’s oil which keeps them
afloat for longer
20. Sports heroes
•Battle of the Sexes 1973 - Bobby
Riggs is defeated in straight sets by
Billy Jean King after he claimed he
could beat any woman
•Mark Spitz 1972 - broke 7 world
records to win 7 gold medals at the
olympics. His spotlight was tainted
by the Munich hostage crisis
21. Secretariat
•By 1973 the US was at its
lowest point since the Great
Depression.
•Many held no faith in the
Government
•Secretariat was a symbol of
hope and greatness that
people clung to...unable to
be corrupted
24. Support of Dictators
•Pinochet - In 1973, Pinochet came to
power in Chile and began to wipe
out the communist party there.
•Nixon’s support of Pinochet was
due to his anti-communist
sentiment and his embracing of a
US dominated free-market world.
25. Civil Rights
•School Desegregation - Nixon oversaw
more students integrated into the public
school system, than any other president.
•Philadelphia Plan and Affirmative Action -
the first legislation that addressed
affirmative action was under Nixon.
Helping minorities gain work and access to
higher education.
26. Mr. “Green”
•EPA - The Environmental Protection
Agency while often ineffective was the
first environmental watchdog set up by
the US government.
•Legacy of Parks - a federal program
where the national government will
match a city’s funds 50-50 for the
purpose of building city parks.
27. More Domestic Issues
•DEA - Drug Enforcement Agency
- Nixon’s famous “war on drugs”
- Created to combat the flow of
narcotics entering the US.
•Nixon stops the practice of the
US treasury balancing the dollar
to a gold standard - long reaching
effects across the world.
28. Gerald Ford
•Only President in history to never be
elected into office.
•Appointed Vice President after
Spiro Agnew resigns - 1973
•Becomes president after Nixon
resigns - 1974
•Is not reelected in 1976
29. Nixon’s Pardon
•September 8, 1974 Ford gave
Nixon a full and unconditional
pardon for any crimes he
committed as president.
•This was seen as highly
controversial and unpopular. To
many people, this would result in
Ford not being reelected.
30. Gerald Ford 1974-1976
•1975 Helsinki accords - Warsaw Pact
and NATO agree to keep current
European boundaries and provide
equal human rights
•Nixon and Ford caused anti-
Republican sentiment for their stance
on the Cold War
31.
32. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981
•Son of a peanut farmer, was Gov.
of Georgia who was well known
for being a supporter of racial
desegregation.
•As Gov. of Georgia, filed a
report with UFO Bureau on his
1969 sighting.
33. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981
•Carter appealed to voters as a
strong Christian leader who
would restore the presidency.
•For a Democrat, his policies
were very “Republican” as he
reduced the size of the Federal
Government by 1/3.
34. Jimmy Carter 1977-1981
•Carter did not support
dictatorships across the globe -
cut funding to S. Africa, Chile,
Guatemala, and Nicaragua.
•Camp David Agreement 1979 -
agreement between Israel and
Egypt for peaceful relations and
Israel’s withdrawal from the Sinai
35. No more peace
•SALT II talks resume but are quickly tabled as the USSR
invades Afghanistan in 1979.
•The war would be Russia’s Vietnam lasting from 1979 to
1989 with heavy casualties and a strategic loss.
•Carter funds a multi-billion dollar program to train and
arm Islamic fundamentalists to fight the USSR.
•Concern over USSR taking over Middle East
36. Panama Canal Debate
•In 1977 Jimmy Carter signs
over control of the Panama
Canal to Panama, a move
that angered many
Americans.
37. Iran Hostage Crisis
•1953 the US backed the a ruthless
Iranian monarch the Shah. The Shah
held good relations with the US.
•1979 Iranian Revolution toppled the
Shah and the Ayatollah Khomeini was
now in charge and he increased anti-
American sentiment.
38. Iran Hostage Crisis
•The Shah goes to NewYork to seek cancer
treatment...mobs in Tehran go nuts and
storm the US embassy in the city and take
60 hostages.
•The standoff that ensued between the
terrorists and Carter would not end until
Reagan entered office, 444 days later.
•Change and instability of Iran causes oil
shortage and the 1979 energy crisis.
39. Energy Crisis of 1979
•As oil prices rise again, the
economy slows down but
Carter cut gov’t spending.
•Economy tanking was a
result of off-shoring jobs
and increased
mechanization
40. Ronald Reagan 1981-1989
•Started out as an actor. In the film
“Knute Rockne” he played The Gipper.
•“Win won for the Gipper”
•Never a major actor.
•Reagan was married twice...only
president to have been divorced. His
second wife, Nancy, had a very close
relationship to Ronald
•Reminded many of a grandfather figure
41. Ronald Reagan 1981-1989
•Reagan had always been a hard line anti-
Communist and supported methods used
by Eisenhower and Nixon over Carter.
•Jimmy Carter lost his presidency over
inflation, unemployment, Iran hostage crisis.
•Famous for his movie references “Make my
day” and “Star Wars”
44. Reagan Revolution
• Economic Recovery and Tax Act of 1981 - reduced
personal income taxes by 25% over three years.
• The program cut government budget by $747 billion
dollars but gave more money to consumers. Many
programs cut. Under Reagan national debt increased from
$150 billion to $3 trillion dollars. At the same time
unemployment and inflation went down.
• Deregulation - opened up business by removing many
regulations; horrible for the environment.
45. Reagan Revolution
• Some of the hardest hit were the poorest people.
• Poverty rates went up from 11 to 15% during the 1980s.
• Reagan’s tax cuts meant less government money for the
mentally ill. Most of these patients ended up on the
streets. During the 1980s the homeless population
increased from 200,000 to 700,000
• The war on drugs under Reagan saw high numbers of
minorities jailed (Crack v. Powder cocaine)
47. “Reaganomics”
•Supply Side economics - the belief that economic
relief to the suppliers of goods and services will
result in lower prices and more economic
investment by them in the long run.
•Yuppies - young urban professionals emerged as
a new market. Greed and commercial gains
became popular. Brand name popularity as social
status.
48. “Reaganomics”
• 1. reduce the growth of government spending
• 2. reduce marginal tax rates on income from
labor and capital
• 3. reduce government regulation of the
economy
• 4. control the money supply to reduce
inflation
49. Loss of the Middle Class
•1. Tax Cuts for the wealthiest 20% did not
translate into economic assistance to the poor.
•2. Middle Wage industrial jobs continued to be
shipped overseas to other countries such as
China and Mexico or mechanized.
•3. Immigration numbers peak increasing the
number of lower wage workers.
MiddleClass
51. Lebanon
•October 1983 - Civil war in
Lebanon resulted in an
American peacekeeping force
to be sent. American soldiers
were attacked by suicide
bombers killing 241 soldiers.
Grenada
•Three days after the attack in
Lebanon, the US invaded
Grenada where a communist
government existed.
•US fought Grenadan and
Cuban forces that resulted in a
US victory by mid-December.
52. Iran Contra Affair
• In the 1980s the Reagan administration sold
arms to Iran in exchange for the release of
American held captives.
• Reagan then illegally sent the money from
the weapons to the Contras in Nicaragua.
• In separate instances the Reagan
administration sold arms to Saddam
Hussien to fight Iran as well as Afghanistan
to fight Russia. (these are weapons now
being used against us)
Contras vs. Sandistas
US supported Dictatorship vs.
Sandistas
53. Star Wars
•SDI - Strategic Defense Initiative - was a defensive
weapons system
•SDI initiative established by Reagan to build up the
nuclear program.
•The new arms race increase military expenditures
especially in the southwest or Sunbelt states.
•USSR could no longer keep up with the US in military
spending
54. Fall of USSR
•Gorbachev establishes Glasnost
which is political openness in Russia.
•He later establishes Perestroika
which sought to restructure the
political and economic systems in
Russia to more flexible and modern
methods.
•Reagan pleads for the wall to come
down
55. Fall of USSR
•Gorbachev hoped that more democratic
methods would allow Russia to reduce military
spending and focus more on the economy
•Gorbachev’s introduction of more democratic
ideals into USSR led to the breaking up of the
Empire
•December 1991 - 14 non-Russian republics
declared their independence from Russia
56.
57. Year 1946 1950 1956 1960 1970 1980 1988
Total # of US & USSR
Nukes
9 400 2,207 3,471 7,176 18,088 23, 444
62. Persian Gulf oil fields
In the Persian Gulf War
of early 1991, Operation
Desert Storm forced
Iraqi troops out of
Kuwait. Much of that
nation's oil industry was
destroyed by bombs and
the retreating Iraqis, who
torched oil facilities as
they left. Oil wells
burned for months,
darkening the sky over
these American forces
and causing
environmental damage.
63. Exxon Valdez disaster and oil
spill
Fisherman John Thomas rescues an
oil-soaked cormorant after the
massive oil spill in Alaska's Prince
William Sound in March of 1989.
((c) Bettmann/Corbis)