The document summarizes European colonization of South Africa in the 19th century. It describes how the Dutch first colonized the Cape of Good Hope in 1652 and established the Dutch East India Company. They were later displaced by British settlers who wanted to exploit South Africa's resources. This led to tensions between the Dutch Boers and British that erupted into two Boer Wars in the late 1800s, with the British emerging victorious both times. The document outlines the key events, groups, and leaders involved in this colonial period in South Africa, including the Great Trek of Boers northward and conflicts with the Zulu.

1. Lecture #4 European Colonization
of Africa pt. 2 theWhat
Reminders:
Weds/Thurs - Retakes for the map quiz (below 80% only)
Fri - Reading Packet and Questions Due Friday
Fri - Quiz on reading packet 15-20 Questions

2. European Colonization of S.Africa
What is taking place in this picture?
Colonialism-the control
or governing influence
of a nation over a
dependent country,
territory, or people.
Dutch and British
settlers hoped to exploit
South Africa’s resources
to increase the wealth of
Britain.

3. Early Dutch Colonization
• In 1652, the Dutch colonized
the country of South Africa
and established the Cape of
Good Hope.
• It was here that the Dutch set
up the Dutch East India
Trade Company.
Decades later, the
British settled in South
Africa in order to claim
its riches

4. British and Dutch compete
over S.Africa
•In South Africa, tensions rose
between the native South
Africans, Dutch settlers
known as Boers and the
British.
•The British military was
stronger than the Dutch and
they are forced to leave the
Cape Colony
Dutch = Boers

5. •After being forced out of Cape Colony,
the Dutch Boers pushed inland, into
territory that was traditionally held by
the Zulu tribes.
•The Great Trek - the Dutch Boers
movement from Cape Colony North
into the Transvaal.
•1838 - the Dutch and Zulu fight the
first of many conflicts. Dutch kill over
3,000 Zulu, which turned the Ncome
river red with blood.
The Great Trek 1836-1838

6. Zulu
• After the battle, the Dutch
establish the Orange Free
State and Transvaal
territories.
• The Zulu tribal leader Shaka
Zulu would lead several
more attacks against the
Dutch but could not push
the Dutch out of the
Transvaal.
• The ongoing conflicts would
later influence the
Afrikaner government and
its policies.
Shaka Zulu 1785 - 1828
Conflict

7. Cecil Rhodes
• Started De Beers diamond company
which owned/sold up to 90% of the
world’s diamonds in the early 1900s.
• Founded the country of Rhodesia
which was later split into Zambia
and Zimbabwe
• Used his position as Prime Minister in
South Africa to encourage the First
Boer War in 1880.
• His vision was a transcontinental
railroad from Capetown to Cairo
which would demonstrate British
dominance of the African continent

8. First Anglo-Boer War 1880-1881
• Also called “Transvaal War”
• Dutch (Boers) vs. British
• Short conflict which the Boers won and re-established the
independent republic of Transvaal.
• The discovery of gold + diamonds in Transvaal had attracted
British interest. British also desired Cape Colony to monitor and
control trade to India

9. 2nd Boer War
1899-1902
• Won by the British
• the Boer republics including
Transvaal and Orange Free State
were transferred to British control
• War had high casualties due to
modern weapons
• British will eventually set up the
Union of South Africa (1910)
• Self-governing but run and
controlled by the British
• the Boer Wars are considered one
of the first modern “total” wars
Dutch Boers vs. British =
BritishVictory
vs.

10. Lasting Horror of the War
• Dutch Boers often used
guerilla warfare tactics to
combat the British and hide
their numbers.
• In reaction, the British used
concentration camps to
detain all Dutch S.Africans
• 26, 000 Boers died in these
camps under British control
• Many wereWomen and
Children

11. “The Colossus of Rhodes”
An image of British
Domination of the
African Continent