After Watergate, Gerald Ford assumed the presidency but was unable to curb inflation or the economic difficulties of the time. His pardon of Nixon hurt his popularity and he lost the 1976 election to Jimmy Carter. Carter emphasized human rights but faced challenges like inflation, fuel shortages, and the Iran hostage crisis. This hurt his reelection bid, which was won by Ronald Reagan in 1980. Reagan implemented conservative policies like tax cuts and military spending increases. He faced challenges like budget deficits and scandals but remained popular. The Cold War began to thaw under Gorbachev's reforms in the Soviet Union. George H. W. Bush succeeded Reagan but faced a recession and the Gulf War during his term.
The 60s american politics turbulent decadeMarcus9000
A look at the political history of the USA spanning the decade of the 1960s.
This covers events such as the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Civil Rights Movement and the Space Race as well as the Cold War.
The 60s american politics turbulent decadeMarcus9000
A look at the political history of the USA spanning the decade of the 1960s.
This covers events such as the Bay of Pigs, Cuban Missile Crisis, Vietnam, Civil Rights Movement and the Space Race as well as the Cold War.
Entering a New Century, 1992-2013Chapter 29T.docxSALU18
Entering a New Century,
1992-2013
Chapter 29
The Clinton YearsThe Opening RoundNAFTAGATTAIDS Federal support became available“Contract with America”Called for reduced federal spending and support for family values1994 elections
*
The ComebackWon the 1995 “battle of the budget”
Clinton’s Second TermSet a centrist agendaBalanced Budget ActTaxpayer Relief Act
The Clinton Years
*
Clinton’s Foreign PolicyWorked to reduce trade barriersEnhance global economic stabilityMiddle EastContinued efforts to ease tensionsDayton AgreementEthnic cleansing
The Clinton Years
*
Economy and Society in the 1990sA Revitalized Economy1992 started to climb out of recessionOne of the longest period of sustained economic growth in the nation’s historyBegan slowing again in 2001Rapid growth in information technologyThis was only the beginning
*
Economy and Society in the 1990sRich, Poor, and in Betweenmore people forced into service industrieswages were lowerbenefits scarceMedical expenses One of the country’s fastest rising costs
*
Women, Family, and the Culture WarDramatic changes in family structureFeminization of povertyAbortion remained one of the most divisive issues1996 Defense of Marriage Act
Economy and Society in the 1990s
*
Judicial Restraint and the Rehnquist CourtConservatives and most Republicans believed the Supreme Court needed to practice judicial restraintModified many of the principles of the Warren Court
The Clinton Years
*
New Agendas and ChallengesThe 2000 ElectionDemocrat Al GoreTexas Governor Geroge W. BushControversy over results
Establishing the Bush AgendaTax cutsEducation reform
*
Charting New Foreign PoliciesRepublicans believed Clinton had been too interested in international cooperationWeakened the nation’s power
New Agendas and Challenges
*
An Assault Against a NationSeptember 11, 2001Among Democrats and Republicans, efforts were made to minimize political rhetoric and support the presidentAl-QaedaSaddam Hussein in Iraq
New Agendas and Challenges
*
War and PoliticsWar on TerrorismAl-QaedaOsama bin LadenCoalition-building efforts
*
War and PoliticsIraq and PoliticsSaddam Hussein“shock and awe”Iraq became a new kind of war zone
*
War and PoliticsBush’s Second TermHurricane KatrinaTroop surge
*
Economic Crisis and ObamaObama won 2008 election53% of popular voteTARP
The Politics of FilibusterAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment ActHealth Care and Education Reconciliation Act
War and Politics
*
Republican ResurgenceTea Party movementGridlock and Election of 2012Budget Control ActMitt Romney – Republican candidate“fiscal cliff”Obama re-elected51% of vote
War and Politics
*
America Under Stress, 1967-1976
Chapter 27
Johnson and the WarAmericanization of the Vietnam WarCommunism presented a direct challenge American interestsPresident Johnson delayed because it was an election yearDomino theoryTet Offensive
*
The Antiwar MovementIn 1965, most American ...
Eoct review questions gps 25 late cold war and modern politicsphillipgrogers
Late Cold War and Modern Politics Richard Nixon detente stagflation Roe v. Wade Watergate Gerald Ford Camp David Accords Iranian Hostage Crisis Reaganomics Ronald Reagan Berlin Wall Iran-Contra Scandal George H.W. Bush Bill Clinton George W. Bush Gore September 11th
Reagan's 1980 election resulted from a dramatic conservative shift to the right in American politics, including a loss of confidence in liberal, New Deal, and Great Society programs and priorities that had dominated the national agenda since the 1930s.
Domestically, the Reagan administration enacted a major tax cut, sought to cut non-military spending, and eliminated federal regulations. The administration's economic policies, known as "Reaganomics", were inspired by supply-side economics. The combination of tax cuts and an increase in defense spending led to budget deficits, and the federal debt increased significantly during Reagan's tenure. Reagan signed the Tax Reform Act of 1986 (which simplified the tax code by reducing rates and removing several tax breaks) and the Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986. Reagan also appointed more federal judges than any other president, including four Supreme Court Justices.
Reagan's foreign policy stance was resolutely anti-communist; its plan of action, known as the Reagan Doctrine, sought to roll back the global influence of the Soviet Union in an attempt to end the Cold War. Under this doctrine, the Reagan administration initiated a massive buildup of the United States military; promoted new technologies such as missile defense systems; and, in 1983, undertook an invasion of Grenada, the first major overseas action by U.S. troops since the end of the Vietnam War. The administration also created controversy by granting aid to paramilitary forces seeking to overthrow leftist governments, particularly in war-torn Central America and Afghanistan. Specifically, the Reagan administration engaged in covert arms sales to Iran to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua that were fighting to overthrow their nation's socialist government; the resulting scandal led to the conviction or resignation of several administration officials. During Reagan's second term, he sought closer relations with Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev, and the two leaders signed a major arms control agreement known as the INF Treaty.
Similar to Age of limits and reagan chapter 31 Period 3 (20)
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
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Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
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1. The “Age of Limits” to
the “Age of Reagan”
Luis Reyes
Brian Youn
Cristian Sanchez
A.P. U.S. History, p/3
2. P o lit ic s a n d D ip lo m a c y
A fte r Wa te rg a te
3. Ford Custodianship
After Watergate-Gerald Ford-next president
Ford later pardoned Nixon for the scandals, which led to his declining
popularity.
Ford unable to lesson or maintain inflation, and he face many
obstacles, such as recession in 1974 and 1975, as well as energy crisis.
Henry Kissinger still the secretary of state and helped with the
development of the treaty in the Middle East where Israel promised to
give back sections of the Sinai to the Egyptians.
1974-Ford met with Leonid Brezhnev in Siberia for SALT II
For the presidential election of 1976, Ford lost to Democratic candidate
Jimmy Carter.
4. Human Rights and National Interests
Jimmy Carter put large importance in the defense of human rights in
foreign countries.
Due to his efforts, Panama was able to gain control over the Panama
Canal.
Egyptian president Anwar Sadat and Israeli prime minister Menachem
Besin were invited to attend a conference at Camp David in September of
1978.
Sadat and Begin went to the White House on March 26, 1979 to sign an
Egyptian-Israeli peace treaty-the Camp David accords.
Formal diplomatic relations between the U.S. and China resumed on
December 15, 1978 due to the efforts of Carter and Deng Xiaoping.
Carter later met with Brezhnev for SALT II, but this faced much opposition
from American conservatives.
5. The Trials of Jimmy Carter
During Carter administration-many economic and diplomatic difficulties.
Congress rejected much of his legislative proposals, especially those of the
tax and welfare systems.
During this time, unemployment lessened, but inflation rapidly increased.
G. William Miller and Paul Volcker-leaders of the Federal Reserve Board.
1979-substantial fuel shortage due to issues in the Middle East.
Ten days after he went to Camp David, Carter gave a television speech
known as the “malaise” speech.
Carter then fired multiple officials of his cabinet.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1IlRVy7oZ58
6. The Year of the Hostages
Starting in the 1950s-U.S. gave much support to the Shah of Iran.
Shah’s authoritarian style of rule led to much opposition from
Iranians by 1979.
This resulted in a revolution, and the Shah fled Iran in January of
1979.
By 1979-necessary for U.S. to end support to Iran.
New leader of Iran: Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
November 4-mob terrorized the American embassy in Teheran and
took hostage the diplomats and military personnel that were in the
embassy.
7. Continue
These 53 American hostage would only be freed if the Shah
returned to Iran.
These American were not freed until over a year had past.
December 27, 1979-Invasion of Soviet Union in
Afghanistan.
As a result of this, Carter imposed laws that would be an
economic disadvantage for the Soviets, as well as the boycott
of the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow.
SALT II would also be removed from the future
consideration of the Senate.
This contributed to Carter’s declining popularity.
9. The Sunbelt
“Sunbelt”-Kevin Philips (political analyst)-areas of the
Southeast and Southwest, especially California.
1964-California-largest population in the nation.
Sunbelt received much economic attention.
Parts of the South and West-opposed to the expansion and
regulations of the government.
Sagebush Rebellion-opposition to environmental restrictions
and the amount of landownership by the government.
The Suburbs appealed to many conservatives and to many
people who were looking to live a sable life away from the cities.
10. Religious Politics
During the 1960s-people believed that religious influence in America
was dwindling.
There was still a large religious revival that started in the 1970s.
Church of Scientology and the Unification Church of the Reverend Sun
Myung Moon.
Unlike before WWII, Christian evangelicals were highly connected to
various forms of mass media and culture.
Many evangelicals advocated for traditional values and were opposed
to modern movements, such as feminism.
Jerry Falwell-Moral Majority
Pat Robertson-Christian Coalition-1990s.
Controversial issues such as Roe v. Wade united many different faiths in
opposition.
11. New Right
The New Right was a diverse and powerful movement that occurred in
the 1970’s and 1980’s, which came after the defeat of Republican
candidate Barry Goldwater in the election of 1964; therefore a change
was brought up by conservative communications and fund-raising
organization, which made conservatives much more organized.
Citizens tax revolt, lead by Howard Jarvis, a conservative activist, lead to
the development of Proposition 13.
Reagan became leader of an affluent group of conservatives.
+ President of the Screen Actors Guild.
+ Spokesman for General Motors.
Through the help of a group of wealthy conservatives, Reagan became
Governor of California.
There were many opposing President Carter due to the energy crisis and
the year of the hostages.
Conservative Republicans were winning greater incentive over liberal
Republicans
+ President Ford decision managed to salvage his position for the
Republican Primaries, by dropping his Vice- President Nelson
Rockefeller.
13. Popular Vote: Popular Vote: Popular Vote:
43,901,812 35,483,820 5,719,722
Electoral Electoral Electoral
Vote: 489 Vote: 49 Vote: -
(Republicans Lost Lost
rule!!)
15. The Presidency of Ronald Reagan
Reagan success came from:
A coalition of neo-conservatives, who pushed for maintenance of western
democracy, and a corporate conservatives, who wanted to maintain capitalism,
remained united throughout Reagan’s presidency, which helped Reagan maintain unity
and strengthen the New Right.
He was a great public image on the television, and he retained a positive and
energetic nature, which made him admired among fellow Americans.
The “Reaganomics” was an economic system created by the Reagan Administration:
+ It succeeded in getting congressional approval for a $40 Billion budget reduction
in the federal government’s spending.
+ Led to the deregulation of many federal groups and programs including the:
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
- The Civil Rights Division of the Justice Department
- The Department of Transportation
+ The economy grew substantially.
+ Unemployment fell 8.2% by 1983
+ Inflation fell by 5%
+ The gross national product grew 3.6% in a year
16. The Fiscal Crisis
Reagan presided over record budget deficit, where the administration
accumulated the largest amount of debt in the history of the United States.
The tax cuts in 1981 were the largest in American history, which increased
the national deficit.
Military spending increased the federal budget than its cuts in domestic
spending.
To answer to the fiscal crisis, there were cuts in the Food Stamp Program,
Medicare, and Medicaid; there was also a reduction in educational programs.
Though the deficits continued to increase, the administration’s answer to
the fiscal crisis was further cuts in “discretionary” domestic spending, which
included many programs aimed at the poorest Americans.
17. Reagan and the World
Reagan began to oppose Communism, by assisting different nations
with internal affairs. Examples: Honduras, El Salvador, Grenada, and etc.
Reagan developed the Strategic Defense Initiative, which were lasers
and satellite that provide an effective against possible missile threats
from any nations (“Star Wars”).
The Cold War grew in intensity, which called for an end to nuclear
weapons buildup, which resulted in an agreement between the two
superpowers to their expansion on atomic arsenal.
Crisis in Lebanon increased, and Reagan send American Marines,
where there was a bomb in the barracks in Beirut that killed 241 troops
dead, then troops were withdrawn.
20. A m e r ic a n a nd the
W a n in g o f t h e C o ld
Wa r
21. The Fall of the Soviet Union
Mikhail Gorbachev strived to drastically change Soviet politics by
implementing two initiatives.
-The first was called glasnost(openness): which worked to remove the
repressive function of Soviet life that had existed for more then half a century.
-The second was called perestroika(reform): this worked to rebuild the
unstable Soviet economy by implementing capitalism, private ownership, and
profit motive.
Gorbachev decided to reduce Soviet influence around the world (mostly in
Europe), as it was unable to maintain it because of its unstable economy and in
1989 many communist states in Europe overthrew the communist governments
or forced it to reform.
- Not all challenges to overthrow communism succeeded as in China
many demonstrators were massacre in Tiananmen Square in Beijing.
The Soviet Union already deteriorating received the final blow when a coup
d'état occurred but failed because of public opposition, and confusion within the
military.
- Many sections of the Soviet Union declared independence, and
Gorbachev resigned so the Soviet Union cease to exist with no power.
22. Reagan and Gorbachev
Reagan was dubious of Gorbachev at first but as he ascertained
that his genuine intention was to strive for reform within the Soviet
Union.
Gorbachev and Reagan met in Reykjavik, Iceland, in 1986
discussed on reducing nuclear arsenals on both sides but, were
unable to reach an agreement because of the SDI program.
After both Reagan and Gorbachev visited each others capitals
they came to an agreement on eliminating the intermediate-range
nuclear forces (INF) from Europe by signing a treaty.
- This was the most significant arms control agreement of
the nuclear age.
23. The Fading of the Reagan Revolution
There were many rumors of illegalities, corruption, and ethical lapses in the
Environmental Protection, the CIA, the Department of Defense, the
Department of Labor, the Department of Justice, and the Department of
Housing and Urban Development.
On November 1986 the Reagan Administration took a fatal blow when the
White House admitted that it had sold weapons to the revolutionary
government of Iran in exchange for American POW(prisoners of war)
Another scandal that followed was that the money gained from the
weapons sold was used to fund contras in Nicaragua.
The scandals continued for months and the aggressive reports and
publications further exposed the illegal covert activities of the government,
the series of scandals became known as the Iran-contra scandal, and this
politically damaged Reagan for good.
25. The Bush Presidency
Bush like Reagan worked together with Gorbachev cautiously to help reform the Soviet
Union, and came to many agreements.
Three years after the INF demolishment treaty both sides once again reduced their arms.
The Bush administration had a difficult time as they received a debt and a federal deficit.
Bush during his campaign promised that he would not make new taxes and that he would
also reduce the deficit, these conflicted with each other as he could not reduce the deficit
without taxes.
Bush fell under heavy pressure from Congress and the White House and eventually broke
his pledge of “no new taxes” as he significantly increased taxes as a multiyear “budget
package” designed to reduce the deficit.
The greatest domestic problem facing the Bush administration was a recession caused by
the grandiose amount of debt left by companies and individuals causing them to go bankrupt.
The recession also reached the middle class and put them in constant fear and frustration
because of the many problems like rising cost of health care.
26. The First Gulf War
Through the events that occurred during 1989-1991 the United States was in
the position of being the only true superpower as the Soviet Union and its
malignant influence dissipated along with it.
The Bush administration choose two initiatives as the superpower, one was
to reduce military strength and in focus on domestic affairs and the other was
to use force to defend its regional and economic interests.
The Bush administration took action in 1989 when it attacked Panama
(Operation Just Cause), and overthrew the current leader Manuel Noriega.
On August 2, 1990 following order from Saddam Hussein, Iraqi forces attacked
and annexed Kuwait (oil-rich neighbor), and occupied it for seven months.
The Bush administration accepted the responsibilities of leading the
campaign to force Iraq out, and Bush managed to persuade most of the major
nations (Soviet Union, most Arab and Islamic States) to help his cause.
27. Continue…
On November 29 the United Nations along with
its allies formed 690,000 troops ready to invade
Kuwait if Iraq had not left the country by
January 15 1991; they didn’t and got bombarded
for 6 straight weeks.
Iraq suffering more than 100,000 casualties
surrendered and accepted the Allies terms
causing the Gulf War to end; America suffered
141 fatalities.