The attached narrated power point presentation mentions the basic applications of Visible Light Communications (VLC). The material will be useful for KTU final year students who prepare for the subject EC 405, Optical Communications.
Marine communication refers to the exchange of information between vessels at sea or between vessels and shore stations. It has evolved from early flag signaling to modern radio technologies. Key developments include the early use of radio telegraphy using Morse code, integration of VHF radio with digital selective calling for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication, establishment of satellite systems like INMARSAT for global coverage, and adoption of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) to standardize radio equipment required on ships based on their area of operation. Modern marine communication systems aim to ensure vessels can reliably exchange information to aid navigation and quickly transmit distress signals.
Marine VHF radio is used for rescue communication by vessels at sea. It operates between 156-162 MHz and uses frequency modulation. Newer models have additional features like digital selective calling and weather broadcasts. Selectivity is the ability to receive desired signals clearly when traffic is high. Higher selectivity is needed in busy areas and provided by fixed-mount versus handheld radios. Key considerations for marine VHF radios include weather resistance, performance in high traffic, and a provider with quality products.
The High Altitude Long Operation (HALO) network is a broadband wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) consisting of HALO aircraft operating at high altitude and carrying an airborne communications network hub, with network elements on the ground.. It will provide broadband services to businesses and to small offices home offices in an area containing a typical large city and its neighboring towns. To each end user, it will offer an unobstructed line of sight and a free-space like channel with short propagation delay, and it will allow the use of low power low-cost user terminals.
The document discusses HALO, a proposed broadband wireless network using high-altitude airships as nodes. HALO airships would operate in the stratosphere, above rain but below satellites, using solar power. They would function as central nodes, equipped with antennas to provide coverage over large areas. This architecture could provide advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks in terms of coverage, cost and rapid deployment.
The document provides information about the HALO (High Altitude Long Operation) Network, which is a proposed wireless broadband network that would use high altitude platforms stationed (HAAPS) in the stratosphere to provide connectivity. Key points:
- HALO Network would combine advantages of terrestrial and satellite networks by using airplanes stationed at high altitudes as central hubs.
- The network would use multiple beam antennas on airplanes to provide coverage to ground cells over a large area of up to 3000 square miles.
- The system is proposed to provide broadband services like internet, telephony, broadcasting to customers using low-cost user terminals with minimal power requirements.
- Benefits listed are large coverage
This document summarizes marine radio communication procedures in Australia. It outlines that maritime communication stations in Wiluna and Charleville monitor distress frequencies on HF radio and do not monitor MF, VHF, or 27 MHz frequencies. Coast radio stations operated by states and territories provide HF and VHF coverage up to 200 nautical miles offshore. They monitor distress frequencies on HF and VHF 16, and broadcast navigation warnings and weather reports. Proper radio channels and procedures are described for distress, safety, routine calls, and ship to ship communication.
Marine VHF radio is one such instrument that is in use for decades to avoid collision in sea and direct vessels in the right direction. These radios are used as an aid to keep you on the right track and call for aid when in distress. These radios operate on very high frequencies i.e. between 156 MHz to 162 MHz dedicated for marine communication. For further information about marine vhf radios visit: http://www.sailradios.com/Marine-Communication-VHF-Radios-s/1825.htm
The document discusses HALO, a proposed broadband wireless network using high-altitude airships as nodes. HALO airships would operate in the stratosphere, above weather impacts, and use antenna arrays to provide cellular-like coverage over large areas. Key advantages over satellite and terrestrial networks include lower costs, larger coverage areas, and no need for complex infrastructure on the ground. The airships would be powered by photovoltaic cells and fuel cells, providing long-term stationary operation. HALO could enable new applications by providing broadband access across wide geographic regions.
Marine communication refers to the exchange of information between vessels at sea or between vessels and shore stations. It has evolved from early flag signaling to modern radio technologies. Key developments include the early use of radio telegraphy using Morse code, integration of VHF radio with digital selective calling for ship-to-ship and ship-to-shore communication, establishment of satellite systems like INMARSAT for global coverage, and adoption of the Global Maritime Distress Safety System (GMDSS) to standardize radio equipment required on ships based on their area of operation. Modern marine communication systems aim to ensure vessels can reliably exchange information to aid navigation and quickly transmit distress signals.
Marine VHF radio is used for rescue communication by vessels at sea. It operates between 156-162 MHz and uses frequency modulation. Newer models have additional features like digital selective calling and weather broadcasts. Selectivity is the ability to receive desired signals clearly when traffic is high. Higher selectivity is needed in busy areas and provided by fixed-mount versus handheld radios. Key considerations for marine VHF radios include weather resistance, performance in high traffic, and a provider with quality products.
The High Altitude Long Operation (HALO) network is a broadband wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) consisting of HALO aircraft operating at high altitude and carrying an airborne communications network hub, with network elements on the ground.. It will provide broadband services to businesses and to small offices home offices in an area containing a typical large city and its neighboring towns. To each end user, it will offer an unobstructed line of sight and a free-space like channel with short propagation delay, and it will allow the use of low power low-cost user terminals.
The document discusses HALO, a proposed broadband wireless network using high-altitude airships as nodes. HALO airships would operate in the stratosphere, above rain but below satellites, using solar power. They would function as central nodes, equipped with antennas to provide coverage over large areas. This architecture could provide advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks in terms of coverage, cost and rapid deployment.
The document provides information about the HALO (High Altitude Long Operation) Network, which is a proposed wireless broadband network that would use high altitude platforms stationed (HAAPS) in the stratosphere to provide connectivity. Key points:
- HALO Network would combine advantages of terrestrial and satellite networks by using airplanes stationed at high altitudes as central hubs.
- The network would use multiple beam antennas on airplanes to provide coverage to ground cells over a large area of up to 3000 square miles.
- The system is proposed to provide broadband services like internet, telephony, broadcasting to customers using low-cost user terminals with minimal power requirements.
- Benefits listed are large coverage
This document summarizes marine radio communication procedures in Australia. It outlines that maritime communication stations in Wiluna and Charleville monitor distress frequencies on HF radio and do not monitor MF, VHF, or 27 MHz frequencies. Coast radio stations operated by states and territories provide HF and VHF coverage up to 200 nautical miles offshore. They monitor distress frequencies on HF and VHF 16, and broadcast navigation warnings and weather reports. Proper radio channels and procedures are described for distress, safety, routine calls, and ship to ship communication.
Marine VHF radio is one such instrument that is in use for decades to avoid collision in sea and direct vessels in the right direction. These radios are used as an aid to keep you on the right track and call for aid when in distress. These radios operate on very high frequencies i.e. between 156 MHz to 162 MHz dedicated for marine communication. For further information about marine vhf radios visit: http://www.sailradios.com/Marine-Communication-VHF-Radios-s/1825.htm
The document discusses HALO, a proposed broadband wireless network using high-altitude airships as nodes. HALO airships would operate in the stratosphere, above weather impacts, and use antenna arrays to provide cellular-like coverage over large areas. Key advantages over satellite and terrestrial networks include lower costs, larger coverage areas, and no need for complex infrastructure on the ground. The airships would be powered by photovoltaic cells and fuel cells, providing long-term stationary operation. HALO could enable new applications by providing broadband access across wide geographic regions.
The document describes The Halo Network, a proposed broadband wireless metropolitan area network. The key aspects are:
- It uses a high-altitude aircraft called HAAPS operating at 16km to serve as an airborne hub/central node for a star topology network.
- The HAAPS aircraft houses an antenna array to create hundreds of virtual cells on the ground to provide service to thousands of users within a 100km radius area.
- It claims advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks like rapid deployment, high signal quality, availability and bandwidth, and lower costs.
UNISOL CATV (originally "community antenna television,") is more commonly known as "cable TV." cable TV is an increasingly popular way to interact with the World Wide Web and other new forms of multimedia information and entertainment services.
The document describes the HALO Network, a proposed broadband wireless metropolitan area network. The network would consist of a HALO aircraft operating as a hub at an altitude of 16 km, carrying an onboard network and antenna array. It would provide coverage over a 60 mile diameter area. Subscriber terminals on the ground would access broadband internet and other services through the HALO aircraft. The network aims to provide rapid, affordable broadband access with advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks in terms of speed, capacity, and cost.
This document discusses High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms (HAAPS) which could provide wireless communications services from airborne platforms like airships and aircraft operating at stratospheric altitudes. Specifically, it describes the HALO Network concept where aircraft would circle overhead at around 15 miles above ground carrying the hub of a wireless broadband network to provide internet access over a large metropolitan area. Key points discussed include the aircraft and communications payload, how multiple beams would create cellular-like coverage on the ground, and that a fleet of 3 aircraft would be needed to provide continuous 24/7 coverage. Subscriber units would provide broadband access through steerable antennas that point to the aircraft.
Marine communication devices for safe expeditiondjwent11
When traveling by sea, vessels should be equipped with radio equipment for communication. The type of equipment installed depends on the size, purpose, and destination of the ship. Most large ships and small crafts now have marine radios, including handheld VHF radios which ensure safety in deep waters. These radios allow ships to communicate to prevent collisions and call for rescue in dangerous situations.
This slide presentation introduces the Halo Network, a proposed broadband wireless network with its central node located on an airplane flying above 51,000 feet. The Halo Network aims to provide ubiquitous high-speed multimedia services to users across a metropolitan area using millimeter wave frequencies. Key features highlighted include seamless coverage, rapid deployability, bandwidth on demand, and efficient use of spectrum. The feasibility of the Halo Network is argued to be assured by the convergence of technologies across communications, with advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks.
Cellular phones, also known as mobile phones, allow users to make telephone calls from many areas without being near a landline. They work by dividing geographic areas into sections called cells and transferring calls between cells as users move around. While cellular phones provide connectivity on the go and enable communication in remote or dangerous areas, overuse has been linked to health issues like tumors and loss of memory. They also pose security risks if misused by criminals for illegal activities like hijackings.
RAJAR stands for Radio Joint Audience Research and is responsible for measuring radio audiences in the UK. It was jointly established in 1992 by the BBC and RadioCentre to provide a single system for measuring radio audiences. RAJAR collects data from a sample of over 110,000 respondents aged 15+ who keep a diary of their weekly radio listening. This data provides industry-wide metrics for advertising and is used by over 300 radio stations in the UK, including 55 BBC stations.
The document discusses the use of cognitive radios for LTE and TV white space (TVWS). It describes how cognitive radios allow femtocells to search radio channels to identify free resources and avoid interference. Cognitive radios also enable self-organizing networks (SON) in LTE by allowing femtocells to be aware of neighboring cells' power and spectrum allocation. The document further discusses how cognitive radios act as an enabler for using whitespace in the TV spectrum by finding available spectrum in the TV band. As of September 2010, there were 701 issued patents and pending applications related to cognitive radio for TVWS, with Samsung, Motorola, and Qualcomm leading in innovations.
Dolphin Automation produces a variety of wireless communication products including GPS vehicle tracking systems, GSM and CDMA fixed wireless phones, and signal boosters. GSM is a 2G digital cellular network standard developed by ETSI that uses digital circuit switching for voice calls, while CDMA allows multiple users to share frequencies through spread spectrum technology and coding. Dolphin Automation's products include Huawei GSM phones and fixed wireless terminals that deliver telephone service without wires using wireless local loops.
A presentation by Casey Wagner given at the 2007 Blandin Broadband Conference: Track II: Technology – The Infrastructure, The Applications: Understanding Wireless Technologies
Analyzing the New TV White Space Rules reviews the benefits and potential challenges relative to the newly available rules for this unlicensed spectrum, including information about the Database Service Providers and what to expect next.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mobile communications, including:
- Wireless communications can be divided into mobile communications, which requires non-tethered connectivity for roaming, and fixed wireless, which provides alternative connectivity from fixed locations.
- Personal Communications Service (PCS) networks were designed to meet needs for anytime, anywhere connectivity and initially used smaller cell sites than cellular, operating at 1900MHz versus 800MHz for cellular.
- Common digital radio frequency protocols for mobile communications include TDMA-based IS-136 and CDMA-based IS-95, which have largely replaced analog protocols.
- Mobile networking protocols like ANSI-41 and GSM MAP facilitate roaming and services between
Crsm 4 2009 Peter Anker Rspg Towards An Eu Policy For Cognitive Radioimec.archive
The document discusses the potential for cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access in Europe. It notes that the Radio Spectrum Policy Group is examining cognitive radio and its implications. The document outlines challenges with cognitive radio like sensing spectrum availability and avoiding interference. It also discusses two access models - license exempt white spot access and market based access. Finally, it proposes that European regulators introduce more flexibility in spectrum use and management to fully realize the benefits of cognitive radio.
Carlson Wireless Technologies, the global leader in TV White Space technology, has developed the FCC certified RuralConnect®, which uses UHF TV channels to provide broadband data to remote areas. This spectrum provides deep coverage for long-distant, non-line-of-sight (NLOS), internet connectivity to under-served communities over hills and through foliage. Carlson also offers a range of radio products for high-capacity data and voice delivery, including the TrailBlazer™ and LongHaul™.
This document provides a summary of a webinar on commercial TV white space solutions:
1) The webinar covered the current state of TV white space including FCC regulations and milestones, upcoming database providers, and market opportunities for applications like rural broadband, M2M, smart grid, and more.
2) Two radio partners - KTS Wireless and Carlson Wireless - were featured and their TV white space radio products were described, including specifications, certifications, and target applications.
3) Spectrum Bridge's role in the TV white space ecosystem was discussed, including their database services and partner program to help integrate radio products and connect service providers to secondary spectrum markets.
TV white space refers to vacant TV spectrum that is available for unlicensed use. It provides improved wireless coverage over existing options like WiFi by 3-5 times. TV white space signals can travel farther and penetrate obstacles like walls better than WiFi due to their lower frequency. This makes TV white space suitable for wireless internet providers to service rural and remote areas without line-of-sight connectivity.
Nasir faruk tv white spaces presentation iad2014Adrian Hall
Nasir Faruk presents on the prospect of deploying TV white space in Africa. Some key points:
1) TV white space refers to unused portions of spectrum between 54-862 MHz that can be used without interfering with TV broadcast signals. It provides an opportunity to address the scarcity of radio spectrum and lack of broadband access in Africa.
2) Africa significantly lags behind other regions in key broadband metrics like subscriptions and speeds. TV white space could help connect rural communities and drive economic and social development.
3) WaveTek Nigeria is leading research efforts on TV white space in the country through field surveys, modeling, and prototype deployments. Their aim is to help Nigeria meet national targets for internet access
Li-Fi, or light fidelity, is 5G visible light communication systems using light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a medium to deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a similar manner as Wi-Fi and Optical fiber.
Li-Fi uses visible light communication (VLC) to transmit data wirelessly using LED light bulbs. It has several advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including higher bandwidth, lower latency, and no interference with other wireless networks. Li-Fi works by switching LED bulbs on and off very fast in order to transmit digital signals that can be detected by a photodiode or image sensor. It has many potential applications including underwater communications, traffic management systems that allow cars and traffic lights to communicate, providing internet access on planes and in hospitals where Wi-Fi is restricted, and indoor navigation systems for the visually impaired. Li-Fi could also be used for disaster communication when other networks are disrupted.
This document provides an overview of free-space optical (FSO) communication. It begins with an introduction to FSO and its advantages over radio frequency and fiber optic communication. These include large unregulated spectrum, high security, and lower costs of deployment. The document then discusses the basics of FSO including components of transmitters and receivers. It outlines some key challenges of FSO such as misalignment, attenuation from weather, and atmospheric turbulence. Applications of FSO discussed include wireless local and personal area networks, underwater networks, and airborne networks. The document concludes by noting that FSO is a promising alternative to RF technology that can help redefine mobile networks.
The document describes The Halo Network, a proposed broadband wireless metropolitan area network. The key aspects are:
- It uses a high-altitude aircraft called HAAPS operating at 16km to serve as an airborne hub/central node for a star topology network.
- The HAAPS aircraft houses an antenna array to create hundreds of virtual cells on the ground to provide service to thousands of users within a 100km radius area.
- It claims advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks like rapid deployment, high signal quality, availability and bandwidth, and lower costs.
UNISOL CATV (originally "community antenna television,") is more commonly known as "cable TV." cable TV is an increasingly popular way to interact with the World Wide Web and other new forms of multimedia information and entertainment services.
The document describes the HALO Network, a proposed broadband wireless metropolitan area network. The network would consist of a HALO aircraft operating as a hub at an altitude of 16 km, carrying an onboard network and antenna array. It would provide coverage over a 60 mile diameter area. Subscriber terminals on the ground would access broadband internet and other services through the HALO aircraft. The network aims to provide rapid, affordable broadband access with advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks in terms of speed, capacity, and cost.
This document discusses High Altitude Aeronautical Platforms (HAAPS) which could provide wireless communications services from airborne platforms like airships and aircraft operating at stratospheric altitudes. Specifically, it describes the HALO Network concept where aircraft would circle overhead at around 15 miles above ground carrying the hub of a wireless broadband network to provide internet access over a large metropolitan area. Key points discussed include the aircraft and communications payload, how multiple beams would create cellular-like coverage on the ground, and that a fleet of 3 aircraft would be needed to provide continuous 24/7 coverage. Subscriber units would provide broadband access through steerable antennas that point to the aircraft.
Marine communication devices for safe expeditiondjwent11
When traveling by sea, vessels should be equipped with radio equipment for communication. The type of equipment installed depends on the size, purpose, and destination of the ship. Most large ships and small crafts now have marine radios, including handheld VHF radios which ensure safety in deep waters. These radios allow ships to communicate to prevent collisions and call for rescue in dangerous situations.
This slide presentation introduces the Halo Network, a proposed broadband wireless network with its central node located on an airplane flying above 51,000 feet. The Halo Network aims to provide ubiquitous high-speed multimedia services to users across a metropolitan area using millimeter wave frequencies. Key features highlighted include seamless coverage, rapid deployability, bandwidth on demand, and efficient use of spectrum. The feasibility of the Halo Network is argued to be assured by the convergence of technologies across communications, with advantages over terrestrial and satellite networks.
Cellular phones, also known as mobile phones, allow users to make telephone calls from many areas without being near a landline. They work by dividing geographic areas into sections called cells and transferring calls between cells as users move around. While cellular phones provide connectivity on the go and enable communication in remote or dangerous areas, overuse has been linked to health issues like tumors and loss of memory. They also pose security risks if misused by criminals for illegal activities like hijackings.
RAJAR stands for Radio Joint Audience Research and is responsible for measuring radio audiences in the UK. It was jointly established in 1992 by the BBC and RadioCentre to provide a single system for measuring radio audiences. RAJAR collects data from a sample of over 110,000 respondents aged 15+ who keep a diary of their weekly radio listening. This data provides industry-wide metrics for advertising and is used by over 300 radio stations in the UK, including 55 BBC stations.
The document discusses the use of cognitive radios for LTE and TV white space (TVWS). It describes how cognitive radios allow femtocells to search radio channels to identify free resources and avoid interference. Cognitive radios also enable self-organizing networks (SON) in LTE by allowing femtocells to be aware of neighboring cells' power and spectrum allocation. The document further discusses how cognitive radios act as an enabler for using whitespace in the TV spectrum by finding available spectrum in the TV band. As of September 2010, there were 701 issued patents and pending applications related to cognitive radio for TVWS, with Samsung, Motorola, and Qualcomm leading in innovations.
Dolphin Automation produces a variety of wireless communication products including GPS vehicle tracking systems, GSM and CDMA fixed wireless phones, and signal boosters. GSM is a 2G digital cellular network standard developed by ETSI that uses digital circuit switching for voice calls, while CDMA allows multiple users to share frequencies through spread spectrum technology and coding. Dolphin Automation's products include Huawei GSM phones and fixed wireless terminals that deliver telephone service without wires using wireless local loops.
A presentation by Casey Wagner given at the 2007 Blandin Broadband Conference: Track II: Technology – The Infrastructure, The Applications: Understanding Wireless Technologies
Analyzing the New TV White Space Rules reviews the benefits and potential challenges relative to the newly available rules for this unlicensed spectrum, including information about the Database Service Providers and what to expect next.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in mobile communications, including:
- Wireless communications can be divided into mobile communications, which requires non-tethered connectivity for roaming, and fixed wireless, which provides alternative connectivity from fixed locations.
- Personal Communications Service (PCS) networks were designed to meet needs for anytime, anywhere connectivity and initially used smaller cell sites than cellular, operating at 1900MHz versus 800MHz for cellular.
- Common digital radio frequency protocols for mobile communications include TDMA-based IS-136 and CDMA-based IS-95, which have largely replaced analog protocols.
- Mobile networking protocols like ANSI-41 and GSM MAP facilitate roaming and services between
Crsm 4 2009 Peter Anker Rspg Towards An Eu Policy For Cognitive Radioimec.archive
The document discusses the potential for cognitive radio and dynamic spectrum access in Europe. It notes that the Radio Spectrum Policy Group is examining cognitive radio and its implications. The document outlines challenges with cognitive radio like sensing spectrum availability and avoiding interference. It also discusses two access models - license exempt white spot access and market based access. Finally, it proposes that European regulators introduce more flexibility in spectrum use and management to fully realize the benefits of cognitive radio.
Carlson Wireless Technologies, the global leader in TV White Space technology, has developed the FCC certified RuralConnect®, which uses UHF TV channels to provide broadband data to remote areas. This spectrum provides deep coverage for long-distant, non-line-of-sight (NLOS), internet connectivity to under-served communities over hills and through foliage. Carlson also offers a range of radio products for high-capacity data and voice delivery, including the TrailBlazer™ and LongHaul™.
This document provides a summary of a webinar on commercial TV white space solutions:
1) The webinar covered the current state of TV white space including FCC regulations and milestones, upcoming database providers, and market opportunities for applications like rural broadband, M2M, smart grid, and more.
2) Two radio partners - KTS Wireless and Carlson Wireless - were featured and their TV white space radio products were described, including specifications, certifications, and target applications.
3) Spectrum Bridge's role in the TV white space ecosystem was discussed, including their database services and partner program to help integrate radio products and connect service providers to secondary spectrum markets.
TV white space refers to vacant TV spectrum that is available for unlicensed use. It provides improved wireless coverage over existing options like WiFi by 3-5 times. TV white space signals can travel farther and penetrate obstacles like walls better than WiFi due to their lower frequency. This makes TV white space suitable for wireless internet providers to service rural and remote areas without line-of-sight connectivity.
Nasir faruk tv white spaces presentation iad2014Adrian Hall
Nasir Faruk presents on the prospect of deploying TV white space in Africa. Some key points:
1) TV white space refers to unused portions of spectrum between 54-862 MHz that can be used without interfering with TV broadcast signals. It provides an opportunity to address the scarcity of radio spectrum and lack of broadband access in Africa.
2) Africa significantly lags behind other regions in key broadband metrics like subscriptions and speeds. TV white space could help connect rural communities and drive economic and social development.
3) WaveTek Nigeria is leading research efforts on TV white space in the country through field surveys, modeling, and prototype deployments. Their aim is to help Nigeria meet national targets for internet access
Li-Fi, or light fidelity, is 5G visible light communication systems using light from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as a medium to deliver networked, mobile, high-speed communication in a similar manner as Wi-Fi and Optical fiber.
Li-Fi uses visible light communication (VLC) to transmit data wirelessly using LED light bulbs. It has several advantages over traditional Wi-Fi including higher bandwidth, lower latency, and no interference with other wireless networks. Li-Fi works by switching LED bulbs on and off very fast in order to transmit digital signals that can be detected by a photodiode or image sensor. It has many potential applications including underwater communications, traffic management systems that allow cars and traffic lights to communicate, providing internet access on planes and in hospitals where Wi-Fi is restricted, and indoor navigation systems for the visually impaired. Li-Fi could also be used for disaster communication when other networks are disrupted.
This document provides an overview of free-space optical (FSO) communication. It begins with an introduction to FSO and its advantages over radio frequency and fiber optic communication. These include large unregulated spectrum, high security, and lower costs of deployment. The document then discusses the basics of FSO including components of transmitters and receivers. It outlines some key challenges of FSO such as misalignment, attenuation from weather, and atmospheric turbulence. Applications of FSO discussed include wireless local and personal area networks, underwater networks, and airborne networks. The document concludes by noting that FSO is a promising alternative to RF technology that can help redefine mobile networks.
NOW A DAYS VISIBLE LIGHT COMMUNICATION IS MORE POPULAR. The visible light communication (VLC) refers to the communication technology which utilizes the visible light source as a signal transmitter, the air as a transmission medium, and the appropriate photodiode as a signal receiving component.Visible light is thus by definition comprised
of visually-perceivable electromagnetic waves.
The visible spectrum covers wave lengths
from 380 nm to 750 nm. The Visible Light Communications Consortium (VLCC) which is mainly comprised of Japanese technology companies was founded in November 2003. It increases the data speed compared to any communication
Position
LiFi uses visible light communication and LED light bulbs to deliver high-speed wireless internet similar to WiFi. It provides higher bandwidth than radio waves and can be used in places where WiFi signals cannot reach. Some applications of LiFi include using traffic lights and vehicle lights to communicate, providing internet access on airplanes and underwater, and creating safe internet connections in hospitals. However, LiFi requires line of sight and can be interrupted by sunlight or other light sources.
Li-Fi (Light Fidelity) uses visible light communication and optical wireless technology to provide wireless connectivity. It can transmit data at speeds up to 100 times faster than Wi-Fi. Li-Fi uses LED bulbs to transmit data and photo detectors to receive the flashes of light. It works by rapidly switching the LED bulbs on and off faster than what the human eye can detect. Li-Fi has several advantages over Wi-Fi including higher speeds, no interference from other devices, more secure connections, and lower implementation costs. Potential applications of Li-Fi include enabling the Internet of Things, use in secure environments like hospitals and aircraft, and industrial automation.
LI-FI is a wireless communication technology that uses visible light communication and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to transmit data. It provides higher speeds and more secure connectivity than traditional radio wave Wi-Fi. While LI-FI has advantages like providing internet on planes and underwater, it also faces limitations like inability to pass through objects and interruptions from external light sources. Overall, LI-FI has great potential and is expected to become an important part of wireless internet access in the future.
This document discusses Li-Fi technology, which uses visible light communication to transmit data wirelessly using LED light bulbs. It provides an introduction to networks and issues with current radio-frequency technologies. Li-Fi uses light-emitting diodes that can be flickered on and off quickly to transmit digital 1s and 0s. It has advantages over Wi-Fi like higher speed, larger bandwidth, and it is safe for health. Potential applications of Li-Fi include use on airplanes and in traffic lights.
The document presents on Li-Fi technology. It discusses that Li-Fi uses LED lights to transmit data wirelessly similar to Wi-Fi. The history of wireless technology and Li-Fi is explained, including its invention in 2011. Current applications of Li-Fi are in traffic lights, hospitals and airplanes where radiowaves are restricted. Challenges of Li-Fi include interference from other light sources and difficulty transmitting signals through opaque objects. The conclusion is that if developed further, Li-Fi could provide wireless internet access from any light source.
The document discusses the technology of Li-Fi (Light Fidelity), which is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It provides an introduction to Li-Fi, describing its history and how it works by encoding data into light through varying the rate of LED flickers. The document outlines some key advantages of Li-Fi such as high speed, security, and lack of interference. It also discusses potential applications of Li-Fi technology in various sectors like education, healthcare, aviation and more.
This document is a presentation on Li-Fi technology, which uses visible light communication to transmit data wirelessly. It introduces Li-Fi and how it works using LED lights to transmit data through rapid on-off pulses too fast for the human eye to detect. Key benefits are its ability to transmit data at very high speeds, its efficiency using existing light infrastructure, and its ability to transmit in places where radio waves cannot due to interference. Examples of potential uses include in hospitals, vehicles, power plants and underwater.
This document provides an overview of wireless communication technologies. It discusses why wireless communication is useful by allowing freedom from wires and global coverage. It defines wireless communication as transmitting voice and data using electromagnetic waves. It then covers typical frequency ranges used, how communication takes place, types of wireless communication including radio transmission and infrared waves. Current wireless systems like cellular, wireless LANs, and satellite systems are described along with Bluetooth, NFC, Wi-Fi and Li-Fi technologies.
Li-Fi is a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. It can provide higher speeds than Wi-Fi and has potential applications in areas where radio frequencies are regulated. Li-Fi uses visible light communication through LED bulbs that can be dimmed below the level of visibility while still transmitting data. It was coined by Harald Haas and defined by an IEEE standard. Advantages include inherent security since light cannot pass through walls and an enormous amount of available spectrum. Potential applications include security, underwater networks, hospitals, and vehicle-to-vehicle communication.
This document provides an overview of LiFi and Network on Chips (NoC). It introduces LiFi as a wireless technology that uses light from LED bulbs to transmit data. Potential applications of LiFi include use in homes, offices, hospitals and vehicles. Challenges of LiFi include issues with shadowing and maintaining connectivity while moving between light sources. NoC is introduced as a way to connect numerous processor cores on a single chip as chip complexity increases. Different NoC topologies like mesh, torus and fat tree are described that address on-chip communication and scaling challenges.
This document discusses Li-Fi, a wireless optical networking technology that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for data transmission. Li-Fi can transmit data at up to 100 times faster speeds than Wi-Fi. It provides more secure, available, and efficient data transmission without interference limitations compared to RF-based wireless technologies. Li-Fi works by varying the intensity of LED light bulbs faster than the human eye can detect to transmit digital data. Potential applications of Li-Fi include use in environments sensitive to electromagnetic interference like hospitals, underwater and aircraft communications, and location-based services.
Similar to Applications of visible light communication (20)
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the electromagnetic spectrum classification, attempts to explain the need for modulation and process of analog modulation. The material will be useful for KTU first year students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
EST 130, Transistor Biasing and Amplification.CKSunith1
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the need for biasing in transistor amplifiers and the different biasing arrangements used in transistor circuits. The material will be useful for KTU first year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
EST 200, Design Thinking in Automobile IndustryCKSunith1
The attached narrated power point presentation attempts a case study exploration of how automobile industry has benefited through the implementation of design thinking and innovation. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the construction, working and applications of bipolar junction transistors. The material will benefit KTU first year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation reviews the construction, working and applications of shift registers built using D Flipflops. The material will be useful for KTU second year students who prepare for the subject CSL 202, Digital Laboratory.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the construction, working and applications of PN Junction Diodes. The material will be useful for KTU first year students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the methods of oral and written communication which the design engineers use to communicate with the clients or the audience. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation reviews the construction, working and timing diagrams of ring and johnson counters as well as asynchronous and synchronous up, down, up/down and decade counters using popular flipflop ICs. The material will be useful for KTU B Tech second year students who prepare for the subject CSL 202, Digital Laboratory.
EST 200, Designing Triggers for Behavior ChangeCKSunith1
The attached narrated power point presentation mentions Shikakaeology,the Japanese method for behavioral change. The material will be useful for those who aspire to become design engineers.
EST 200, Communicating Designs GraphicallyCKSunith1
This document discusses various methods for engineers to communicate designs graphically, including sketches, drawings, and other representations. It covers sketching techniques like orthographic, axonometric, oblique, and perspective sketches. It also discusses design drawings, including layout drawings, detail drawings, and assembly drawings. Fabrication specifications and standards are important to unambiguously communicate a design to manufacturing. Overall, graphical communication is a critical skill for engineers to effectively convey their designs to others.
The attached narrated power point presentation mentions the different materials used for the construction of semiconductors. It offers structural and energy level explanation on the properties exhibited by the semiconductor materials. It also throws light on the structure and behaviour of a PN junction and use of PN junctions in active electronic components. The material will be useful for KTU first year students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the merits and limitations of team work in design thinking. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
EST 200, Design Thinking in a Work Place.CKSunith1
The attached narrated power point stresses the need for introducing design thinking practices in a work place. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the construction and working of RS, D, JK, T and JK Master Slave Flipflops using Logic Gates. The material will be useful to KTU second year B Tech Computer Science and Engineering students who prepare for the subject CSL 202, Digital Laboratory.
EST 200, Convergent and Divergent ThinkingCKSunith1
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the various aspects and activities in divergent and convergent thinking and the necessity of divergent and convergent thinking in the design thinking process. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation explores the implementation and benefits of design thinking at a work place. A few case studies are also included. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the principles process and frame work of design thinking. The material also mentions a few applications of design thinking. The material will be useful for KTU second year students who prepare for the subject EST 200, Design and Engineering.
This document provides an overview of active electronic components, including vacuum tubes, diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. It describes the basic workings and applications of key components such as silicon and germanium diodes, zener diodes, bipolar junction transistors, field effect transistors, and integrated circuits. Common component identifiers and symbols are also explained.
The attached narrated power point presentation explains the working of multiplexers and demultiplexers and familiarises oneself with popular multiplexer, demultiplexer and decoder ICs. The material will be useful for KTU second year B Tech students in Computer Science and Engineering who prepare for the subject CSL 202, Digital Laboratory.
The attached narrated power point (with audio) presentation mentions the constructional features, different types of inductors, their ratings, methods for testing and precautions for handling. The material will be useful for KTU first year B Tech students who prepare for the subject EST 130, Part B, Basic Electronics Engineering.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Climate Impact of Software Testing at Nordic Testing DaysKari Kakkonen
My slides at Nordic Testing Days 6.6.2024
Climate impact / sustainability of software testing discussed on the talk. ICT and testing must carry their part of global responsibility to help with the climat warming. We can minimize the carbon footprint but we can also have a carbon handprint, a positive impact on the climate. Quality characteristics can be added with sustainability, and then measured continuously. Test environments can be used less, and in smaller scale and on demand. Test techniques can be used in optimizing or minimizing number of tests. Test automation can be used to speed up testing.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!SOFTTECHHUB
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
In his public lecture, Christian Timmerer provides insights into the fascinating history of video streaming, starting from its humble beginnings before YouTube to the groundbreaking technologies that now dominate platforms like Netflix and ORF ON. Timmerer also presents provocative contributions of his own that have significantly influenced the industry. He concludes by looking at future challenges and invites the audience to join in a discussion.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
Join us as we explore breakthrough innovations enabled by interconnected data and AI. Discover firsthand how organizations use relationships in data to uncover contextual insights and solve our most pressing challenges – from optimizing supply chains, detecting fraud, and improving customer experiences to accelerating drug discoveries.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdfPaige Cruz
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
2. 2
Contents
• Introduction
• VLC Applications.
- Use of Li-Fi Technology.
- Vehicle to Vehicle Communications.
- Underwater Communications.
- In Hospitals.
- Information Signboards.
- Visible Light ID System.
- Sound Communication Systems.
- Wireless LANs.
3. 3
VLC Applications
• VLC uses the range of frequencies from
430 THz to 790 THz.
• Inherent features of VLC include high
bandwidth, no health hazard, low power
consumption and non-licensed channels.
• Applications in Li-Fi, vehicle and
underwater communications, visible light
identification systems, wireless LAN,
sound communications etc.
4. 4
Li-Fi
• In 2011, Prof. Harald Haas coined the term
Light Fidelity (Li-Fi).
• A high speed bi-directional fully connected,
visible light wireless communication system
analogous to Wi-Fi.
• Wi-Fi have the problem of interference with
other RF signals, interference with pilot
navigational equipment signals in aircrafts.
• Better solution in areas sensitive to
electromagnetic radiation (such as aircrafts,
hospitals etc.).
5. 5
Li-Fi
• Lends support to the Internet of Things
(IoT).
• LI-Fi speeds up to 10 Gbits/s, 250 times
more than speed of super-fast broadband.
• Can share the load of Wi-Fi.
• More secure than Wi-Fi.
6. 6
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
• For vehicular communication in the presence
of vehicle lights and the existing traffic light
infrastructure.
• Requires reliable reachability and extremely
low allowable latency in the vehicle safety
communications.
• VLC for cooperative forward collision
warning, pre-crash sensing, emergency
electronic brake lights, lane change warning,
stop sign movement assistant, left turn
assistant, traffic signal violation warning and
curve speed warning.
7. 7
Vehicle to Vehicle Communication
• Outdoor VLC system using Controller Area
Network (CAN) with back lights and
headlights for communication.
• Light fast in air, faster traffic control and
detection of traffic violations.
9. 9
Underwater communication
• RF waves do not travel well in sea water
because of its good conductivity, hence
VLC.
• Un Tethered Remotely Operated Vehicle
(UTROV) uses VLC for underwater
communication.
• For observatory maintenance of oceans
and deployment opportunity from the
ships.
10. 10
UTROV
UTROV for low bandwidth underwater communications.
Optical channel to a fixed
infrastructure on sea floor.
Optical channel with a ship
based relay infrastructure.
Low bandwidth underwater
communications.
11. 11
Hospitals
• Radio Interference with hospital
equipments render Wi-Fi unsuitable.
• Electromagnetic wave sensitive areas
(such as MRI scanners) to switch to VLC.
• Robot ‘HOSPI’ used for transportation in
hospitals.
• Control system enhancements in HOSPI
using VLC installed in a building and
navigational sensors of the robot.
13. 13
Information Signboards
• Signboards made from LED arrays,
modulated to convey information in
airports, bus stops and other places where
the broadcasting of data is necessary.
• Sign boards used for indications in various
locations such as airports, museums and
hospitals.
14. 14
Visible Light ID System
• As an ID system in places like buildings
and subways.
• Visible light ID system in public places,
hospitals and airports.
• Visible light ID system for identifying the
room number and its building.
16. 16
Wireless Local Area Networks
(WLANs)
• LED based visible light communication
used in setting up LANs.
• Ultra-high speed full duplex, LAN based on
star topology using LED visible light
communication to provide a speed of more
than 10 Gb/s for massive users.
• Hybrid access protocol used in the LAN,
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) for
bidirectional VLC transmission, Frequency
Division Multiplexing (FDM) for uplink &
downlink fiber transmission.
18. 18
VLC based WLANs
• Potential to be used in office buildings and
hospitals, which require a high level of
safety.
• Lighting system, white LEDs, infrared light
etc. can be used for downlink/up-link.
• High speed access for massive users.