The document provides information about the HALO (High Altitude Long Operation) Network, which is a proposed wireless broadband network that would use high altitude platforms stationed (HAAPS) in the stratosphere to provide connectivity. Key points:
- HALO Network would combine advantages of terrestrial and satellite networks by using airplanes stationed at high altitudes as central hubs.
- The network would use multiple beam antennas on airplanes to provide coverage to ground cells over a large area of up to 3000 square miles.
- The system is proposed to provide broadband services like internet, telephony, broadcasting to customers using low-cost user terminals with minimal power requirements.
- Benefits listed are large coverage
The High Altitude Long Operation (HALO) network is a broadband wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) consisting of HALO aircraft operating at high altitude and carrying an airborne communications network hub, with network elements on the ground.. It will provide broadband services to businesses and to small offices home offices in an area containing a typical large city and its neighboring towns. To each end user, it will offer an unobstructed line of sight and a free-space like channel with short propagation delay, and it will allow the use of low power low-cost user terminals.
The High Altitude Long Operation (HALO) network is a broadband wireless Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) consisting of HALO aircraft operating at high altitude and carrying an airborne communications network hub, with network elements on the ground.. It will provide broadband services to businesses and to small offices home offices in an area containing a typical large city and its neighboring towns. To each end user, it will offer an unobstructed line of sight and a free-space like channel with short propagation delay, and it will allow the use of low power low-cost user terminals.
Presentation "Mobile Communication in the Aircraft Cabin" held at the Seminar "Aircraft Cabin and Cabin Systems" 22-Sep-2004 Dresden Germany at DGLR Annual Congress
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt / German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics)
for more information see www.rudolf-appel.de/wirelesscabin/
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Competing technologies have a time-to-market advantage
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Presentation "Mobile Communication in the Aircraft Cabin" held at the Seminar "Aircraft Cabin and Cabin Systems" 22-Sep-2004 Dresden Germany at DGLR Annual Congress
(Deutsche Gesellschaft für Luft- und Raumfahrt / German Society for Aeronautics and Astronautics)
for more information see www.rudolf-appel.de/wirelesscabin/
UNISOL CATV (originally "community antenna television,") is more commonly known as "cable TV." cable TV is an increasingly popular way to interact with the World Wide Web and other new forms of multimedia information and entertainment services.
Carlson Wireless Technologies, the global leader in TV White Space technology, has developed the FCC certified RuralConnect®, which uses UHF TV channels to provide broadband data to remote areas. This spectrum provides deep coverage for long-distant, non-line-of-sight (NLOS), internet connectivity to under-served communities over hills and through foliage. Carlson also offers a range of radio products for high-capacity data and voice delivery, including the TrailBlazer™ and LongHaul™.
Drones transmitting and receiving data via Non Line of Sight communicationZack Burt
Recent FCC regulation enables new opportunities in non line of sight communications. Presentation regarding the potential for Drones to benefit from bandwidth available in the TV White Space spectrum (channels 14 through 51).
Competing technologies have a time-to-market advantage
- Many mobile operators have invested heavily in 3G systems.
Multiple technologies will co-exist as they meet different needs
Mobility may become a powerful differentiating factor when competing with DSL or Cable
Edhole School provides best Information about Schools in India, Delhi, Noida, Gurgaon. Here you will get about the school, contact, career, etc. Edhole Provides best study material for school students.
TADSummit, The MONEH Innovation Showcase chaired by James Body, Telet ResearchAlan Quayle
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In December 2021, LoRaWAN officially became the ITU International Standard for Low Power Wide Area Networks and has been endorsed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
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Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
4. INTRODUCTION
• Demand for broadband wireless multimedia network
growing rapidly.
• HALO Network is a wireless MAN.
• High Altitude Aeronautical Platform Station (HAAPS) is
the technology used here.
• It combines the advantages of two well established
wireless communication networks,
Terrestrial networks
Satellite networks
5. SATELLITE COMMUNICATION NETWORK
Here the central node is satellite orbiting around the earth
in space. They have high look angles.
Disadvantages
• Expensive
• High power user terminals
• Long propagation delay
• Complex structure
• Cannot be maintained easily
• System capacity will be fixed
6. TERRESTRIAL COMMINICATION NETWORK
It is simple wireless communication networks
used in cellular and personal communication systems. It
have low look angles.
Advantages
• Less expensive
• Low power user terminals
• Short propagation delays
• Scalability of capacity
• Easy to maintain
7. HALO NETWORK
Located at atmosphere above commercial airline traffic
and below satellite networks
Wireless MAN uses a star topology
HALO/proteous air plane is the central hub of the network
Provides many types of service
HALO aero plane is specially designed to
carry the hub devices and they are having long
lifetime.
HAAPS is the basic idea behind HALO.
10. HALO/Proteus airplane
• It is a specially designed aircraft which can carry weight
of approximately 900 Kg.
• The fuselage consists of ATM switches spot beam
antennas, multi beam antennas ,transmitters and receivers.
• A fleet of 3 aircrafts are cycled in shifts to achieve
communication above an isolated city
• Air plane maintains height in range 51,1000 to 60,000 ft.
• The cone of commerce have diameter of 100 km at the
Minimum Look Angles(MLA) of 20 degree.
• It can cover an area approximately 2000-3000 square
miles
11.
12. SPECTRUM ALLOCATION
Variety of spectrum can be utilized by HALO
# LMDS( Local Multimegabit Data Service at 28 GHz
# Micro wave point to point at 38Ghz
• HALO utilizes multiple beam on ground arranged in
cellular pattern with each cell cover more than several
square miles of area.
• Dwell time: time duration for given beam spot at a
particular cell
• Ratcheting action provide beam to beam hand over and
communication when aircraft is orbiting
13.
14. REFERENCE MODEL
With in HALO network 4 types of elements are connected,
• Customer premises Equipment(low rate terminals)
• Business premises Equipment(high rate terminals)
• HALO Gate way( interfaces to non-HALO network)
• Network control stations(control and maintenance)
3 types of signaling interfaces are there
• UNI(User Network Interface)
• B-ICI
• NNI(Network Node Interface)
15.
16.
17. SUBSCRIBER UNITS
It consist of three major sub group RF unit,NIU(Network
interface unit),and application terminals such as PC,
PSTN, video terminals
The RF unit consists of tracking circuitary,MMW
transmiter and receiver.
The NIU consists of high speed modulators demodulators
multiplexers and demultiplexers.
The L band Frequency is used as IF for communication
The connection between RU and NIU provided by coaxial
pair cables
Minimal cost and easiness to maintain
20. Schools hospital,small,large,business… etc will get
benefit of HALO.
Widely separated customers can receive same
communication as in entertainment broadcasting
Mobile telephone services,paging one way broadcasting
and satelite concentrator.
HALO PSTN interface provides services such as e-
commerce web browsing …etc
LAN ethernet bridging
Service is based on “band width on demand”,providing
efficient use of available spectrum.
Seamless large range multimedia services
Can use in marine communication system.
21. ADVANTAGES
Capacity in range(10-100)Gb/sec
Low cost easy to maintain
Easy to implement
Low power unobstructed communication
Low propagation delay
Maximum use of bandwidth
Can be connected to non halo networks
It is stabilized
It uses broad band protocols ATM and SONET
23. CONCLUSION
The HALO network can serve thosands of
subscribers within a metropolitan area,by offering
access throughout the networks signal.It has a lot
of advantages and can provide excellent service
over a wide range of area.Thus the HALO is really
a great invention in the world of wireless
communication networks.
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