3. INTRODUCTION
What is wild life census?
“The enumeration of counting of a particular species in a particular area/
habitat in a particular time as well as dividing them into age and sex classes
etc.”
5. Total count census
It involves the estimation of total population in the entire
area of the forest or protected areas
6. DISADVANTAGES
It is very difficult process when practically applying at
field
It covers larger area
Counting of smaller animal is not possible
Time and labor requirement is very high
Interpretation of result is difficult
7. SAMPLE Count CENSUS
It involves the estimation of number of animals in the entire
area within the census units from the number counted in
smaller area (sample unit)
8. DISADVANTAGES
Chances of personal bias is more
Counting results may be over or under estimation in case
of wrong selection of samples
9. METHODS
1. Road side index survey
2. Dung survey
3. Water hole survey
4. Calls for census
5. Quadrates
6. Distance sampling
7. Pug mark count survey
8. Single team block census
9. Beet or line drive count census
10. King census method
11. Sight and resight method
12. Arial survey
13. Camera spotting method
14. Song tapes
10. ROAD SIDE INDEX SURVEY
This is useful for deer antelope goat and sheep. In this
surveyor has to go along the selected path or rows by motor
or walk. The number of tracks is selected in such way that
all areas are represented properly. the speed walking should
be less than 20km/hr.
11. DUNG SURVEY
In this method, the observer has to recognize different kinds of dung
Different dung groups are identified and separated
Sample plots are lead, surveyed and the results are extra plotted
The main advantages is the decay of dun g shortly
12. WATER HOLE SURVEY
This is applicable to dry areas where limited water hole is available
Counting is done from a hided place nearer to the water hole
First preliminary survey is needed to locate the water hole
For night time full moon day is preferable
13. CALLS FOR CENSUS
In this, the observer should have the ability to recognize a different
calls made by different animals
14. QUADRATE METHOD
Sampling area is divided into small called quadrate
Suitable for sampling plants, slow moving animals and some aquatic
organisms
15. DISTANCE SAMPLING
It is widely used group of closely related methods for estimating the density and/ or
abundance of biological populations.
The main methods are –
LINE TRANSECT
A series of straight lines (track lines) is transversed by an observer. This may be
achieved in various ways, depending on the study species.
POINT TRANSECT
In this method points are selected randomly and count number of organism present at
each point from this number the population size is estimated
16.
17. PUG MARK COUNT
This is useful for lag carnivores animals such as tiger, lion etc.
Here observer should have the ability to recognize pug mark of
different animals.
18. SINGLE TEAM BLOCK CENSUS
In this sample counts are taken by actual sighting
The area of sample block should be 2km
BEET OR LINE DRIVE COUNT CENSUS
In this, a sample block is systematically covered by a group of people by walking
along a line
19. KING CENSUS METHOD
It is simple, flexible, unbiased and useful for all terrain conditions
In this, a detailed transect is laid over the entire area
The length of transect should not be more than 10km
20. CAMERA SPOTTING METHOD
The use of automatic cameras triggered by passing animals, record
medium to large mammals and terrestrial birds in the field photographs
provide objective records or evidence of an animal’s presence and
identity.
21. TYPES
Active camera type
noted only motion of animals.
Passive camera type
noted motion as well as strips
22. CAMERA TYPES
INFRA RED CAMERA
Animal friendly, take continuous shoot and produce black and white image
DIGITAL FLASH CAMERA
Provide color images, not animal friendly ( animals are terrified by flash)
23. SONGTAPES
This method is suitable for sensitive birds.
STATUS OF TIGER IN INDIA
By virtue of being the top predator, the tiger functions as an umbrella species for the
conservation of biodiversity, ecosystem functions, goods, and services in forest system of
Asia
DOUBLE SAMPLING APPROACH IS USED
FIRST COMPONENT
Ground surveys of all potential tiger
SECOND COMPONENT
Camera trapping and recapture techniques
line transect based distance sampling
24.
25. CONCLUSION
By census we can able to know the status of the organisms, habitat
distribution, reproductive behavior and number. Based o the status
different conservation strategies are used
IT HELPS TO THE CONSERVATION OF WILD LIFE
