Genomics has applications in several areas including medicine, biotechnology, clinical practice, and social sciences. Medical applications include oral vaccines using plant DNA to stimulate immunity, malaria vaccines combining DNA from different organisms, and testing drugs that target genes involved in malaria. Biotechnology applications involve creating partially synthetic bacteria. Clinical uses comprise diagnosing rare genetic disorders, studying common disease genetics, personalized medicine, gene therapy, and genome editing. Social science applications involve using genetics to study species conservation, population health, and evolution.

1. APPLICATIONS OF GENOMICS
UROOSA IRAM
2nd semester M.Phil. Microbiology

2. CONTENT
• Applications of genomics
 Medical applications
Biotechnology applications
 Clinical applications
 social science applications

3. APPLICATIONS OF GENOMICS:
• The knowledge and understanding acquired from genomics can be
applied in different settings/areas including medicines, social
sciences, biotechnology.
Medical Application:
1. Oral immunization with plants
2. Heterologous prime boost vaccine for malaria
3. Antimalarial drugs

4. 1. Oral immunization with plants:
Oral plant vaccine which use DNA and transgenes to create
surface antigens that stimulate immunity when consumed.
• It is also used to immunize humans against hepatitis B.
2. Heterologous prime boost vaccine for malaria:
DNA is taken from two organisms i.e. Falciparum and
modified Ankara virus. Two part vaccine is formed which is
expected to reduce the risk of malaria infection by up to 80%

5. 3. Anti malarial drugs:
DOX reductoisomerase is involved in the life cycle of
P. falciparum which causes malaria. So the chemicals
fosmidomycin and FR 900098 are being tested for their
targeted effects in inhibiting DOX reductoisomerase in the
body
4. Personalised medicines:
genomis allows individualized information about
a patient’s genetic makeup to direct the type of treatment
they receive.

6. Biotechnology applications
• There are several applications of genomics in synthetic and
bioengineering
• The creation of partially synthetic species of bacteria e.g the genome
of Mycoplasma genitalium was used to synthesize the bacterium
Mycoplasma laboratorium which has distinct characteristics from
original bacteria

7. Clinical applications:
1. Gene discovery and diagnosis of rare monogenic disorders
2. Diagnosis of genetic factors contributing to common diseases
3. Pharmacogenetics and targeted therapy
4. Prenatal diagnosis and testing
5. Infectious diseases
6. Personalized medicines
7. Gene therapy
8. Genome editing

8. Social science applications
• Genome sequencing to evaluate key factors that are involved in
conservation of a species
• The genetic diversity of a population or the heterogeneity of an
individual for a hereditary condition with a recessive inheritance
pattern to predict the health of a population.
• To determine the effects of evolutionary processes and picking up
genetic patterns of a specific population i.e human and animal life.

9. Genomics in plants:
• Genomic tools have been revolutionized the entire crop improvement
programmes by providing;
New strains of plants
Supply of genetic material
More effective pesticides
Improved fertilizers

10. Major areas improved by genomics:
• Major areas which have improved crops by genomics
• Tissue culture
• Genetic engineering
• Molecular diagnostics
• Molecular markers
• Development of beneficial microbes

11. THANK YOU