Topics:
1. Causes of Failures of Weirs on Permeable Foundations
2. Bligh’s Creep Theory
3. Lane’s Weighted Creep Theory
4. Khosla’s Theory
5. Application of Correction Factors
6. Launching Apron
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
Topics:
1. Causes of Failures of Weirs on Permeable Foundations
2. Bligh’s Creep Theory
3. Lane’s Weighted Creep Theory
4. Khosla’s Theory
5. Application of Correction Factors
6. Launching Apron
Hydraulic Design of Sewer:
Hydraulic formulae, maximum and minimum velocities in sewer, hydraulic
characteristics of circular sewer in running full and partial full conditions,
laying and testing of sewer, sewer appurtenances and network.
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Canal fall- necessity and location- types of falls- Cross regulator and
distributory head regulator- their functions, Silt control devices, Canal
escapes- types of escapes.
Varried flow: GVF
Gradually Varied flow (G.V.F.)
Definition: If the depth of flow in a channel changes gradually over a long length of the channel, the flow is said to be gradually varied flow and is denoted by G.V.F.
Flow in super critical state is an unstable type of flow. It has a tendency to transfer n to sub critical flow. Flow depth is small in a supercritical state. which increases suddenly while changing the subcritical state. This phenomenon sudden increase in depth of flow is called a HYDRAULIC JUMP.
The derivation of the equation of motion for various fluids is similar to the d derivation of Eular’s equation. However ,the tangential stresses arise during the motion of a real viscous fluid, must be considered
A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate (from the dutch word “sluis” ). For example, a millrace is a sluice that channels water towards a water mill. The terms “sluice gate” , "knife gate", and "slide gate" are used interchangeably in the water/wastewater control industry.
During its forward movement, the blade cuts the ground and the loosened earth collected in the body of scraper. When the scraper is fully loaded, it is raised above ground d taken to the site of dumping. The earth from the scarper is than taken out by opening the bottom of it and the earth is laid in layer of required thickness.
Pump is a mechanical device to increase the pressure energy of fluid. The pumps are used as water – handling device in construction projects. The water is required to handle for human consumption, drainage and dewatering. The liquid handled by the pumps may be water, oil, milk, sludge etc.
AN IMPLOSION IS AN EENT WHERE SOMETHING COLLAPS INWARD, BECAUSE THE EXTERNAL ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE IS GREATER THAN THE INTERVAL PRESSURE. FOR EXAMPLE, IF YOU PUMPED THE AIR OUT OF A GLASS TUBE, IT MIGHT IMPLODE.
The hoisting is the lifting of the material against gravity and maybe done with a wide range of equipments from the small hand operated simple screw or hydraulic-jack to modern high powered cranes and elevators.
Stiffness method of structural analysisKaran Patel
This method is a powerful tool for analyzing indeterminate structures. One of its advantages over the flexibility method is that it is conducive to computer programming.
Stiffness method the unknowns are the joint displacements in the structure, which are automatically specified.
When rainwater falls on the ground, a small part of it is initially absorbed by the top thin layer of soil so as to replenish the soil moisture deficiency.
A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes human excreta as well as discharge from the bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
Disasters natural or man-made can destroy lives and properties on a very large scale, often pushing nation, in the quest for progress, back by several decades, thus, efficient management of disasters, rather than more response to their occurrence has received increased attention in the country.
IMAGE INTERPRETATION TECHNIQUES of surveyKaran Patel
Image interpretation is the process of examining an aerial photo or digital remote sensing image and manually identifying the features in that image. This method can be highly reliable and a wide variety of features can be identified, such as riparian vegetation type and condition, and anthropogenic features
In engineering, deflection is the degree to which a structural element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle or a distance.
The deflection distance of a member under a load is directly related to the slope of the deflected shape of the member under that load, and can be calculated by integrating the function that mathematically describes the slope of the member under that load. Deflection can be calculated by standard formula (will only give the deflection of common beam configurations and load cases at discrete locations), or by methods such as virtual work, direct integration, Castigliano's method, Macaulay's method or the direct stiffness method, amongst others. The deflection of beam elements is usually calculated on the basis of the Euler–Bernoulli beam equation while that of a plate or shell element is calculated using plate or shell theory.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Online aptitude test management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The purpose of on-line aptitude test system is to take online test in an efficient manner and no time wasting for checking the paper. The main objective of on-line aptitude test system is to efficiently evaluate the candidate thoroughly through a fully automated system that not only saves lot of time but also gives fast results. For students they give papers according to their convenience and time and there is no need of using extra thing like paper, pen etc. This can be used in educational institutions as well as in corporate world. Can be used anywhere any time as it is a web based application (user Location doesn’t matter). No restriction that examiner has to be present when the candidate takes the test.
Every time when lecturers/professors need to conduct examinations they have to sit down think about the questions and then create a whole new set of questions for each and every exam. In some cases the professor may want to give an open book online exam that is the student can take the exam any time anywhere, but the student might have to answer the questions in a limited time period. The professor may want to change the sequence of questions for every student. The problem that a student has is whenever a date for the exam is declared the student has to take it and there is no way he can take it at some other time. This project will create an interface for the examiner to create and store questions in a repository. It will also create an interface for the student to take examinations at his convenience and the questions and/or exams may be timed. Thereby creating an application which can be used by examiners and examinee’s simultaneously.
Examination System is very useful for Teachers/Professors. As in the teaching profession, you are responsible for writing question papers. In the conventional method, you write the question paper on paper, keep question papers separate from answers and all this information you have to keep in a locker to avoid unauthorized access. Using the Examination System you can create a question paper and everything will be written to a single exam file in encrypted format. You can set the General and Administrator password to avoid unauthorized access to your question paper. Every time you start the examination, the program shuffles all the questions and selects them randomly from the database, which reduces the chances of memorizing the questions.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
2. APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC ENERGY
•The concept of specific energy finds its application for
solving many open channel problems.
•Important applications are :-
I. Analysis of flow through channel transition
II. Flow over raised channel floor
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
2
3. 1. Flow through a rectangular channel transition :-
• The width of channel can be reduce either by
suddenly contracting or gradually reducing the width of
the channel.
• The loss of energy in flow through a gradual contraction
is much smaller than in sudden contraction.
• Therefore, in actual practice the reduction in the width
of the channel is made gradual. In case the size of the
channel to be enlarged increase in width of the channel
is also obtained gradually. In both the cases, the portion
of two the channel in which the width changes gradually
is known as the transition.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
3
4. • Let us consider a rectangular channel of width b1
gradually reducing to width b2, as shown in Fig.
• Let the now approaching the transition be sub-critical(d1
> dc). For a constant discharge Q.
• The discharge per unit width in the approach channel is
• 𝑞1 =
𝑄
𝑏1
• The discharge per unit width in the throat portion is
• 𝑞2 =
𝑄
𝑏2
• Now, since 𝑏2 < 𝑏1, 𝑞2 > 𝑞1
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
4
6. •from the discharge diagram, fig , it can be observed that for
sub-critical flow when discharge q increase, the depth of
flow d decreases, hence in the transition as well as in the
throat the water surface will be lowered as show in fig.
•Specific energy at section 1 = Specific energy at section 2
• 𝐸1 = 𝐸2
• 𝑑1 +
( 𝑄 𝑏1)2
2𝑔𝑑1
2 = 𝑑2 +
( 𝑄 𝑏2)2
2𝑔𝑑2
2
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
6
7. •In the case the flow in the approach channel happens
to be super critical (𝑑′
1 < 𝑑 𝑐) the depth 𝑑′
1 is the
lower alternate depth corresponding to specific
energy
𝐸1 = 𝑑′
1 +
( 𝑄 𝑏1)2
2𝑔𝑑′
1
2 . 𝑑1 and 𝑑′
1 are alternate depths.
•Since 𝑞2 > 𝑞1, from the discharge diagram, it can
be observed that for supercritical flow now when
discharge q increases, the depth of flow d also
increases. Thus, in the transition as well as in the
throat the water surface will rise as shown in fig.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
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8. 2. Flow over raised channel floor :-
• Flow over raised floor which is also sometimes
called a hump is analyzed by using specific energy
curve. Let us consider a rectangular channel having
its bottom raised by an amount ∆z as shown in fig.
•As the channel width remains constant, the critical
depth will be some throughout.
•Let the channel be carrying a discharge Q under
subcritical flow conditions.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
8
10. •Specific energy at section 1 is,
𝐸1 = 𝑑1 +
𝑄2
2𝑔𝐴1
2 𝑉1 =
𝑄
𝐴1
•The hump of height ∆z is provided at section 2, the
specific energy at section 2 will be less by the
amount ∆z.
• 𝐸1 = 𝐸2 + ∆z
• 𝑑1 +
𝑄2
2𝑔𝐴1
2 = 𝑑2 +
𝑄2
2𝑔𝐴2
2 + ∆z
•
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
10
11. •When flow is subcritical, the water surface over the
raised floor or the hump is depressed. The
maximum height of hump will be obtained when
point 2 on the specific energy curve coincides with
the point representing the critical depth. The flow
over the raised floor will then be critical.
•In case the flow in the channel is super critical the
depth of flow and the specific energy of the
approaching flow are represented by point 3 on the
specific energy curve. The depth of flow over the
raised floor will be greater than the depth of the
approaching flow.
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
11
12. •The maximum height of hump is obtained as
• 𝐸1 = 𝐸𝑐 + ∆𝑧 𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝐸𝑐 = 𝐸 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Gandhinagar Institute of Technology : Department of Civil
Engineering
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