A sluice gate is a water control mechanism that regulates flow in channels, commonly utilized in rivers, canals, wastewater treatment plants, and mining. Various types include flap, vertical rising, radial, and rising sector sluice gates, each serving different operational needs. Historically, sluices were also used in logging to transport logs down hillsides using water to reduce friction.

1. SLUICE GATE

2. SLUICE GATE
• A sluice is a water channel that is controlled at its head by a gate
(from the dutch word “sluis” ). For example, millrace is a sluice
that channels water towards a water mill. The terms “sluice gate” ,
"knife gate", and "slide gate" are used interchangeably in
thewater/wastewater control industry.
• A sluice gate is traditionally a wooden or metal plate that slides in
grooves in the sides of the channel. Sluice gates are commonly
used to control water levels and flow rates in rivers and
canals.They are also used in wastewater treatment plants and to
recover minerals in mining operations, and in watermills.

3. THEORY:

4. OPERATION
• The term sluice gate refers to any gate that operates by allowing water to
flow under it. When a sluice gate is fully lowered, water sometimes spills
over the top, in which case the gate operates as a weir.
• Usually, a mechanism drives the sluice gate up or down. This may be a
simple, hand-operated, worm drive or rack-and-pinion drive, or it may be
electrically or hydraulically powered.

5. Flow through a sluice gate differs fundamentally from flow through
a slot in that the jet is not free but guided by a horizontal floor.
Consequently, the final jet pressure is not atmospheric, but
distributed hydrostatically in the vertical section.

6. Here the sluice gate is open and letting the water flow through in a
controlled manner under the gate.

7. This is a picture of Leonardo da Vincis drop down sluice gate in
model form. He originally created it for a water course that was
divided into short sections by use of sluice gates with drop-down
pieces. It was used to make boats go up and down the water head
created by the crosspiece.

8. TYPES OF SLUICE GATES
• Flap sluice gate
• Vertical rising sluice gate
• Radial sluice gate
• Rising sector sluice gate
• Needle sluice

9. FLAP SLUICE GATE
• A fully automatic type, which is controlled by the pressure head across it;
operation is similar to that of a check valve. It is a gate hinged at the top.
When pressure is from one side, the gate is kept closed; a pressure from
the other side opens the sluice when a threshold pressure is surpassed.

10. VERTICAL RISING SLUICE GATE
• A plate sliding in the vertical direction, controlled by machinery.

11. RADIAL SLUICE GATE
• A structure, where a small part of a cylindrical surface serves as the gate,
supported by radial constructions going through the cylinder's radius. On
occasion, a counterweight is provided.

12. RISING SECTOR SLUICE GATE
• Also a part of a cylindrical surface, which rests at the bottom of the
channel and rises by rotating around its centre.

13. LOGGING SLUICES
• In the mountains of New England, sluices were used to transport logs from
steep hillsides to downslope sawmill ponds or yarding areas. Nineteenth-
century logging was traditionally a winter activity for men who spent
summers working on farms. Water was applied to logging sluices every
night so a fresh coating of slippery ice would reduce friction of logs placed
in the sluice the following morning.[

14. MINING APPLICATIONS
• Sluice boxes are often used in the recovery of black sands, gold, and other
minerals from placer deposits during placer mining operations. They may
be small-scale, as used in prospecting, or much larger, as in commercial
operations, where the material is first screened using a trommel or
screening plant. Typical sluices have transverse riffles over a carpet, which
trap the heavy minerals, gemstones, and other valuable minerals. The
result is a concentrate.

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