This document presents a case study on the construction of a 3-row hume pipe culvert in Raisen, Madhya Pradesh, India. A group of 5 civil engineering students from NRI Institute of Science and Technology conducted the study under the guidance of their professor. The report includes details of the culvert design, drawings, cost estimation, and conclusions from the project. The students analyzed the construction of a culvert using 3 rows of 1-meter diameter hume pipes to convey runoff between two locations.

1. Minor Project Report
On
“A Case Study on Construction of 3-Row Hume Pipe Culvert on
Dhoba khedi to Dhaniya khedi ,Block- Sanchi, Distt. Raisen (M.P)”
A Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of
the requirement for the award of degree of
Bachelor of Engineering
In
CIVIL ENGINEERING
By
NEPAL VERMA (0115CE123D01)
JAI YADAV (0115CE111023)
S.M MASHOOD (0115CE111058)
ROHAN SHARMA (0115CE111039)
ABHAY P.S YADAV (0115CE111002)
Guided by Prof. Sandeep K Shrivastava
NRI INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
BHOPAL (M.P.)
Department of Civil Engineering

2. CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled. “A Case Study on
Construction of 3-Row Hume Pipe Culvert on Dhobakhedi to
Dhaniyakhedi , Block-Sanchi , Distt Raisen , M.P.”submitted by
NEPAL VERMA, JAI YADAV, S.M MASHOOD, ROHAN SHARMA
&ABHAY PRATAP SINGH YADAV in partial fulfillments for the
requirements for the award of the Degree of Bachelor of Engineering to
the NRI Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal. This record is a
bona fide work carried out by them under my guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this project report have not been submitted to
any other university / Institute for the awarded of any Degree
Prof. Sandeep K Shrivastava Mr. J.P.Nanda Dr. S.C.Kapoor
Project Guide Head Of Department Director
Civil Engineering Civil Engineering NIIST,Bhopal
Dr.Monika Vishwakarma
Principal
(NIIST,Bhopal)
DECLARATION

3. We hereby declare that the work presented in this project titled
“A Case Study on Construction of 3-Row Hume pipe
Culvert on Dhobakhedi to Dhaniyakhedi ,Block-Sanchi
,Distt -Raisen , M.P.” submitted towards completion of minor-project
in Seventh Semester of B.Tech (CIVIL
ENGINEERING) at the NRI Institute of Science and Technology,
Bhopal affiliated to RGPV, Bhopal is authenticate work and had
not been submitted to any University or Institute for any award
Place: Bhopal
Date: 5/11/2014
NEPAL VERMA (0115CE123D01)
JAI YADAV (0115CE111023)
S.M MASHOOD (0115CE111058)
ROHAN SHARMA (0115CE111039)
ABHAY P S YADAV (0115CE111002)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

4. We placed on record and warmly acknowledge the
continuous encouragement, invaluable supervision, Prof.
Sandeep K Shrivastava Department of Civil Engineering, NRI
Institute of Science and Technology, Bhopal in bringing this
report to a success full completion.
We are greatfull to Mr.J.P. Nanda , HOD of Civil
Engineering Department, for permitting us to make use of the
facilities available in the department to carry out the project
successfully. Last but not the least we express our since thanks
to all of our friends who have patiently extended all sorts of help
for accomplishing this under taking.
Finally we extend our gratefulness to one and all
who are directly or indirectly involved in the success full
completion of the project work.
NEPAL VERMA (0115CE123D01)
JAI YADAV (0115CE111023)
S.M MASHOOD (0115CE111058)
ROHAN SHARMA (0115CE111039)
ABHAY P S YADAV (0115CE111002)

5. INDEX
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITION
CLASSIFICATION OF BRIDGE BASED ON
STREAM WIDTH
TYPES OF CULVERT
CULVERT DESIGN ITEMS
CULVERTS DESIGNING STEP
TECHNICAL REPORT
DRAWING OF THREE ROW HP CULVERT
ESTIMATION & COSTING
CONCLUSION

6. 3-Row 1-Meter Dia Hume Pipe Culvert

7. INTRODUCTION
CULVERT : Culverts are structures used to convey runoff from one
side of the road to another and are usually covered with embankment
and composed of structural material around the entire perimeter,
although some are supported on spread footings with the streambed
serving as the bottom of the culvert. For economy and hydraulic
efficiency, culvert should be designed to operate with the inlet
submerged during the flood flows , if conditions permit. Cross-drain
are those culverts and pipes that are used to convey runoff from one
side of highway to another
ESTIMATION: For all engineering works it is required to know
beforehand the probable cost of construction know as the estimated
cost. If the estimated cost is grater then the money available, then
attempts are made to reduced the cost by reducing the work or
changing the specification. From this the importance of estimate for
engineers may be understood. In preparing in estimate, the quantities
of different items of work are calculated by simple mensuration
method and from these quantities the cost is calculated. The subject
of estimating is simple, nothing much to understand, but knowledge
of drawing is essential. One who understand and can read drawing
may find out the dimension- length, breath, & height etc.
In preparing an estimate one has to go in to details of each
items, big or small, nothing can be left or missed.
Accuracy in estimate is very important, if estimate is
exceeded is becomes a very difficult problem for engineers to
explain to account for and arrange for the additional money.
Inaccuracy in preparing estimate, omission of items, change in
designs improper rates etc.

8. DEFINITION
Backwater : Constriction of flow causes a rise in the normal water
surface elevation upstream of the constriction. The magnitude of the rise,
in feet, is called backwater.
Barrel control: Barrel control for culvert hydraulics exists when the rise
of headwater at the culvert inlet is greater than the rise from inlet or outlet
control. This rise in headwater from barrel control can be a combination
of barrel roughness, length, and restriction. Barrel control is rarely the
control of headwater. Since the head loss due to roughness in the barrel
is normally not as great as inlet head loss, the effect of barrel roughness is
included as part of outlet control.
Critical depth :Critical depth can best be illustrated as the depth of
water at the culvert outlet under outlet control at which water flows are
not influenced by backwater forces. Critical depth is the depth at which
specific energy of a given flow rate is at a minimum. For a given
discharge and cross-section geometry, there is only one critical depth
Energy grade line : The energy grade line represents the total energy
at any point along the culvert barrel.
Free outlets : Free outlets are outlets with a tailwater equal to or lower
than critical depth. For culverts having free outlets, lowering of the
tailwater has no effect on the discharge or the backwater profile upstream
of the tailwater.
Headwater : The vertical distance from the culvert invert (flow line) at
the culvert entrance to the water surface elevation of the upstream
channel.
Hydraulic grade line : The hydraulic grade line is the depth to
which water would rise invertical tubes connected to the sides of a culvert
barrel. In a full flow, the energy grade line and the hydraulic grade line
are parallel lines separated by the velocity head, except at the inlet and
the outlet.

9. Improved inlets : Flared, improved, or tapered inlets indicate a
special entrance condition that decreases the amount of energy needed to
pass the flow through the inlet and, thus increases the capacity of culverts
at the inlet.
Inlet control : With inlet control, the cross-sectional area of the
culvert barrel, inlet geometry, and the amount of headwater or ponding at
the entrance are the controlling design factors.
Invert : Invert refers to the inside bottom of the culvert.
Normal flow : Normal flow occurs in the channel reach when the
discharge, velocity, and depth of flow do not change throughout the
reach. The water surface profile and channel bottom slope will be
parallel. This type of flow will be approximated in a culvert operating on
a steep slope, provided the
culvert is sufficiently long.
Outlet control : Outlet control involves the additional considerations
over inlet control of the elevation of the tailwater, slope, roughness, and
length of the culvert.
Steep and mild slope:A steep-slope culvert operation is where the
computed critical depth is greater than the computed uniform depth. A
mild-slope culvert operation is where critical depth is less than uniform.
Submerged inlets : Submerged inlets are those inlets having a
headwater greater than 1.2 times the diameter of the culvert or barrel
height.
Submerged outlets : Partially submerged outlets are outlets with
tailwater that is higher than critical depth and lower than the height of the
culvert. Submerged outlets are outlets having tailwater elevation higher
that the soffit (crown) of the culvert.
Tailwater :The water depth from the culvert invert at the outlet to the
water surface in the outlet swale or channel.
Uniform flow : Uniform flow is flow in a prismatic channel of
constant cross-section having a constant discharge, velocity, and depth of
flow throughout the reach. This type of flow will exist in a culvert
operating on a steep slope, provided the culvert is sufficiently long.

10. Classification of Bridge Based on
Stream Width
· If Stream width is upto 10meter => Culvert
· If Stream width is upto 10-30meter => Minor
Bridge
· If Stream Width is above 30meter => Major
Bridge

11. Types of culvert
· Hume Pipe Culvert
· Box Culvert
· Arch Culvert
· Slab Culvert

12. # Hume Pipe Culvert
Hume Pipe Culverts provide low clearance,
openings suitable for large waterways, and are
more aesthetic. They may also provide a greater
hydraulic advantage to fishes at low flows and
require less road fill.

14. # Box Culvert
Box culverts are used to transmit water during brief
runoff periods. These are usually used by wildlife
because they remain dry most of the year. They can
have an artificial floor such as concrete. Box
culverts generally provide more room for wildlife
passage than large pipe culverts. Box culverts are
usually made up of Reinforced Concrete (RCC

16. # Arch Culvert
A pipe arch culvert is a round culvert reshaped to
allow a lower profile while maintaining flow
characteristics. It is good for installations with
shallow cover.
Materials used for arch culverts are RCC,
Corrugated Metal or Stone Masonry.

18. # Slab Culvert
Slab culvert are used where the total load acting on
it very large. In this case a slab culvert is used.
It has a very large load carrying capacity as
compared to pipe and box culvert

19. Culvert Design Items
The following should be considered for all culvert designs where
applicable:
1. Engineering aspects
a. flood frequency
b. velocity limitations
c. buoyancy protection
2. Site criteria
a. length and slope
b. debris and siltation control
c. culvert barrel bends
d. ice buildup
3. Design limitations
a. headwater limitations(see Section 2A-1)
b. tailwater conditions
c. storage –temporary or permanent
4. Design options
a. culvert inlets
b. inlets with headwalls
c. wingwalls and aprons
d. improved inlets
e. material selection
f. culvert skews
g. culvert sizes and shapes
h. twin pipe separations (vertical and horizontal)
i. culvert clearances
5. Related designs
a. weep holes
b. outlet protection
c. erosion and sediment control
d. environmental considerations

20. e. facewall
Culvert Designing Step
1. Determine the Horizontal Distance
2. Determine the Required Pipe Size
3. Determine the Energy Loss Gradient
•
With the full pipe flow impending, the
energy loss gradient can be estimated by
the Manning equation for open-channel flow
4. Determine the Critical Slope
•
For critical flow, the Froude number is equal to unity:
•

21. For circular pipes, the following definitions apply:
D
5. Determine the Minimum Upstream Pipe Slope
6. Determine the Downstream Pipe Slope
7. Determine the Pipe Lengths
8. Specify Inlet and Outlet Types
9. Specify Collar Placement and Size

22. TECHNICAL REPORT of a
CaseStudy on A Construction of Hume Pipe Culvert
1 Name of Work :- A Case Study on C D Works on Gravel
Road Dhoba Khedi To Dhaniya Khedi
2 Village :- Dhobakhedi
3 Gram Panchayat :- Chirholi 2
4 Janpad Panchayat :- Sanchi
5 Estimate Cost :- 6.10 Lakh
6 Technical Sanction :- E.E.R.E.S Raisen
9 Administration Sanction :- Collector Raisen
10 Specification :- As per Estimate
11 Provision :- Three Row Hose Pipe Culvert
12 Rate :- Government of MP Panchayat & Rural
Development RES SOR inforce From
12April2014

23. Drawing of Three Row HP Culvert

24. ESTIMATION & COSTING
Detailed Estimation :
Detailed estimate is an accurate estimate and consists
of working out the quantities of each item of works, and working the
cost. The dimensions, length, breadth and height of each item are
taken out correctly from drawing and quantities of each item are
calculated, and abstracting and billing are done.
The detailed estimate is prepared in two stages:
Details of measurement and calculation of quantities.
The details of measurements of each item of work are taken
out correctly from plan and drawing and quantities under each item
are calculated in a tabular form named as details of measurement
form.
Abstract of estimated cost:
The cost of each item of work is calculated in a tabular
form the quantities already computed and total cost is worked out in
abstract estimate form. The rates of different items of work are taken
as per schedule of rates or current workable rates for finished item of
work.
.

25. CONCLUSION
• Use culverts as wide as stream width
• Use same gradient as stream channel
• Use same alignment as stream channel
• Single large culvert is better for debris
passage than several small ones
• Flared ends improve efficiency