The document discusses the drainage system for buildings, emphasizing its role in efficiently discharging domestic sewage into public sewers. It outlines the components of the system, including various types of pipes, traps, and their functions to maintain sanitary conditions and prevent foul gas entry. Additionally, different types of traps are classified and their specific uses in managing waste water from kitchens and bathrooms are explained.

1. ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT
SUBJECT :- ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING
DRAINAGE SYSTEM FOR BUILDING AND TRAPS

2. HOUSE DRAINAGE
 A building is provided with a drainage system to discharge effectively the sewage
of the building into the public sewer. Domestic sewage from a building includes
human excreta as well as discharge from bathroom, kitchen, etc. and collected by
building sewers and finally discharged into the public sewer.
 Aims of house drainage :
 To maintain healthy conditions in the building.
 To dispose off waste water as early and quickly as possible.
 To avoid the entry of foul gases from the sewer or the septic tank
 To facilitate quick removal of foul matter, e.g. human excreta.
 To collect and remove waste matters systematically.

3.  Sewage :- The liquid waste from the community. It includes discharge from
bathrooms, kitchens, wash areas, urinals, industrial waste and storm water.
 Sullage :- The waste waters from bathrooms, kitchen, washing areas, etc.
 Sewerage :- The entire science of collecting and carrying sewage by water carriage
system through sewers, is known as sewerage.
 Waste water :- The term waste water is now increasingly used in place of sewage.
Waste water includes both organic and mineral matter carried through liquid media.
 Sewer :- An underground pipe or conduit which carries sewage is called sewer.
Sanitary Drainage System

4.  Waste Pipe :- It is the pipe carrying discharges from bathroom, kitchen, sinks,
etc.
 Soil pipe :- It is the pipe carrying sewage from urinal, water closets, etc.
 Vent Pipe :- The pipe installed for the purpose of ventilation is known as vent
pipe.
 Trap :- a fitting or device designed and constructed to provide, when properly
vented, a liquid seal which prevents the backflow of foul air or methane gas
without materially affecting the flow of sewage or wastewater through it.

5.  House/Building Drain :- Part of the lowest horizontal piping of a plumbing
system which receives the discharges from the soil, waste and other drainage
pipes inside of a building and conveys it to the house sewer outside of the
building.
 House/Building Sewer :- extends from the house drain at a point 0.60 meters
from the outside face of the foundation wall of a building to the junction with the
street sewer or to any point of discharge, and conveying the drainage of one
building site.

6. TRAPS
 The device which is connected at the end of soil pipe or waste pipe to stop the
entry of foul gases inside the building is known as trap. It is a bent pipe in the
shape of ‘u’ which always remain full of water.
 The vertical distance between the crown and the dip of the trap is known as water
seal. This portion always remains full of water. Generally, the water seal varies
from 75mm to 100mm. Water seal is required to prevent the entry of foul gases in
the building from the drains.

7.  REQUIREMENTS OF A GOOD TRAPS :-
 Non-absorbent material
 Adequate water seal at all times
 Surface of all the sides are should have smooth finish so that dirt, etc. does not
stick to it.
 It should be free from any inside projections, angles, contraction, so that flow is
not obstructed.
 It should be self cleaning.
 Simple in construction, cheap and readily.

8.  Classification of traps :-
 Bases on shape :-
 P-trap
 Q-trap
 S-trap
 Based on use :-
 Nahni trap
 Gully trap
 Intercepting trap

9. NAHNI TRAP/FLOOR TRAP
 This trap is provided in the floor to collect
waste water from kitchen, washbasin, sink and
bathroom etc. These are available in cast iron or
UPVC material and have removable grating
(JALI) on the top of the trap. The minimum
depth of water seal should be 50 mm.
 A removable C.I. grating is provided on the top
of the trap to prevent the entry of coarse solid
matter into the drain. The water seal of the trap
prevents the entry of foul gases of sewer line
into bathrooms or kitchen.

10. GULLY TRAP
 There are special types of traps which
disconnect Sullage drain from main
drainage system. A well designed gully
trap serve two or three connections from
the Nahni traps.
 A gully is usually made of stoneware and
C.I. grating is provided at its top. A gully
trap is fitted inside a masonry chamber and
a water seal of 60 to 70 mm is provided.

11. INTERCEPTING TRAPS
 The intercepting trap is also known
as disconnecting trap or interceptor.
It is provided at the junction of
house drain with the public sewer or
septic tank. It is thus provided in the
last manhole of the house drainage
system.
 The domestic sewage is carried by
the pipeline and allowed to fall in
the semi circular open channel
within the manhole . Then the
sewage flows to the main sewer
through the intercepting trap.

12. GREASE TRAPS
This trap is a device to collect the
grease contents of waste and can be
cleaned from the surface. This is
generally used in food processing
unit. Generally used in restaurants to
avoid blockage of drain.