IP specifies the format of packets, also called #datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
If you want to purchase the content e-mail me on dulith1989@gmail.com
IP specifies the format of packets, also called #datagrams, and the addressing scheme. Most networks combine IP with a higher-level protocol called Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), which establishes a virtual connection between a destination and a source.
If you want to purchase the content e-mail me on dulith1989@gmail.com
Overview of the FTP protocol.
In the early days of the Internet, applications were mostly restricted to mail transfer (email) and file transfer. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the first standardized protocols for exchanging binary and text files between hosts.
FTP is rather simple in that it uses a TCP connection for exchanging commands and a data transfer TCP connection for the actual file transfer.
In normal FTP operation, the client opens the control connection to the FTP server while it is up to the server to open data connections for each file transfer. With the upcoming firewalls, this scheme proved to pose a problem since firewalls tend to block incoming TCP connections. Thus a passive mode was defined where the client is responsible to open the data connection to the server.
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Overview of the FTP protocol.
In the early days of the Internet, applications were mostly restricted to mail transfer (email) and file transfer. FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is one of the first standardized protocols for exchanging binary and text files between hosts.
FTP is rather simple in that it uses a TCP connection for exchanging commands and a data transfer TCP connection for the actual file transfer.
In normal FTP operation, the client opens the control connection to the FTP server while it is up to the server to open data connections for each file transfer. With the upcoming firewalls, this scheme proved to pose a problem since firewalls tend to block incoming TCP connections. Thus a passive mode was defined where the client is responsible to open the data connection to the server.
Protocols And IP suite PPT
Contents are
History
TCP/IP Suite Layer
a} Network Interface
b} Internet Layer
c} Transport Layer
d} Application Layer
3.Comparison of OSI and IP
Aplication and Transport layer- a practical approachSarah R. Dowlath
This presentation was done for a Networking course. It really shows from a more practical standpoint how the application layer and the transport layer communicates with each other and operates on a whole to get the job done. It gives the reader more insight of how the pieces come together in an IT networking world.
Packet Analysis - Course Technology Computing Conference
Presenter: Lisa Bock - Pennsylvania College of Technology
Most network administrators are well-versed in hardware, applications, operating systems, and network analysis tools. However, many are not trained in analyzing network traffic. Network administrators should be able to identify normal network traffic in order to determine unusual or suspicious activity. Network packet analysis is important in order to troubleshoot congestion issues, create firewall and intrusion detection system rules, and perform incident and threat detection. This hands-on presentation will review fundamental concepts necessary to analyze network traffic, beginning with an overview of network analysis, then a review the TCP/IP protocol suite and LAN operations. Participants will examine packet captures and understand the field values of the protocols and as to what is considered normal behavior, and then examine captures that show exploits, network reconnaissance, and signatures of common network attacks. The program will use Wireshark, a network protocol analyzer for Unix and Windows, to study network packets, look at basic features such as display and capture filters, and examine common protocols such as TCP, HTTP, DNS, and FTP. Time permitting, the presentation will provide suggestions on how to troubleshoot performance problems, conduct a network baseline, and how to follow a TCP or UDP stream and see HTTP artifacts. Participants should have a basic knowledge of computer networking and an interest in the subject.
-Definition of Information Security
-Evolution of Information Security
-Basics Principles of Information Security
-Critical Concepts of Information Security
-Components of the Information System
-Balancing Information Security and Access
-Implementing IT Security
-The system Development Life cycle
-Security professional in the organization
Cloud and Virtualization (Using Virtualization to form Clouds)Rubal Sagwal
-Cloud
-Underlying technology pieces from which cloud computing -Infrastructure is built
-Characteristics of Cloud
-Types of cloud services (SaaS, IaaS and PaaS)
-Cloud deployment models
-Virtualization
-Using Virtualization to form Clouds
Entity type
Entity sets
Attributes and keys
Relationship model
Mapping Constraints
The ER Model
Cardinality Constraints
Generalization, Specialization and Aggregation
ER Diagram & Database design with the ER Model
Introduction
Relational Model
Concepts
Characteristics
Database Models, Client-Server Architecture, Distributed Database and Classif...Rubal Sagwal
Introduction to Data Models
-Hierarchical Model
-Network Model
-Relational Model
-Client/Server Architecture
Introduction to Distributed Database
Classification of DBMS
Overview of Data Base Systems Concepts and ArchitectureRubal Sagwal
Data
Data Hierarchy
Introduction of Database
DBMS
Characteristics of database approach
Advantages of DBMS
Data models
Schemas, Three schema architecture:
-The external level
-The conceptual level and
-The internal level.
Data Independence
Database languages and Interfaces
Roles of Database Administrator
Principles of Virtualization - Introduction to Virtualization Software Rubal Sagwal
Introduction to virtualization Software:
-Introduction to Vsphere
-ESXi
- Types of Hyper-visor
-VCenter Server
-Vsphere client
-Introduction to HYPER-V.
Prepare and Manage Remote Applications through Virtualization Rubal Sagwal
Prepare and manage remote applications:
-Configuring application sharing
-Package applications for deployment by using RemoteApp
-Installing and configuring the RD Session Host Role Service on the server
Managing Virtual Hard Disk and Virtual Machine ResourcesRubal Sagwal
Managing Virtual Hard Disk and Virtual Machine Resources:
-Creating and managing virtual hard disks
-Configuring virtual machine resources including network resources
-Preparing host machines
-Create, deploy, and maintain images.
Configure and Manage Virtualization on different Platforms Rubal Sagwal
Configure and Manage Virtualization on different Platforms:
-Configure the BIOS to support hardware virtualization
-Install and configure Windows Virtual PC
-Installing Windows Virtual PC on various platforms (32-bit, 64-bit)
Virtualization Uses - Server Consolidation Rubal Sagwal
Server Consolidation.
Why do we need Server Consolidation and what are the outcomes?
Benefits of Server consolidation
How to do server consolidation?
Server product architecture:
1. Virtual Machine
2. Guest OS
3. Host OS
What are server consolidation consideration?
Types of server consolidation.
Benefits of VMware over Server Consolidation.
VMware infrastructure.
Disaster recovery and backup plan.
Basics of Virtualization:
What is Virtual and Virtualization?
Why do we need Virtualization?
Benefits of Virtualization.
Before and after Virtualization.
How Virtualization works?
Virtual Machines.
VMware
Types of Virtualization:
1. Server Virtualization
2. Storage virtualization
3. I/O virtualization
4. Network virtualization
5. Client virtualization
6. Desktop virtualization
7. Application Virtualization
Network Topology and Transmission MediaRubal Sagwal
Network Topology, Star topology, ring topology, bus topology, mesh topology. Transmission media. Guided and Unguided transmission media. Wired and wireless medium.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Kubernetes & AI - Beauty and the Beast !?! @KCD Istanbul 2024Tobias Schneck
As AI technology is pushing into IT I was wondering myself, as an “infrastructure container kubernetes guy”, how get this fancy AI technology get managed from an infrastructure operational view? Is it possible to apply our lovely cloud native principals as well? What benefit’s both technologies could bring to each other?
Let me take this questions and provide you a short journey through existing deployment models and use cases for AI software. On practical examples, we discuss what cloud/on-premise strategy we may need for applying it to our own infrastructure to get it to work from an enterprise perspective. I want to give an overview about infrastructure requirements and technologies, what could be beneficial or limiting your AI use cases in an enterprise environment. An interactive Demo will give you some insides, what approaches I got already working for real.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
4. DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)
• Mapping Physical to Logical Address – sometimes host
knows its physical address, but needs to know its logical
address.
• Cases –
• Sometimes host moves from one physical network to another
network.
• Host wants a temporary IP address.
• Why DHCP – because other address resolution protocols are
static in nature.
• DHCP provide static and dynamic address allocation that can
be manual or automatic.
ADAD 4
5. Contd..
DHCP
• Static Address Allocation: Any client can request a
static address from a DHCP server.
• A DHCP server has a database that statically binds the
physical addresses to IP addresses.
• Dynamic Address Allocation: needed – when a host
moves from network to network or connected and
disconnected from a network.
• DHCP has a second database – which has pool of available IP
addresses.
• Second DB make it dynamic.
• When a DHCP client requests a temporary IP address, the
DHCP server goes to the pool of available (unused) IP
addresses and assigns an IP address for a limited period of
time.
ADAD 5
6. Contd..
DHCP
• Dynamic Address Allocation:
• When a DHCP client sends a request to DHCP server –
the server first checks its static database.
• If an entry with the requested physical address exist in
the static data base – the permeant IP address of the
client is returned.
• If entry doesn’t exist in the static database – the server
select an IP address from the available pool – assign the
address to the client – adds to dynamic table.
ADAD 6
8. Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
• Http used – to access data on world wide web.
• WWW -> collection of web sites -> collection of web
pages -> HTML pages -> Data <- accessed by browser <-
client.
• Http function with – FTP and SMTP.
• Similar to ftp – transfer files and uses the services of
TCP.
• Http messages are not designed to read by human –
read and interpreted by the Http server and client.
• Port number over TCP – well known port 80.
ADAD 8
13. Contd…
Request and Status Line of Http
5. Header:
1. General header – general info like date etc.
2. Request header – client configuration.
3. Response header – server’s configuration.
4. Entity header – info about the body of the document.
Request message can contain only general, request
and entity header.
Response message can contain general, response
and entity header.
ADAD 13
16. Contd…
Request and Status Line of Http – Response Header
ADAD 16
6. Body: contain the document to be sent.
17. HTTPS
• Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) is the
secure version of HTTP – the protocol over which
data is sent between your browser and the website
that you are connected to.
• The 'S' at the end of HTTPS stands for 'Secure’.
• It means all communications between your
browser and the website are encrypted.
• HTTPS is often used to protect highly confidential
online transactions like online banking and online
shopping order forms.
ADAD 17
19. How does HTTPS
• HTTPS pages typically use one of two secure
protocols to encrypt communications - SSL (Secure
Sockets Layer) or TLS (Transport Layer Security).
• Both the TLS and SSL protocols use what is known
as an 'asymmetric' Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
system.
• An asymmetric system uses two 'keys' to encrypt
communications, a 'public' key and a 'private' key.
• Anything encrypted with the public key can only be
decrypted by the private key and vice-versa.
ADAD 19
20. How does HTTPS
• When you request a HTTPS connection to a webpage, the
website will initially send its SSL certificate to your browser.
• This certificate contains the public key needed to begin the
secure session.
• Based on this initial exchange, your browser and the
website then initiate the 'SSL handshake’.
• The SSL handshake involves the generation of shared secrets
to establish a uniquely secure connection between yourself
and the website.
• When a trusted SSL Digital Certificate is used during
a HTTPS connection, users will see a padlock icon in the
browser address bar. When an Extended Validation
Certificate is installed on a web site, the address bar will
turn green.
ADAD 20
22. File Transfer Protocol
• File Transfer – from one computer to another –
most common task.
• FTP – standard mechanism provided by TCP/IP for
copying a file from one host to another.
• Why FTP –
• Two systems may have different ways to represent text
and data.
• Two systems may have different directory structures.
• Different formats, etc.
ADAD 22
23. Contd…
FTP
• FTP uses well-known TCP ports :
• Well-known port 20 – data connection.
• Well-known port 21 – control connection.
ADAD 23
24. Contd…
FTP
• Control Connection – remains connected during the
entire interactive FTP session.
• Data Connection – opened and then closed for
each file transferred.
• While the control connection is open – the data
connection can be opened and closed multiple
times.
ADAD 24
25. Contd…
FTP – Communication over Control Connection
ADAD 25
• Uses 7- bit ASCII character set.
• Communication is achieved through Command and
Response.
• Each line is terminated with a two-character end-
of-line token.
26. Contd…
FTP – Communication over Data Connection
ADAD 26
• A file is copied form the server to the client –
retrieving a file – done under the supervision of
the RETR command.
• A file is copied form the client to the server –
storing a file – done under the supervision of the
STOR command.
• A list of directory or file name is to be sent from the
server to the client – done under the supervision of
the LIST command.
27. Contd…
FTP – Communication over Data Connection
ADAD 27
• The client must define the type of the file to be
transferred, the structure of the data and the
transmission mode.
28. Contd…
FTP – Communication over Data Connection
ADAD 28
• File Type: ASCII file, EBCDIC file or image file.
• Data Structure:
• File Structure – file is continuous stream of bytes.
• Record Structure – file is divided into records.
• Page Structure – file is divided into pages.
• Transmission mode:
• Stream mode – default mode – continuous stream of
mode.
• Block Mode – in blocks.
• Compressed Mode – if a file is big, then we can
compress.
29. Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP)
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) is a simple protocol
used for transferring files.
• It uses the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to transport
data from one end to another.
• TFTP is mostly used to read and write files/mail to or
from a remote server.
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol is very simple in design and
has limited features as compared to File Transfer
Protocol (FTP).
• TFTP provides no authentication and security while
transferring files.
• Data transfer through TFTP is usually initiated through
port 69.
ADAD 29
30. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
• Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) – secure
version of File Transfer Protocol (FTP).
• Facilitates data access and data transfer over a
Secure Shell (SSH) data stream.
• It is part of the SSH Protocol. This term is also
known as SSH File Transfer Protocol.
• SFTP was designed by the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF) as an extended version of SSH 2.0,
allowing file transfer over SSH and use with
Transport Layer Security (TLS) and VPN
applications.
ADAD 30
31. Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
• Both the commands and data are encrypted in order to
prevent passwords and other sensitive information
from being transferred over the network.
• The functionality of SFTP is similar to that of FTP.
• However, SFTP uses SSH to transfer files.
• SFTP requires that the client user must be
authenticated by the server and the data transfer must
take place over a secure channel (SSH).
• It allows a wide range of operations to be performed on
remote files, acting somewhat like a remote file system
protocol.
• SFTP allows operations such as resuming from halted
transfers, directory listings and remote file removal.
ADAD 31
33. TELNET
• Abbreviation for – Terminal network.
• TCP/IP suite protocol – proposed by ISO.
• Why Telnet – for remote logging.
• Remote Logging – accessing any application at local
site from remote location.
• Client/ server Application Program.
• Enable the establishment of a connection to a
remote system in such a way that the local terminal
appears to be terminal at remote system.
ADAD 33
34. TELNET – key terms
1. Time sharing – a large computer supports multiple
users.
• Interaction between a computer and a server – through
a terminal – combination of keyboard, monitor and
mouse etc.
2. Logging – as we know timesharing environment.
• Users are the part of the system with some right to
access resources.
• Each authorized user has an identification and a
password.
• User identification – define identity of a user that it is a
part of the system.
ADAD 34
35. TELNET – key terms
• User logging – with user ID and Password.
• At system – Password checking – to prevent an
unauthorized access.
• Local log-in – user types at terminal or at a workstation
running a terminal emulator – terminal passes character
to the Operating system.
• Remote log-in – need client and server program.
ADAD 35
38. TELNET – Mode of Operation
ADAD 38
1. Default mode – Echoing is done by the client.
• User type a character – the client echoes the character
on the screen but does not send it until a whole line is
completed.
2. Character mode – each character typed sent by
the client – to the server.
• Echoing done by server.
• Transmission delayed – because of server echoing.
3. Line Mode – line editing (echoing, character
erasing, line erasing) done by client.
• The client then send the whole line to the server.