Aphasia is an impairment in language comprehension and production caused by acquired brain lesions. Different types of aphasia are associated with lesions in specific brain regions. Wernicke's aphasia results from lesions in the temporal lobe including Wernicke's area and is characterized by fluent but meaningless speech. Broca's aphasia is caused by frontal lobe lesions including Broca's area and presents with nonfluent, agrammatical speech. Global aphasia arises from extensive perisylvian lesions and causes impaired comprehension, speech, reading, and writing.

1. APHASIA
Aphasia defined as impairment in comprehension &/production of spoken or written language due to acquired lesion of brain.
ANATOMY OF LANGUAGE AREA:
Temporal , infrasylvian including angular & supramarginal gyri (22,39,40) Wernicke”s aphasia
Frontal suprasylvian (44,45) Broca”s aphasia
Large perisylvian or separate temporal & frontal Global aphasia
Supramarginal gyrus (40) ,primary auditory cortex (41,42)or insula Conduction aphasia
Surrounding Wernicke”s area (37) Transcortical sensory aphasia
Anterior or superior to Broca”s area(watershed zone) Transcortical motor aphasia
Calcarine & White matter or callosum (17,18,19) Pure word blindness
B/L (or Left) Middle of Superior temporal gyrus (37) Pure word deafness
Region of Broca”s area Pure word mutism
Deep temporal lobe Anomic aphasia
TYPES OF APHASIA:
Types Of Aphasia Comprehension Speech Naming Reading
Aloud
Repetition
Of Spoken
Words
Writing
Spoken Words Written Words Dictation Copy
Words
Wernicke”s aphasia impaired Impaired Fluent,
Effortless,
Well Articulated
Paraphasic ,
Neologisms,
Lack Of menining.
(Jargon Speech)
Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired
Broco”s Aphasia Preserved Preserved Nonfluent,
Effortful,
Agrammtical.
(Telegraphic
Speech)
Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Preserved
Global Aphasia Impaired Impaired Nonfluent Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired
Conduction Aphasia Preserved Preserved Fluent,
Paraphasic
Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired Impaired
Transcortical
Sensory Aphasia
Impaired Impaired Fluent,
Paraphasic
Impaired Impaired Preserved
(Echolalia)
Impaired Impaired
Transcortical Motor
Aphasia
Preserved Preserved Nonfluent Impaired Impaired Preserved Impaired Preserved
Pure Word
Blindness
Preserved Impaired Preserved Preserved Impaired Preserved Impaired Impaired
Pure Word Deafness Impaired Preserved Preserved Preserved Preserved Impaired Impaired Preserved
Pure Word Mutism Preserved Preserved Mute Preserved Impaired Preserved Preserved Preserved
Anomic Aphasia Isolated Word
Finding Difficulty
Isolated Word
Finding Difficulty
Fluent,
Prominent
Perseveration
Impaired Preserved Preserved Preserved Preserved
ADAM”S AND VICTOR”S NEUROLOGY (EIGHTH EDITION)
DAMASIO AR : Aphasia .N Engl J Med 326:531, 1992
DR.BHUVANESHWARI.R
FRONTAL
LOBE
OCCIPITAL LOBE
PARITAL LOBE
SYLVIAN
ROLANDIC FISSURE
22- Wernicke”s area
44 ,45- Frontal suprasylvian Broca”s area
39-Angular gyri
40-supramarginal gyrus
37-Middle temporal gyrus
6-Supplementary motor area
17-primary visual area
18,19 –visual association area
41,42 - primary auditory cortex