The document discusses language processing in the brain and different types of aphasia. It notes that there are four main brain areas involved in language and speech processing, divided into receptive and executive areas. The receptive areas, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus, receive and process sensory information. The executive areas include Broca's area. The document then describes six main types of aphasia that can result from lesions in different language areas, including fluent aphasia, motor aphasia, global aphasia, conduction aphasia, word blindness, and word deafness. It provides details on the symptoms and causes of each type.

1. Language and Speech
Dr. Renu Yadav

2. • There are four main areas in
the brain that play important
role in the processing of
language and speech. These
four areas are collectively
known language zone that are
present around the Sylvain
fissure (therefore, also called
perisylvian areas). Two are
called receptive areas and two
are called executive areas

3. Speech areas

4. • The receptive areas are also called sensory
speech areas as they receive and process the
sensory information for speech. They are
Wernicke’s area (area 22) that sub-serves the
perception of spoken language and the
angular gyrus (area 39) that subserves the
perception written language. Area 41 and 42
also are included in receptive areas that take
part in processing spoken language..

5. Speech
• Aphasia: It is the inability to understand written or spoken
words or motor loss of speech. It refers to a disorder of
language apparent in speech, reading & writing.
• Types:
1) Fluent Aphasia or Sensory Aphasia (wernick’s Aphasia)
2) Motor Aphasia or Non fluent Aphasia (Broca’s Aphasia)
3) Global Aphasia (Total Aphasia)
4) Conduction Aphasia (Paraphasia or minor central
Aphasia Syndrome)
5) Pure word Blindness (Visual agnosia)
6) Word Deafness (Auditory Deafness)

6. Aphasia: Types
• Fluent or Sensory or Wernick’s Aphasia: It involves both
sensory & expressive part of speech. It occurs in lesion of
Wernick’s area (Area 22). The person can not understand
spoken or written words but he can produce speech which has
no sense. Hence speech is fluent & this type called fluent
aphasia.
• Motor or Non Fluent or Broca’s Aphasia: Lesions in Broca’s
area (Area 44,45) gives this type. The individual has difficulty
in speaking or articulation of speech but continue to
understand speech. Speech is slow & speaks in a deliberate
manner using a single syntax.

7. Aphasia: Types
• Global or Total Aphasia: Results from a lesion of both
Broca’s & Wernick’s area (Area 44,45 & 22). The lesion
usually occurs due to occlusion of the left internal carotid
artery or middle cerebral artery. All aspects of speech and
language are affected. It combine all of symptoms of
sensory & motor aphasias. They cannot read, write or
repeat what is said to them.
• Conduction Or Paraphasia: Lesions in arcuate fasciculus
connecting the Broca & Wernick’s area result in conduction
aphasia in which speech is fluent, comprehension is intact
but repetation of spoken language is externally deficit.

8. Aphasia: Types
• Word Blindness (Visual agnosia): A lesion of area 39
(angular gyrus) on the left side gives this disorder. Person
can not understand & interpret written words or object.
• Word Deafness (Auditory deafness): Subject can not
understand spoken words due to lesion in auditory
association areas situated on left temporal lobe below &
behind superior temporal cortex.

9. Aphasia: Types
• Dysarthria: Difficulty in expression of speech due to in co-
ordination of speech muscles (commonly seen in cerebellar
lesion).
• Dyslexia: Inability to read known as dyslexia.
• Agraphia: Inability to write called as agraphia.
• Dysprosody: Non dominant hemispheric language deficit
that serves prepositional language (thought process of
ideas), emotional, melody, emphasis & gesturing are
affected.
• Expressive: Patient can not express emotion in their
speech (lesion from Broca’s area).

10. Aphasia: Types
• Receptive: Patient can not comprehend emotion or inflection
in speech they hear. Results from a lesion in area 39
(Wernick’s area) but located in non dominant area.

11. Visual object