This document presents a case study of a 68-year-old man with aphasia. He had two strokes, in 2010 and 2015, with the second one causing aphasia and a mild phonatory gap. Assessment results showed Broca's aphasia based on limited speech and fair comprehension. On the WAB, he scored 18.9 for aphasia quotient. Voice assessment found hoarseness and a limited pitch range. Therapy was recommended, including speech and language therapy to improve communication and vocal exercises to address the phonatory gap.
Aphasia is an impairment of language ability caused by damage to the brain, typically from stroke or head injury. There are two main types of aphasia: fluent and non-fluent. Fluent aphasias involve relatively normal speech but impaired comprehension, while non-fluent aphasias make speech difficult and halting. Specific types include Wernicke's aphasia (impaired comprehension), Broca's aphasia (halting speech), and conduction aphasia (difficulty repeating words). Damage to different brain regions causes different aphasia types.
This document provides an overview of aphasia and aphasia syndromes. It defines aphasia as an acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage. The major aphasia syndromes discussed are Broca's aphasia (nonfluent speech with relatively preserved comprehension), Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech with impaired comprehension), global aphasia (combination of Broca's and Wernicke's deficits), conduction aphasia (impaired repetition with otherwise intact language), and pure word deafness (isolated auditory comprehension deficit). Each syndrome is characterized by its pattern of impaired and preserved language functions as well as its associated neurological deficits and lesion location.
Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that impairs a person's ability to process language. It can cause problems with speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The type and severity of aphasia depends on the location of brain damage, usually in the left hemisphere. Broca's aphasia involves non-fluent speech and impaired comprehension of syntax. Wernicke's aphasia features fluent but meaningless speech and impaired comprehension. Global aphasia combines deficits of both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.
This document provides an overview of aphasia, including definitions, characteristics, causes, types and studies. Aphasia is defined as an acquired language impairment caused by brain damage, characterized by difficulties with speech, comprehension and word-finding. The main types discussed are Broca's aphasia (non-fluent speech with good comprehension) and Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech with poor comprehension). Conduction aphasia involves difficulty repeating words. The document reviews several studies examining language processing in aphasic patients and the relationship between phonological and morphological impairments.
This document provides an overview of speech disorders and summarizes key information about aphasia syndromes. It defines key terms related to speech and language and describes the main language areas in the brain and their functions. The document outlines different classifications of aphasia syndromes including Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, conduction aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, and transcortical sensory aphasia. It compares the characteristics of these syndromes such as speech fluency, comprehension, repetition, and naming ability. The document also discusses paraphasias and provides a table summarizing the main features of different aphasia types.
Motor speech disorders result from neurological impairment in areas of the brain responsible for motor control of speech. They account for 41% of acquired communication disorders. There are two main types: dysarthria, which involves impaired motor execution of speech sounds from issues like muscle weakness or paralysis; and apraxia of speech, which involves impaired motor planning and programming of speech sounds. Dysarthria can cause reduced speech rate, abnormal prosody, and intelligibility deficits.
Aphasia is an impairment of language ability caused by damage to the brain, typically from stroke or head injury. There are two main types of aphasia: fluent and non-fluent. Fluent aphasias involve relatively normal speech but impaired comprehension, while non-fluent aphasias make speech difficult and halting. Specific types include Wernicke's aphasia (impaired comprehension), Broca's aphasia (halting speech), and conduction aphasia (difficulty repeating words). Damage to different brain regions causes different aphasia types.
This document provides an overview of aphasia and aphasia syndromes. It defines aphasia as an acquired language disorder resulting from brain damage. The major aphasia syndromes discussed are Broca's aphasia (nonfluent speech with relatively preserved comprehension), Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech with impaired comprehension), global aphasia (combination of Broca's and Wernicke's deficits), conduction aphasia (impaired repetition with otherwise intact language), and pure word deafness (isolated auditory comprehension deficit). Each syndrome is characterized by its pattern of impaired and preserved language functions as well as its associated neurological deficits and lesion location.
Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that impairs a person's ability to process language. It can cause problems with speaking, listening, reading, and writing. The type and severity of aphasia depends on the location of brain damage, usually in the left hemisphere. Broca's aphasia involves non-fluent speech and impaired comprehension of syntax. Wernicke's aphasia features fluent but meaningless speech and impaired comprehension. Global aphasia combines deficits of both Broca's and Wernicke's aphasia.
This document provides an overview of aphasia, including definitions, characteristics, causes, types and studies. Aphasia is defined as an acquired language impairment caused by brain damage, characterized by difficulties with speech, comprehension and word-finding. The main types discussed are Broca's aphasia (non-fluent speech with good comprehension) and Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech with poor comprehension). Conduction aphasia involves difficulty repeating words. The document reviews several studies examining language processing in aphasic patients and the relationship between phonological and morphological impairments.
This document provides an overview of speech disorders and summarizes key information about aphasia syndromes. It defines key terms related to speech and language and describes the main language areas in the brain and their functions. The document outlines different classifications of aphasia syndromes including Broca's aphasia, Wernicke's aphasia, conduction aphasia, transcortical motor aphasia, and transcortical sensory aphasia. It compares the characteristics of these syndromes such as speech fluency, comprehension, repetition, and naming ability. The document also discusses paraphasias and provides a table summarizing the main features of different aphasia types.
Motor speech disorders result from neurological impairment in areas of the brain responsible for motor control of speech. They account for 41% of acquired communication disorders. There are two main types: dysarthria, which involves impaired motor execution of speech sounds from issues like muscle weakness or paralysis; and apraxia of speech, which involves impaired motor planning and programming of speech sounds. Dysarthria can cause reduced speech rate, abnormal prosody, and intelligibility deficits.
- Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that impairs language processing but not intelligence. It can affect speaking, comprehension, reading and writing.
- The brain has specialized language modules that can be impaired by damage to areas like Broca's area in the frontal lobe, affecting expressive language abilities.
- Treatment strategies include impairment-based therapies to repair language skills, compensatory strategies using alternative communication methods, and participation-based therapies engaging family/social support networks.
1. Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder that causes difficulties in saying words correctly and consistently due to problems with planning and programming the movements needed for speech.
2. It is caused by neurological damage, often from stroke or head injury, and affects the motor planning areas of the brain rather than the muscles of speech.
3. Treatment focuses on relearning the motor aspects of speech through tasks to improve sound production, prosody, rate, and consistency of errors.
This document discusses speech disorders and their classification. It covers the anatomy and physiology of speech production, different types of speech disorders like aphasia and dysarthria, and their causes and management. Aphasia refers to language impairment due to brain damage and can cause deficits in speaking, comprehension, reading and writing. Dysarthria is defective articulation due to neurological problems, while language functions remain intact. Speech disorders are classified as disorders of language like aphasia or disorders of articulation/voice production.
Aphasia is a disorder of language caused by damage to the language centers of the brain. There are several types of aphasia depending on the location and extent of the brain damage. Broca's aphasia involves damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe, resulting in non-fluent speech. Wernicke's aphasia involves damage to Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe, resulting in fluent but meaningless speech. Global aphasia occurs when both areas are damaged, severely impairing speech production and comprehension.
This document provides definitions and descriptions of motor speech disorders. It begins by defining motor speech disorders as resulting from neurological impairment that affects the retrieval, activation, or execution of speech movements. The two main types are described as dysarthria and apraxia. Dysarthria is defined as a group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in muscle control for speech. Various types of dysarthria are outlined based on the site of lesion and perceptual characteristics. Apraxia is defined as a disorder of the planning and programming of speech movements. Causes and characteristics of apraxia are also described.
Aphasias are language disorders caused by brain damage that affect speech and communication. There are two main categories: fluent aphasias where speech is smooth but contains errors, and non-fluent aphasias where speech is halting. The most common types are Broca's aphasia (non-fluent speech with intact comprehension) caused by damage to Broca's area, and Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech) caused by damage to Wernicke's area. Aphasias are diagnosed through language tests and neuroimaging and treated with speech therapy and sometimes medications. Prognosis depends on factors like age, lesion size and early rehabilitation.
This document discusses different types of speech disorders including aphasia, dysphonia, dysarthria, and others. It provides details on aphasia including the major divisions of fluent and non-fluent aphasia. Specific types of aphasia like Wernicke's, Broca's, conduction, and global aphasia are explained. The document also covers dysarthria and dysphonia as well as other miscellaneous speech disorders.
The document discusses the neuroscience of language and how our understanding has evolved over time. Early models like Broca's and Wernicke's localized language functions but did not fully capture the complexity. Modern research uses techniques like brain imaging, ERP studies, and neuropsychology to develop new models that examine both the neural structures and timing involved in integrated language processing throughout the brain.
Speech disorders
1. Central Mechanisms:
Depending on the integration of the higher brain centers for symbolization (speech centers), mainly in the dominant hemisphere.
Lesion leads to Dysphasia or Aphasia.
2. Peripheral Mechanisms:
A. Articulation:
Lesion leads to Dysarthria or Anarthria.
B. Phonation:
Lesion leads to Dysphonia or Aphonia.
Broca's aphasia- neurolinguistics- kiran nazirkiran nazir
Broca's aphasia is a type of non-fluent aphasia caused by damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe. People with Broca's aphasia have difficulty forming sentences but generally understand speech well. They experience word-finding difficulties and make grammatical errors by omitting words like articles, prepositions, and verbs. In contrast, Wernicke's aphasia is a fluent type caused by damage to Wernicke's area. Those with Wernicke's aphasia speak fluently but use meaningless words, making their speech incoherent. Aphasia is generally caused by strokes, brain injuries or tumors, and results in difficulties with language production and comprehension
This document provides guidance on examining patients with aphasia by assessing 6 areas: spontaneous speech, comprehension, repetition, confrontation naming, reading, and writing. It describes characteristics of fluent and non-fluent speech, as well as semantic and phonemic paraphasic errors. Testing comprehension involves following commands of increasing complexity. Repetition is generally better preserved in extrasylvian aphasias. The classic aphasia syndromes - Broca's, Wernicke's, global, transcortical motor, conduction, and transcortical sensory/mixed - are outlined based on patterns of speech, comprehension, and repetition deficits and their associated lesion locations.
Dr. Surendra Ghintala presented on speech disorders. The presentation covered topics such as external versus inner speech, the central language zones of the brain including the receptive and executive areas, the anatomy of language functions, and the components and structure of language including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Classification systems for aphasia were discussed including the Boston Aphasia Classification System which recognizes eight subtypes of aphasia. Clinical features of different aphasia syndromes were outlined. Motor speech disorders including apraxia and dysarthria were also covered along with other conditions that can cause aphasia such as dialysis dementia syndrome.
Apraxia is an inability to correctly perform learned skilled movements due to a cognitive deficit in motor programming. It is broadly divided into limb apraxia and buccofacial apraxia. Limb apraxia includes ideomotor apraxia, ideational apraxia, and limb kinetic apraxia caused by lesions in the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and connections between the two. Buccofacial apraxia involves an inability to perform skilled mouth and tongue movements and is associated with left frontal lesions. Apraxia is assessed through tasks like pantomiming tool use, imitation of gestures, and performing commands.
The document discusses the parietal lobe of the brain. The parietal lobe is located towards the top and middle of the brain. It is involved in processing sensory information like touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. The document also likely discusses how the parietal lobe is evaluated through neurological exams and imaging tests.
The document discusses the neural bases of language. It describes how post-mortem studies have found no consistent results on the localization of language functions in the brain, as different types of aphasia can cause similar behavioral disturbances. Neurolinguistics studies the relationship between language, communication, and brain function by attempting to combine neurological and linguistic theories. Common neurolinguistic studies examine language and communication after brain damage. The document then provides details on the anatomy and structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-brain barrier that protect the brain.
این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
Agnosia is a rare neurological disorder where a patient is unable to recognize and identify objects, sounds, or people despite having normal sensory functions. There are two main types - apperceptive agnosia caused by deficits in early perceptual processing, and associative agnosia where recognition fails despite intact perception. Agnosia most commonly affects the visual or auditory senses. It is caused by conditions like strokes, tumors, or injuries. Diagnosis involves examinations to rule out other cognitive issues, and management focuses on treatment of the underlying cause along with rehabilitation therapy.
Join Ellayne S. Ganzfried, M.S.,CCC-SLP, ASHA Fellow and Executive Director of the National Aphasia Association, Chris Kelly, MEd Director of Learning and Development with Griswold Home Care, and a person living with Aphasia, for this exciting presentation recognizing National Aphasia Awareness Month. This engaging presentation will highlight innovative assistive technologies while also providing a Fight Aphasia Toolkit with tools and resources for people living with Aphasia and the family/professional caregivers who support them.
- Aphasia is the loss of ability to communicate through speech and understanding, usually caused by poor brain blood flow. It affects areas like Wernicke's area, involved in language understanding, and Broca's area, involved in speech production.
- Wernicke's aphasia results in fluent but meaningless speech, while Broca's aphasia causes non-fluent, labored speech.
- Aphasia is diagnosed through evaluations by professionals like speech therapists, neurologists, and psychologists. Treatment requires multidisciplinary rehabilitation to stimulate language and compensate lost functions.
Communication disorders with it's implications and it's management
Defined communication processes.
Have any doubt any lacking please drop in comment box
- Aphasia is an acquired communication disorder that impairs language processing but not intelligence. It can affect speaking, comprehension, reading and writing.
- The brain has specialized language modules that can be impaired by damage to areas like Broca's area in the frontal lobe, affecting expressive language abilities.
- Treatment strategies include impairment-based therapies to repair language skills, compensatory strategies using alternative communication methods, and participation-based therapies engaging family/social support networks.
1. Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder that causes difficulties in saying words correctly and consistently due to problems with planning and programming the movements needed for speech.
2. It is caused by neurological damage, often from stroke or head injury, and affects the motor planning areas of the brain rather than the muscles of speech.
3. Treatment focuses on relearning the motor aspects of speech through tasks to improve sound production, prosody, rate, and consistency of errors.
This document discusses speech disorders and their classification. It covers the anatomy and physiology of speech production, different types of speech disorders like aphasia and dysarthria, and their causes and management. Aphasia refers to language impairment due to brain damage and can cause deficits in speaking, comprehension, reading and writing. Dysarthria is defective articulation due to neurological problems, while language functions remain intact. Speech disorders are classified as disorders of language like aphasia or disorders of articulation/voice production.
Aphasia is a disorder of language caused by damage to the language centers of the brain. There are several types of aphasia depending on the location and extent of the brain damage. Broca's aphasia involves damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe, resulting in non-fluent speech. Wernicke's aphasia involves damage to Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe, resulting in fluent but meaningless speech. Global aphasia occurs when both areas are damaged, severely impairing speech production and comprehension.
This document provides definitions and descriptions of motor speech disorders. It begins by defining motor speech disorders as resulting from neurological impairment that affects the retrieval, activation, or execution of speech movements. The two main types are described as dysarthria and apraxia. Dysarthria is defined as a group of speech disorders caused by disturbances in muscle control for speech. Various types of dysarthria are outlined based on the site of lesion and perceptual characteristics. Apraxia is defined as a disorder of the planning and programming of speech movements. Causes and characteristics of apraxia are also described.
Aphasias are language disorders caused by brain damage that affect speech and communication. There are two main categories: fluent aphasias where speech is smooth but contains errors, and non-fluent aphasias where speech is halting. The most common types are Broca's aphasia (non-fluent speech with intact comprehension) caused by damage to Broca's area, and Wernicke's aphasia (fluent but meaningless speech) caused by damage to Wernicke's area. Aphasias are diagnosed through language tests and neuroimaging and treated with speech therapy and sometimes medications. Prognosis depends on factors like age, lesion size and early rehabilitation.
This document discusses different types of speech disorders including aphasia, dysphonia, dysarthria, and others. It provides details on aphasia including the major divisions of fluent and non-fluent aphasia. Specific types of aphasia like Wernicke's, Broca's, conduction, and global aphasia are explained. The document also covers dysarthria and dysphonia as well as other miscellaneous speech disorders.
The document discusses the neuroscience of language and how our understanding has evolved over time. Early models like Broca's and Wernicke's localized language functions but did not fully capture the complexity. Modern research uses techniques like brain imaging, ERP studies, and neuropsychology to develop new models that examine both the neural structures and timing involved in integrated language processing throughout the brain.
Speech disorders
1. Central Mechanisms:
Depending on the integration of the higher brain centers for symbolization (speech centers), mainly in the dominant hemisphere.
Lesion leads to Dysphasia or Aphasia.
2. Peripheral Mechanisms:
A. Articulation:
Lesion leads to Dysarthria or Anarthria.
B. Phonation:
Lesion leads to Dysphonia or Aphonia.
Broca's aphasia- neurolinguistics- kiran nazirkiran nazir
Broca's aphasia is a type of non-fluent aphasia caused by damage to Broca's area in the frontal lobe. People with Broca's aphasia have difficulty forming sentences but generally understand speech well. They experience word-finding difficulties and make grammatical errors by omitting words like articles, prepositions, and verbs. In contrast, Wernicke's aphasia is a fluent type caused by damage to Wernicke's area. Those with Wernicke's aphasia speak fluently but use meaningless words, making their speech incoherent. Aphasia is generally caused by strokes, brain injuries or tumors, and results in difficulties with language production and comprehension
This document provides guidance on examining patients with aphasia by assessing 6 areas: spontaneous speech, comprehension, repetition, confrontation naming, reading, and writing. It describes characteristics of fluent and non-fluent speech, as well as semantic and phonemic paraphasic errors. Testing comprehension involves following commands of increasing complexity. Repetition is generally better preserved in extrasylvian aphasias. The classic aphasia syndromes - Broca's, Wernicke's, global, transcortical motor, conduction, and transcortical sensory/mixed - are outlined based on patterns of speech, comprehension, and repetition deficits and their associated lesion locations.
Dr. Surendra Ghintala presented on speech disorders. The presentation covered topics such as external versus inner speech, the central language zones of the brain including the receptive and executive areas, the anatomy of language functions, and the components and structure of language including phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics. Classification systems for aphasia were discussed including the Boston Aphasia Classification System which recognizes eight subtypes of aphasia. Clinical features of different aphasia syndromes were outlined. Motor speech disorders including apraxia and dysarthria were also covered along with other conditions that can cause aphasia such as dialysis dementia syndrome.
Apraxia is an inability to correctly perform learned skilled movements due to a cognitive deficit in motor programming. It is broadly divided into limb apraxia and buccofacial apraxia. Limb apraxia includes ideomotor apraxia, ideational apraxia, and limb kinetic apraxia caused by lesions in the parietal lobe, frontal lobe, and connections between the two. Buccofacial apraxia involves an inability to perform skilled mouth and tongue movements and is associated with left frontal lesions. Apraxia is assessed through tasks like pantomiming tool use, imitation of gestures, and performing commands.
The document discusses the parietal lobe of the brain. The parietal lobe is located towards the top and middle of the brain. It is involved in processing sensory information like touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. The document also likely discusses how the parietal lobe is evaluated through neurological exams and imaging tests.
The document discusses the neural bases of language. It describes how post-mortem studies have found no consistent results on the localization of language functions in the brain, as different types of aphasia can cause similar behavioral disturbances. Neurolinguistics studies the relationship between language, communication, and brain function by attempting to combine neurological and linguistic theories. Common neurolinguistic studies examine language and communication after brain damage. The document then provides details on the anatomy and structures of the central and peripheral nervous systems, including the meninges, cerebrospinal fluid, and blood-brain barrier that protect the brain.
این ارائه در کارگاه تخصصی تقلید و آپراکسی سرنخ هایی برای مداخلات مبتنی بر شواهد توسط دکتر هاشم فرهنگ دوست تدریس شده است.
برای مطالعه مطالب بیشتر در این زمینه به وب سایت فروردین مراجعه کنید.
www.farvardin-group.com
Agnosia is a rare neurological disorder where a patient is unable to recognize and identify objects, sounds, or people despite having normal sensory functions. There are two main types - apperceptive agnosia caused by deficits in early perceptual processing, and associative agnosia where recognition fails despite intact perception. Agnosia most commonly affects the visual or auditory senses. It is caused by conditions like strokes, tumors, or injuries. Diagnosis involves examinations to rule out other cognitive issues, and management focuses on treatment of the underlying cause along with rehabilitation therapy.
Join Ellayne S. Ganzfried, M.S.,CCC-SLP, ASHA Fellow and Executive Director of the National Aphasia Association, Chris Kelly, MEd Director of Learning and Development with Griswold Home Care, and a person living with Aphasia, for this exciting presentation recognizing National Aphasia Awareness Month. This engaging presentation will highlight innovative assistive technologies while also providing a Fight Aphasia Toolkit with tools and resources for people living with Aphasia and the family/professional caregivers who support them.
- Aphasia is the loss of ability to communicate through speech and understanding, usually caused by poor brain blood flow. It affects areas like Wernicke's area, involved in language understanding, and Broca's area, involved in speech production.
- Wernicke's aphasia results in fluent but meaningless speech, while Broca's aphasia causes non-fluent, labored speech.
- Aphasia is diagnosed through evaluations by professionals like speech therapists, neurologists, and psychologists. Treatment requires multidisciplinary rehabilitation to stimulate language and compensate lost functions.
Communication disorders with it's implications and it's management
Defined communication processes.
Have any doubt any lacking please drop in comment box
The document discusses language functions and their relationship to the brain hemispheres. It notes that in 95% of right-handed individuals, the left hemisphere is dominant for language. The dominant hemisphere contains Wernicke's area and Broca's area, which are involved in language processing and production. Damage to these areas or their connections can cause different types of aphasias, including fluent aphasias from Wernicke's area lesions and non-fluent aphasias from Broca's area lesions. The document also describes other language-related areas of the brain and disorders like dyslexia, anarthria, and agraphia.
1) Speech is the process of organizing thoughts and producing sounds to convey meaning. It relies on specific areas of the brain including Wernicke's area for comprehension and Broca's area for production.
2) Disorders of speech can be organic due to brain damage or functional. Organic disorders include aphasias which can be receptive, intermediate, or expressive depending on the brain area affected. Functional disorders include stuttering, mutism, vorbeireden, neologisms, and schizophasia.
3) A comprehensive speech assessment examines coherence, relevance, spontaneity, amount, tone, tempo, reaction time, and prosody to evaluate for abnormalities.
This document provides an overview of speech therapy and communication disorders. It discusses that communication involves the exchange of information verbally and non-verbally. Speech disorders are classified as aphasia, dysarthria, or dysphonia. Aphasia is caused by brain damage and impairs language comprehension and use. Types of aphasia include Broca's, Wernicke's, and conduction aphasia. Dysarthria refers to motor speech defects from trauma or disease that affect articulation, loudness, and other speech aspects. Speech therapy treats conditions like cleft palate, cerebral palsy, autism, and Bell's palsy through techniques like imitation, repetition, listening, and sign
Communication problem & its management.Srinivas Nayak
what is communication ? Types of communication problems and how to identify communication problems and their ways of management and multi disciplinary TEAM approach
The document outlines the objectives and process for conducting a voice evaluation. The primary objective is to determine if the client has a voice disorder and evaluate symptoms. Additional objectives include patient education and establishing credibility. The evaluation should gather information on referral source, reason for referral, history of the problem, medical history, social history, and oral mechanism exam. Formal assessments include describing vocal qualities, respiratory status, and instrumental measures. The evaluator should rely on auditory perceptions over instrumentation and not make treatment recommendations without an ENT evaluation.
Aphasia is an acquired language disorder caused by damage to the language areas of the brain, typically from a stroke or head injury. It affects an individual's ability to speak, listen, read, and write, but does not impact their intelligence. Aphasia is assessed and treated by speech pathologists, who work with patients to establish individualized therapy goals and help them improve their communication skills or develop compensatory strategies. While its effects vary between people, aphasia always makes communication more difficult and impacts daily life.
This document discusses disorders of speech. It begins by explaining the physiology of speech production, involving Broca's and Wernicke's areas of the brain. It then describes different types of speech disorders, including organic disorders affecting the brain or vocal cords, and functional disorders like stuttering. Specific disorders are explained in more detail, such as different types of aphasia resulting from brain lesions. Assessment of speech is also discussed.
This document discusses disorders of speech. It begins by explaining the physiology of speech production, involving Broca's and Wernicke's areas of the brain. It then describes different types of speech disorders, including organic disorders affecting the brain or vocal cords, and functional disorders like stuttering. Specific disorders are explained in more detail, such as different types of aphasia that can result from brain lesions in different areas. Assessment of speech is also discussed.
This document provides an overview of tests used to assess functions of different brain lobes, including the frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes. Tests of frontal lobe function include assessments of motor skills, executive function, verbal fluency, and more. Temporal lobe tests evaluate auditory and visual processing, memory, language comprehension, and emotion/behavior. Parietal lobe assessments include tests of sensory function, constructional abilities, numeracy, and body awareness. The document outlines specific tests and what functions they are designed to evaluate for each brain lobe.
The document discusses a research project on the causes and symptoms of dysarthria, a motor speech disorder. The research aims to identify the reasons for and effects of language disorders in dysarthria patients. The researchers conducted interviews with patients' relatives and doctors to understand their views on the causes and nature of the disease. A literature review found that dysarthria symptoms vary depending on the location of brain damage but generally include imprecise articulation and slow speech. The research hopes to improve understanding of dysarthria in order to help minimize related language disorders.
This document describes a case study of a patient ("Patient A") with Broca aphasia. It provides background on Patient A's medical history, including his left middle cerebral artery stroke. It also details evaluations of Patient A that found moderate Broca aphasia and apraxia of speech. The document reviews characteristics of Broca aphasia like agrammatic speech and treatments like modified response elaboration training that could help Patient A by targeting grammatical completeness and reducing apraxic errors. It also discusses the neuroanatomy of Broca's area and common language deficits in Broca aphasia.
Global aphasia is a severe form of aphasia that affects all aspects of communication. It results from extensive damage to regions of the left hemisphere from a stroke. People with global aphasia have difficulty speaking, comprehending language, reading, and writing. Treatment involves relaxation techniques, sensory stimulation, group exercises, and activities led by a speech language pathologist as part of a multidisciplinary team. One case study describes a woman who developed global aphasia after a stroke and participates in an adult day program to help with socialization and recovery.
This document provides an overview of aphasia and related language disorders. It defines aphasia as an acquired disorder of language ability caused by brain damage, distinguishing it from developmental disorders. The document outlines the neurological bases of language in the brain and describes different types of aphasia syndromes caused by lesions in various language areas, including Broca's aphasia, characterized by non-fluent speech with omission of grammatical words. Evaluation methods including analysis of spontaneous speech, naming, repetition, reading, and writing are also summarized.
Characteristics and Management of a Classic Case of Broca AphasiaKathryn Ficho
This document describes a case study of a patient ("Patient A") with Broca aphasia. Patient A suffered a left middle cerebral artery stroke which caused damage to Broca's area. He exhibited characteristic features of Broca aphasia such as agrammatic speech and difficulty with syntax. Treatment techniques like modified response elaboration training and semantic feature analysis were recommended to target grammatical completeness, phrase length, and verb/noun retrieval. The document also reviews the neuroanatomy of Broca's area and common language deficits in Broca aphasia.
parts of brain which are involved in the production and comprehension of the speech,speech errors i-e tongue tips and slips,aphasias and the role of clinical linguistic have been discussed in this presentation
The document discusses language processing in the brain. It describes how psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics study language acquisition, comprehension, and production as they relate to the brain. The left cerebral cortex plays a dominant role in language processing for most right-handed individuals. Dichotic listening tests and split-brain experiments provide evidence of lateralization, with the left hemisphere specialized for language and the right for other functions. Broca's and Wernicke's areas are crucial language centers, with damage resulting in distinct aphasia types characterized by nonfluent or fluent but nonsensical speech, respectively.
This topic is meant for the study purpose for the final year undergraduate Physiotherapy students, who are studying under The Tamilnadu Dr.MGR Medical University (Govt University).
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
1. APHASIA : A CASE
STUDY
BY : POOJA TOMAR & Mrs. KALYANI
SINGH
2. What is Aphasia…?
Aphasia is “ an acquired impairment of language
processes underlying receptive and expressive
modalities and caused by damage to areas of
the brain which are primarily responsible for
the language function “ ( By Davis 1983 ).
Aphasia is the “loss of verbal communication
due to an acquired lesion of the nervous
system involving one or more aspects of the
processes of comprehending and producing
verbal messages” ( Basso and Cubelli, 1999 ).
3. Incidence and Prevalence
• The incidence estimated that there are
80,000 new cases of aphasia per year
(National Stroke Association, 2008).
• Prevalence estimates that approximately
1 million people, or 1 in 250 , suffer from
aphasia.
4. Signs and Symptoms
• Verbal Expression Impairments
• Auditory Comprehension
Impairments
• Reading Comprehension
Impairments (Alexia)
• Written Language Impairments
(Agraphia)
5. APHASIA ETIOLOGIES
• Aphasia is caused by damage to the language centers of the brain. In
most people, these language centers are located in the left
hemisphere, but aphasia can also occur as a result of damage to the
right hemisphere; this is often referred to as crossed aphasia to
denote that the right hemisphere is language dominant in these
individuals. Common causes of aphasia are
CVA ( stroke )
– ischemic: blockage that disrupts blood flow to a region of the brain
– hemorrhagic: a ruptured blood vessel that damages surrounding
brain tissue
traumatic brain injury
brain tumors
brain infections
other neurological diseases (e.g., dementia).
6.
7. CLASSIFICATION• There are several classification system based on main characteristics are :
Functional anatomy
Clinical features
Associated condition
• According to wernicke’s 1874 based on antomical lesion, there are 3 types of
aphasia motor aphasia, sensory aphasia and conduction aphasia.
• According to wernicke’s theme model 1884classification system there are 7
types of aphasia :
1. Motor aphasia : subcortical motor aphasia , cortical motor aphasia and
transcortical motor aphasia
2. Conduction aphasia
3. Sensory aphasia : subcortical sensory aphasia , cortical sensory aphasia and
trans cortical sensory aphasia
• According to Goodglass classification 1974 there are 8 types of aphasia
which are generally used in administering the WAB , these are broca’s
aphasia , wernicke’s aphasia, global aphasia , anomic aphasia, transcortical
motor aphasia, transcortical sensory aphasia, conduction aphasia and
isolation aphasia.
8. CLASSIFICATION OF APHASIA
Fluent
Non-
Fluent
Wernicke’s Aphasia
Conduction Aphasia
Transcortical sensory
Aphasia
Anomic Aphasia
Broca’s Aphasia
Transcortical motor
Aphasia
Isolation Aphasia
Global Aphasia
Given by Goodglass( 1974)
10. Type of Aphasia Lesion localization
Broca’s area Posterior-Inferior frontal (area 44, 45,
sometimes 46 )
Wernicke’s Aphasia Posterior- Superior Temporal ( area 22 )
Conduction Aphasia Arcuate Fasciculus- supramarginal gyrus
Anomic Aphasia Inferior – parietal ( angular gyrus )
Global Aphasia Perisylvian region ( middle cerebral
artery territory )
Transcortical Motor aphasia Anterior & superior to broca’s area (
supplementary motor area )
Transcortical sensory Aphasia Watershed areas of middle & posterior
cerebral artery
Isolation Aphasia Watershed areas of middle, anterior &
posterior cerebral artery
11. ASSESSMENT
• Purpose of assessment : Generally , methods of
assessment vary greatly, depending on the examiner’s
goal. There are six general types of evaluation purpose
may be distinguished in aphasic assessment :
a) Screening procedures
b) Diagnostic assessment
c) Descriptive testing in rehabilitation and counselling
d) Progressive evaluation
e) Assessment of functional and pragmatic
communication; and
f) Assessment of related disorders
12. • Assessment of aphasia is a comprehensive
examination of speech & language
characteristics along with other behavioral
and medical condition.
• Assessment can involve many phases such as
reviewing medical records, a patient and
family interview and a bedside screening ,
formal testing procedures.
• Formal testing involves a comprehensive
language test battery to assess patient
linguistic and communication impairments.
13. Language Test Batteries
Basically assess two primary input
modalities & three output modalities,
language test batteries generally assess
four modalities, these are :
Speech
Auditory comprehension
Reading
Writing
14. Contemporary tests and
methods
Clinical
bedside
examinati
-on
Screening
tests:
bedside
evaluation
screening test
•Aphasia
screening test
•Frenchay
aphasia
screening test
Test of
specific
aspects of
language
behaviour :
•Boston
naming test
•Token test
•Discourse
comprehension
test
Function-
-al
communi
cation :
•Communicati
ve
effectiveness
index
•Communicati
on activity of
daily living
Diagnost
-ic
examina
tion :
• PICA
• WAB
• BDAE
• MTDDA
• MAE
• BASA
15. Treatment
Sometimes aphasia will improve on its own without treatment, but speech
and language therapy is usually recommended.
For people with aphasia, speech and language therapy aims to:
• help you communicate to the best of your ability
• help restore as much of your speech and language as possible
• find alternative ways of communicating
Evidence suggests speech and language therapy is more effective if it's
started as soon as possible.
Other treatments:
• Medication – such as piracetam, bifemelane, piribedial, bromocriptine
and idebenone
• Transcranial magnetic stimulation – where an electromagnet placed on
the scalp is stimulated for a short time using an electric current to
stimulate parts of the brain affected by aphasia
18. PATIENT BACKGROUND HISTORY
Client was a employee in railway , he is 68 years
old , Client had history of stroke( CVA ) twice in
his life, the 1st episode took place in 2010 & the
2nd was in 2015 & client also had a history of
paralysis attack after 3 months of 2nd stroke and
after that paralysis attack his family members
experienced that there are some changes in his
voice and had mild phonatory gap in vocal cords ,
client’s medical treatment is going on at central
hospital new Delhi in cardiology and neurological
department .
19. Assessment for Aphasia & allied disorders :
• Case Name: XYZ
• Age / sex : 68 yrs/ male
• Case No. : 1069/12/16
• Present complaint as stated by family members :
a) Speech & language : can not speak properly
b) Other behavior : not present
• Language prefered ( speaking/ writing ) : client
prefers speaking
20. • Medical History :
Etiology : stroke ( CVA )
Site of lesion : temporo-parietal region in the left hemisphere
Type of lesion :left MCA infarct
Any previous strokes : first episode in the year 2010
Physical illness / deficit : no
Visual defects : yes ( poor vision )
Hearing defects : no
Sensory motor function ( sensation, strength, range ) : sensation
is present, strength is decreased, & range is restricted.
Surgery : client has gone through two cardiac surgery.
Reports : from kalawati reports client has good comprehension
& poor verbal expression & from LHMC reports client is having
mild phonatory gap leading to hoarseness.
21. • Present status :
General physical condition : client appears to be normal
Personality & behavior :socially adequate personality & behavior
Hobbies & interests : client show interest in listening to songs &
reading newspaper
Management of activities of daily living : client complete his
tasks by himself including cooking , washing cloths.
• Ongoing treatment :
Medical : In central hospital new delhi ( in cardiology &
neurology department )
Physiotherapy : no
Occupational therapy : no
Psychological counseling : no
Other rehabilitation : yes client takes speech therapy.
22. • Oral peripheral examination :
Lips : lateral movements is affected ,
protrusion is normal , alternate movement is
affected deviated towards right side.
Tongue : Normal in appearance & function.
Soft palate : Normal in appearance & function.
Vegetative skills : all vegetative skills are
normal except blowing , client can resist air in
the mouth but he has difficulty in blowing.
23. • Communication behavior including speech &
language :
Mode of communication : mode is both verbal &
non verbal. In verbal, client has a limited
vocabulary and paraphasic speech & non verbally,
he uses gestures and pointing.
Linguistic behavior ( verbal, written in terms of
content, form & use of language comprehension
and production ) : written expression is poor,
reading text and reading commands are poor and
verbal output is limited.
24. • Other areas :
Attention / perception : Adequate
Motivation : Adequate
Thinking : above average
Memory : Intact
Material facilitating response : Adequate but non verbal
only.
Modality ( visual, auditory or tactile ) : vision is poor &
other modalities are present.
Cueing ( verbal, gestural, visual-printed/ written ) : yes
through verbal or gestural sometimes.
Arithmetic : fair arithmetic skills
• Language test administered & results : ( Token test/ WAB/
BDAE / PICA / Border Reading Test ) :
WAB was administered and aphasia quotient & cortical
quotient were calculated for :-
27. Scoring of Token test
• Part A ( 7 points possible ) = 7
• Part B ( 8 points possible ) = 8
• Part C ( 12 points possible ) = 12
• Part D ( 16 points possible ) = 12
• Part E ( 24 points possible ) = 18
• Part F ( 96 points possible ) = 49
TOTAL SCORES : 163
Scores obtained : 106
28. • Diagnostic formulation : case came to NISHD
with complaint of aphasia, he expresses
verbally through common words and phrases (
paraphasic error is present ) and non verbally
through pointing and gestures, client’s
vocabulary consists of common objects, client
has fair auditory comprehension.
• Provisional diagnosis : Broca’s aphasia
29. • Recommendation :
Speech and language therapy at nearest
center / NISHD
Speech and language stimulation at home
Aphasia therapy
Follow up
30. VOICE ASSESSMENT
• Brief history of the problem : client had dinner and he was normal for 10
minutes, after 10 minutes he had stroke first episode took place in 2010 &
again the 2nd episode took place in 2015 . The voice problem is started
after 2nd stroke that was on 15th august 2015.
• Medical history : CVA in tempo-parietal region in left hemisphere & had
left MCA infarction.
Client get irritation/ pain in the throat- while speaking after 2nd stroke
Onset of problem was sudden
The problem of voice is static
Client indulge in excessive & loud speaking & had a habbit of clearing of
throat 6-7 times in a day
Other development ( physical , secondary sexual development ) are
normal
Client has history of phonatory gap.
31. • Speech mechanism ( structure & function ) :
structurally all articulators are normal expect lips,
alternate & lateral movement are affected & jerks
present and all vegetative skills are present but
blowing is affected.
• Perceptual assessment :
Pitch : pitch range is limited, habitual pitch is
high , & pitch breaks are also present
Loudness : very loud
Quality : hoarsness
Phonation duration : for [ a ] is 7.4 sec for [ i ] is 8
sec & for [ u ] is 5 sec.
32. • Diagnostic formulation : client came to NISHD
with the complaint of unclear voice as a post sign
of aphasia, client has normal physical &
secondary sexual development , oral peripheral
examination reveals that there is restriction in lip
movement & blowing is affected, on perceptually
assessment of voice, client has limited pitch
range , loudness is very loud & quality of voice is
hoarse voice
• Provisional diagnosis : phonatory gap with
hoarseness
• Recommendation :
vocal hygiene
Voice therapy at NISHD/ nearnest center
Follow up