The document provides information about APA referencing style including its history and purpose. It was created in 1929 to standardize the documentation of sources in research. It establishes guidelines for both in-text citations and reference lists. In-text citations provide brief information within the body of the paper to identify the source, while the reference list appears at the end with full bibliographic details of all cited sources. The document reviews the key components and format of both citations and references in APA style.
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
1. Reference Writing Style
2. American Psychological Association (APA)
3. APA Style of Citation
4. APA Bibliography Style
5. Research Reference Writing
6. Academic Research
4. APA
Some important Referencing Style used in researchmainly four type referencing styles are explained in this presentation. Chicago, MLA, APA,and AIP. In-text citation and refrencing style both are explained here with the help of format and by giving examples.
In this referencing style, we shall discuss especially about “APA” format of the referencing style.
A citation tells the readers where the information came from. A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.
Citations occur in the body of the text with direct quotes and paraphrases to identify the author/publication for the material you have used. a "citation" is the brief, often parenthetical information in the body of a work/paper/article.
Reading List and source:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing?b=g&d=a&group_id=15017
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/all
https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12108&p=64730
This presentation is an example of how writing your Synthesis Essay can be not as hard as you think. We hope you will find helpful tips reading the article either https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/how-to-write-a-synthesis-essay
This presentation is useful for all who are preparing their projects in colleges. This presentation helps you in giving proper reference of data source.
1. Reference Writing Style
2. American Psychological Association (APA)
3. APA Style of Citation
4. APA Bibliography Style
5. Research Reference Writing
6. Academic Research
4. APA
Some important Referencing Style used in researchmainly four type referencing styles are explained in this presentation. Chicago, MLA, APA,and AIP. In-text citation and refrencing style both are explained here with the help of format and by giving examples.
In this referencing style, we shall discuss especially about “APA” format of the referencing style.
A citation tells the readers where the information came from. A reference gives the readers details about the source so that they have a good understanding of what kind of source it is and could find the source themselves if necessary.
Citations occur in the body of the text with direct quotes and paraphrases to identify the author/publication for the material you have used. a "citation" is the brief, often parenthetical information in the body of a work/paper/article.
Reading List and source:
https://aut.ac.nz.libguides.com/APA6th/referencelist
https://guides.library.uq.edu.au/referencing?b=g&d=a&group_id=15017
https://libguides.murdoch.edu.au/APA/all
https://pitt.libguides.com/c.php?g=12108&p=64730
This presentation is an example of how writing your Synthesis Essay can be not as hard as you think. We hope you will find helpful tips reading the article either https://essay-academy.com/account/blog/how-to-write-a-synthesis-essay
Appendix JENG102 Version 41Associate Level MaterialAppe.docxrossskuddershamus
Appendix J
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix J
Quoting, Summarizing, and Paraphrasing Sources
Summarize:
· Be brief.
· Reflect key facts or ideas.
· Help readers understand context.
· Do not insert personal views.
· Write in your own words, except for quotations.
· Create an APA-formatted parenthetical citation for this summary.
· Insert the APA article reference.
<Insert full article summary.>
<Insert APA article reference.>
Paraphrase:
· Use details.
· Reflect the structure of the source.
· Reflect the ideas of the original author.
· Do not insert personal views.
· Write in your own words, except for quotations.
· Create an APA-formatted parenthetical citation for this paraphrase.
· Insert the APA article reference.
<Insert full article paraphrase.>
<Insert APA article reference.>
Quote:
· Choose a well-stated key idea.
· Use a verb of attribution to introduce the quotation; for example, He claimed, She reported,theyassert).
· Punctuate correctly.
· Create an APA-formatted parenthetical citation for this quotation.
· Insert the APA article reference.
<Quote the article in a sentence.>
<Insert APA article reference.>
Answer the following questions in 150 to 200 words:
· How do you determine which information is noteworthy?
· How do you determine whether to summarize, paraphrase, or quote a source?
Appendix H
ENG/102 Version 4
1
Associate Level Material
Appendix H
Appropriate Style Guidelines
A central aspect of the Teaching-Learning Model at University of Phoenix is the degree of emphasis placed on written and verbal communication skills. To succeed in your college courses and in your chosen profession, you must be able to communicate in a clear, concise, and correct manner.
Universities and colleges normally require a standardized format for written communication. By adopting one style for all writing assignments, instructors are able to assess content and apply the same evaluation techniques to all students’ papers in a consistent manner. Following a formal style also adds credibility and validity to your writing: It will be much easier for your readers to follow the flow of your ideas and to locate information in your paper.
Academic Honesty
Additionally, you must apply consistent style guidelines to credit your sources, which helps you to avoid plagiarizing the work of other authors and to maintain academic honesty. Academic honesty is highly valued at the university—so highly valued, in fact, that the following passage explaining the importance of academic honesty is included in the syllabus for every course:
University of Phoenix students utilize university resources with honesty and integrity. These resources include, but are not limited to, the online library, online consultation with faculty, and registration systems. In addition to truthful representation in these areas, students must acknowledge references from original works, avoid plagiarism, and use writing and.
American Psychological Association (APA) styleFidaAli12
"A Comprehensive Guide to American Psychological Association (APA) Style: Navigating the Rules and Best Practices for Academic Writing"
Introduction:
The American Psychological Association (APA) style is a widely accepted and utilized format for academic writing in various disciplines, particularly in the social sciences. This comprehensive guide aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the APA style, offering a roadmap for writers to navigate its rules and best practices effectively. Whether you are a student, researcher, or academic professional, mastering APA style is essential for producing scholarly and well-organized documents.
Overview of APA Style:
The APA style, established by the American Psychological Association, is a set of guidelines designed to standardize the structure and formatting of academic papers. It encompasses a range of elements, including the title page, abstract, main body, citations, references, and more. The purpose of these guidelines is to ensure clarity, consistency, and proper attribution of sources, fostering a seamless flow of information within academic discourse.
Title Page and Formatting:
One of the first elements addressed in this guide is the title page. APA style dictates specific formatting rules for the title page, including the title itself, author information, institutional affiliation, and running head. Understanding these components is crucial for creating a professional and polished document.
Abstract and Main Body:
The guide delves into the intricacies of writing an abstract, a concise summary of the paper's key points. It outlines the essential elements of a well-constructed abstract and provides tips on how to capture the essence of your research effectively. Moving forward, the main body section is explored in detail, covering topics such as organizing content, using headings, and maintaining a logical flow in your narrative.
Citations and References:
APA style places significant emphasis on proper citation of sources to avoid plagiarism and give credit to original authors. This guide elucidates the intricacies of in-text citations, including the use of author-date format and the handling of direct quotations. Additionally, it provides a comprehensive overview of the references page, explaining the correct format for various source types, such as books, journal articles, and online resources.
Figures and Tables:
Visual elements like figures and tables play a crucial role in conveying complex information. The guide provides insights into the proper formatting and labeling of figures and tables, ensuring that they enhance rather than detract from the clarity of your message.
APA Style for Different Types of Documents:
Beyond the fundamentals, this guide addresses the specific requirements of various types of documents, including research papers, literature reviews, and case studies. It offers tailored advice on structuring these documents according to APA guidelines, catering to
Page 1 of 25 This brief guide is primarily for s.docxkarlhennesey
Page 1 of 25
This brief guide is primarily for students doing assignments at Curtin University; not for those using the APA 6th style for
publishing. If you are publishing in the APA 6th style, please consult the APA publication manual:
American Psychological Association. (2009). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.).
Washington, DC: Author.
It is important that you check the assignment guide of your department or school as some details, such as punctuation,
may vary from guidelines provided in this guide. You may be penalised for not conforming to your School’s requirements.
All referencing queries should be addressed to the appropriate lecturer or supervisor.
Guide Contents:
Using this guide
About APA referencing
In-text citations explained
Quoting (less than 40 words)
Quoting (more than 40 words)
Paraphrasing
Multiple sources for the same
information
Multiple works by the same
author(s)
Different authors, same
surname
Authors citing other authors
Author variations
No author
1 – 2 authors
3 – 5 authors
6 – 7 authors
8 or more authors
Corporate authors
Reference components
Tables and figures (including
images) – see the separate APA
6th Referencing Tables and
Figures guide
Page
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
6
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
9
Reference list examples
Journal & news articles
Journal article
Journal article – Advance
online publication
Journal article – supplement
Newspaper or Magazine
article
Press release
Cochrane systematic
review
Health Resources
AMH
Martindale
MIMS drug database
UpToDate
Books
Book
eBook
Chapter in an edited print
book
Chapter in an edited eBook
Conference paper
Thesis
Book review
Dictionary or Encyclopedia
Page
10
10
11
11
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
13
14
14
14
14
15
15
16
16
17
17
Reference list examples
Internet and Social media
Webpage
Entire website
Wikipedia
Blog post and comment
Video on the Internet (e.g.
YouTube)
Lecture
Podcast
Facebook
Instagram
Twitter
Nongovernment report
Government sources
Government report
Australian Bureau of Statistics
Act of Parliament
Case
Creative works
DVD and Film
TV programs
Other sources
Standard
Brochure, fact sheet or
pamphlet
Personal communication
Dataset
Page
17
17
18
1 ...
Assignment TemplateFull Title of the TopicAuthor’s Name .docxrock73
Assignment Template
Full Title of the Topic
Author’s Name
Majmaah University
College of Applied Medical Sciences
Department of Nursing
Date of Submission:Month, Day, Year
Page 9 of 9
Table of Contents
Abstract3
Introduction and Background4
Problem Statement4
Objectives and Aims4
Review of Literature5
Ethical Consideration6
Conclusion6
References8
Appendix9
Basic APA, 6th ed., Citation Styles9
Abstract
This template is a guide to writing a paper in APA Style, 6th edition; not for a systematic review proposal. It provides the necessary sections, headings, and subheadings required in a proposal, as well as the line and paragraph spacing, page breaks, page numbering, and referencing styles. It is formatted with one inch top, bottom, left, and right margins; Times New Roman font in 12 point; double-spaced; aligned flush left; and paragraphs indented 5-7 spaces. The page number appears one inch from the right edge on the first line of each page. There should be two spaces between sentences. Without changing the formatting, insert your own text into each template section. This section of the template provides an example of what an abstract would look like. An abstract is a brief (approximately 250 words) one-paragraph summary of the contents of the proposal. The abstract, typically written last, includes an overview of the proposed project's background and review of literature, purpose, method, results, and conclusion. It is non-evaluative, that is, does not contain personal comments. It is not indented nor does it contain citations. Keywords, such as those below, are words you used to perform database searches for the proposal. For more information about APA Style, see the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th ed.), the APA Style web site found at http://www.apastyle.org, and the Purdue Owl Writing Center website found at http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/.
Keywords: APA style, sixth edition, publication manualIntroduction and Background
In this introductory section, write a few paragraphs that give an overview of your topic and background information. Tell why the study problem is important. Build a case for the need for the project that you propose to perform. Support this with findings from the literature, include relevant statistics, and cite them according to APA Style, 6th ed. As O'Leary (2010) says, "the main job of this section is "to ... convince your readers that the problem you want to address is significant and worth exploring" (p. 64).
All source material used in this proposal must be documented in the body of the paper by citing the authors and dates of the sources (See Appendix A for basic citation guidelines). The full reference to each citation must appear on a separate reference page(s) entitled 'References'. The reference pages at the end of this template provide examples of types of references frequently used in academic papers. Reference entries ar ...
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Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
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Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. Click to edit Master title style
1
APA Referencing
Style
U m m e R u b a b 2 5
F a i z a l i a q a t 3 9
U r o o j F a t i m a 3 1
S h a h b a n o 0 2
M a r y a m a t h a r 1 6
U m a i r a Z i a 3 4
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Information About APA
• The American Psychological Association is an organization created
for individuals in the psychology field. With close to 121,000
members, they provide educational opportunities, funding, guidance,
and research information for everything psychology-related. They
also have numerous high-quality databases, peer-reviewed journals,
and books that revolve around mental health.
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3
• The American Psychological Association is also credited with
creating their own specific citation and reference style. Today, this
format is used by individuals not only in the psychology field, but
many other subject areas as well.
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4
APA (American Psychological Association)
• is used by
Education,
Psychology,
Sciences.
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5
Why was this style created?
• This format was first developed in 1929 to form a standardized way
for researchers in science fields to document their sources. Prior to
the inception of these standards and guidelines, individuals were
recognizing the work of other authors by including bits and pieces of
information in random order. There wasn’t a set way to format
citations and references. You can probably imagine how difficult it
was to understand the sources that were used for research projects!
• Having a standard format for citing sources allows readers to glance
at a citation or APA reference and easily locate the title, author, year
published, and other critical pieces of information needed to
understand a source.
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6
Why use APA?
Allows others to access your sources
Helps you stay organized
Establishes credibility
Prevents plagiarism
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When to use text citations
Faiza Liaqat
7
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The evolution of this style
• 6th edition
• 7th editions (released in 2020.)
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Two parts to referencing:
the citations within the text of your paper
the reference list at the end of your paper.
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When to use in text citations
• Use in-text citations when. . .
• Quoting
• Paraphrasing
• Summarizing
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• The APA referencing style is an "author-date" style, so the
citation in the text consists of the author(s) and the year of
publication given wholly or partly in round brackets.
• Use only the surname of the author(s) followed by a
comma and the year of publication. Include page, chapter
or section numbers if you need to be specific, for example
if you are quoting, paraphrasing or summarizing:
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Example
• Paraphrase of the source in your own words
• Encouraging students to memorise information and then testing their
memory has been a consistent criterion of pedagogy (Broudy,
1998).
• Broudy (1998, p. 8) explains that memorisation does not result in an
ability to solve problems.
• Quotation (exact words from the source)
• Broudy (1998, p. 9) argues that “on the common criteria for
schooling, our sample citizen has failed because he cannot replicate
the necessary skill or apply the relevant principles”.
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References
Maryam Athar
13
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At the end: References
• At the end of the text, include a list of references; a single list of all
the sources of information you have cited in your assignment. Begin
the reference list on a new page and title it “References”. Centre the
title on the page. Each entry should have a hanging indent.
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• Each list item requires specific bibliographic information. For
example, in the case of a book, ‘bibliographical details’ refers to:
author/editor, year of publication, title, edition, place of publication
and publisher, as found in the title pages (some details will vary).
• Wolpe, A. (1988). Within school walls. London, England: Routledge.
• Woods, C. & Griffiths, A. (1995). The real McCoy. Design World,
12(3), 2-13.
• List each item in alphabetical order (by author surname). Titles
should be in italics. All of the references included in the list must
also be cited in the text.
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• When to include page numbers?
When you quote a source (reproduce material word for word), page
numbers are required. When paraphrasing or referring to an idea
contained in another work, the APA publications manual 6th edn. (p.
171) encourages you to provide page numbers, to help the reader
locate the information in a long text. However, this is not a
‘compulsory’ requirement.
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Complete List of Examples
• Assignments
• • You must provide appropriate references when referring to your own
work. For students, this applies if you quote or paraphrase any work you
have submitted for an assessment in another unit.
• • This is necessary as all assignments include the following Student
Declaration:
• Except where indicated, the work I am submitting in this assignment is
my own work and has not been submitted for assessment in another unit.
• • This includes text, figures or tables copied from a completed
assessment in a different Unit without proper acknowledgement of the
original source (even if you are the original author).
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Format
Umaira Zia
19
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Format
• Standard format for citation
• Author, A. A. (Year). Title of assignment: Subtitle if
appropriate [Unpublished manuscript]. Unit Code: Name of
Unit, Name of University.
• Example
• Assignment from another unit
Reid, S. F. (2016). The importance of scientific method [Unpublished
manuscript]. BSC100: Building Blocks for Science Students, Murdoch
University.
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Book Chapters
Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry
Chapter or Article in Edited Book (Payne, 1999) Payne, S. (1999). 'Dangerous and
different': Reconstructions of madness
in the 1990s and the role of mental
health policy. In S. Watson & L. Doyal
(Eds.), Engendering social policy (pp.
180-195). Open University Press.
Article in an Encyclopaedia (Ford-Martin, 2003) Ford-Martin, P. (2003). Cognitive-
behavioral therapy. In E. Thackery &
M. Harris (Eds.), Gale encyclopedia of
mental disorders (Vol.1, pp. 226-228).
Gale.
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Conference Papers
Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry
Paper Presentation from the Internet (Balakrishnan, 2006) Balakrishnan, R. (2006, March 25-26). Why aren't we
using 3d user interfaces, and will we ever? [Paper
presentation]. IEEE Symposium on 3D User Interfaces,
Alexandria, VA. https://doi.org/10.1109/VR.2006.148.
Unpublished Paper Presentation (Brown & Caste, 1990) Brown, S., & Caste, V. (2004, May). Integrated obstacle
detection framework [Paper presentation]. IEEE Intelligent
Vehicles Symposium, Detroit, MI..
Paper Presentation in Print Proceedings (Rowling, 1993) Rowling, L. (1993, September). Schools and grief: How
does Australia compare to the United States [Paper
presentation]. In Wandarna coowar: Hidden grief. 8th
National Conference of the National Association for Loss
and Grief (Australia), Yeppoon, Queensland (pp. 196-201).
National Association for Loss and Grief..
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Theses
Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry
Unpublished Thesis (Milnes, 1998) Milnes, G. M. (1998). Adolescent depression: The use
of generative instruction to increase rational beliefs and
decrease irrational beliefs and depressed
mood [Unpublished M.Appl.Psy. thesis]. Murdoch
University.
Published Thesis (May, 2007) May, B. (2007) A survey of radial velocities in the
zodiacal dust cloud. Canopus Publishing.
Thesis from a Database (Roemmele, 2018) Roemmele, M. (2018). Neural networks for narrative
continuation (Publication No. 22621448) [Doctoral
dissertation, University of Southern California].
ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global.
Thesis from a Repository (Ryan, 2014) Ryan, J. (2014). The measurement and meaning of
coping in psychiatric patients [PhD thesis, Murdoch
University]. Murdoch University Research Repository.
https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/242
54/
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Newspaper Articles
Material Type In Text Citation Reference List Entry
Newspaper Article in Print (Kissane, 1998) Kissane, K. (1998, September 5). Kiss or kill:
Who is the victim when a battered woman
kills? The Age: Extra, p. 6.
Newspaper Article with URL (Devlin, 2010) Devlin, H. (2010, January 28). Neuron
breakthrough offers hope on Alzheimer’s and
Parkinson’s. The Times.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/scienc
e/medicine/article7005401.ece
Newspaper Article from Factiva (Delalande, 2019) Delalande, J. (2019, October 26). Our teens
struggle the most. The West Australian, p.
32. Factiva. https://global-factiva-
com.libproxy.murdoch.edu.au/ha/default.asp
x#./!?&_suid=1576141953014019681669927
131606.
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Abbreviations
ShahBano
25
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Abbreviations
• Standard APA Abbreviations
• • Standard abbreviations may be used in your citations.
• • A list of acceptable, commonly used abbreviations can be found in
the Publication manual of the American Psychological Association,
7th ed., pp. 306-307.
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Where Do I Find APA Format?
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• Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,
5th ed.
• www.apastyle.org
• Composition textbooks
• OWL website: owl.english.purdue.edu
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Edition ed.
Editor(s) Ed.(Eds.)
et alii, et aliae (and others) -
from Latin
et al.
No date of publication n.d.
Number No.
Page(s) p. (pp.)
Paragraph(s) para(s).
Part Pt.
Revised edition Rev. ed.
Supplement Suppl.
Technical Report Tech. Rep.
Translator(s) Trans.
Volume (as in Vol. 4) Vol.
Volumes (as in 4 Vols.) Vols.
Some of the more often
used examples are listed
here:
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Steps of
Referencing
Syeda Urooj Fatima
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Referencing
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“Acknowledge sources of information”
For example:
1. Websites
2. News Articles
3. Journals
4. Books etc.
*** “Reference list must be added at the end of document.”
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Cont..
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• Step 1: Formatting the author’s name
• Step 2: Placing the Year Your Source was Published
• Step 3: Place the Title of the Source
• Step 4: Cite the publisher of your source
• Step 5: Add the Page or Pages where the Citation was Taken
—Example:
Howard, F. (2009). Chapter 3: The way to write perfectly in three methods
(2nd Rev. ed), pp 43. New York: Press books.
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Four Steps to Referencing
Record
• At the time of reading a document, record all of the
information (descriptive elements) necessary to create a
citation. The data you record should “include the page
numbers” for direct quotations and for journal articles or
book chapters.
• Be careful with photocopied articles from journals or
chapters from books. You must keep a record of the
journal where the article was published or the book where
you found the chapter.
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• Make a File or store the information, and the source documents if you have
them, in a manner and format that can be easily accessed at a later date.
• You may wish to write all details on the print copy of an article you are using; or
you may wish to keep a system of filing cards for each reference item you use.
• Alternatively, you may decide to maintain a master reference list on your
computer, which you add details to as required. There are a number of software
packages now available.
Example: EndNote, which you can use to manage your references. These
programs can be used to produce reference or works cited lists in a specified
style. Please see the EndNote Guide for information about this software.
Organize
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• You need to reference your resources.
• Construct your citations within the text of your essay, using the
appropriate guidelines for the style of citation you are using.
Citation
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Types of Citation
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1. Direct
2. Indirect
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Direct Citation
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• Use exact words from the sources.
• Double Quotation marks around text.
For example:
According to Aulakh (2014) “More than 70% of china’s rivers and ponds are
polluted, and almost half contain water that is unfit for human consumption.”
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Indirect Citation
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• Paraphrase the text.
For example:
There were 6.5 million deaths related to Air pollution in 2012, making it to fourth
largest killer behind high blood pressure, dietary risks and
smoking.(www.weforum.com).
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• Create either a reference or works cited list at the end of your
essay or thesis. Titles of books and journal titles should
be italicized. The use of capitals and punctuation should be
consistent and will vary according to the citation style being
used.
• The usual arrangement for a reference list in APA style is a
single sequence in alphabetical order by author, with the
author's surname preceding the initials. Where an item has no
author, it is usual to list it alphabetically by title in the reference
list in sequence by the first significant word of the title.
List