The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and general paper formatting. The guidelines cover topics such as using author-date citations, order of sections, title page formatting for student and professional papers, reference list creation, and citing different source types such as personal communications.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, general paper formatting, title pages, abstracts, and the main body. Key sections include quantitative and qualitative research articles, literature reviews, reference list formatting, and using both parenthetical and narrative citations and quoting sources.
This presentation will provide you the basic information on the APA Formatting and Style Guide. The following are the basic information that includes in this presentation:
1) Point of View, Voice, & Language
2) Type of APA Papers
3) General APA Format
4) References & Citations
5) Headings, Tables & Figures
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION REFERENCING STYLE & CITATIONMarkLeniel
The document provides information about the American Psychological Association (APA) style of citation and formatting. It discusses that APA was established in 1929 to standardize documentation sources. The APA style uses author-date citations and an alphabetical reference list. Key aspects of APA papers are a title page, abstract, main body in appropriate sections, and reference list. In-text citations include author and date, and references provide additional source details.
The document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style format, which is commonly used for papers in the social sciences. It discusses the structure and formatting of APA papers, including general paper formatting, section headings, in-text citations, and references. The document serves as a guide for writing and formatting papers according to APA style.
This document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style guidelines for academic writing. It discusses the two main types of APA papers - literature reviews and experimental reports. It also outlines common paper components like introductions, methods, and references. The document answers questions about how assigned papers may differ from typical APA manuscripts. It emphasizes asking the professor to clarify expectations. Overall, the document is a useful introduction and reference for students learning to write papers in APA style.
APA formatting from the Owl at Purdue.pdfCedCabaraban
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic sections of an APA style paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references. Specific guidelines are provided for in-text citations, reference list entries, title pages, abstracts, and formatting aspects like font, margins and page headers in APA style.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic sections of an APA style paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, page headers, and citations within the text and reference list. Specific guidelines are provided for citing different source types like books, articles, interviews and electronic sources.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, general paper formatting, title pages, abstracts, and the main body. Key sections include quantitative and qualitative research articles, literature reviews, reference list formatting, and using both parenthetical and narrative citations and quoting sources.
This presentation will provide you the basic information on the APA Formatting and Style Guide. The following are the basic information that includes in this presentation:
1) Point of View, Voice, & Language
2) Type of APA Papers
3) General APA Format
4) References & Citations
5) Headings, Tables & Figures
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION REFERENCING STYLE & CITATIONMarkLeniel
The document provides information about the American Psychological Association (APA) style of citation and formatting. It discusses that APA was established in 1929 to standardize documentation sources. The APA style uses author-date citations and an alphabetical reference list. Key aspects of APA papers are a title page, abstract, main body in appropriate sections, and reference list. In-text citations include author and date, and references provide additional source details.
The document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style format, which is commonly used for papers in the social sciences. It discusses the structure and formatting of APA papers, including general paper formatting, section headings, in-text citations, and references. The document serves as a guide for writing and formatting papers according to APA style.
This document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style guidelines for academic writing. It discusses the two main types of APA papers - literature reviews and experimental reports. It also outlines common paper components like introductions, methods, and references. The document answers questions about how assigned papers may differ from typical APA manuscripts. It emphasizes asking the professor to clarify expectations. Overall, the document is a useful introduction and reference for students learning to write papers in APA style.
APA formatting from the Owl at Purdue.pdfCedCabaraban
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic sections of an APA style paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references. Specific guidelines are provided for in-text citations, reference list entries, title pages, abstracts, and formatting aspects like font, margins and page headers in APA style.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the basic sections of an APA style paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, page headers, and citations within the text and reference list. Specific guidelines are provided for citing different source types like books, articles, interviews and electronic sources.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the main sections of an APA formatted paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references according to APA style. Key aspects include using a running head on every page, double-spacing, and providing in-text citations with author and date and a reference list in alphabetical order.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the main sections of an APA formatted paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references in APA style. Key aspects include using a title page with the paper title and author name/affiliation, a 150-250 word abstract, in-text citations with author/date, and a reference list in alphabetical order by author.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general structure of APA papers, including sections like the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also covers APA style elements such as in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and citations of various source types. Guidelines are provided for stylistic elements, in-text citations, and reference list entries according to the APA Publication Manual.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general structure of APA papers, including sections like the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also covers APA style elements such as in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and citations of various source types. Guidelines are presented for stylistic elements, in-text citations, and reference list entries in APA format.
The document provides information about the American Psychological Association (APA) style for formatting papers and citations. It discusses key aspects of APA style such as page layout, headings, the cover page, abstracts, and in-text citations. For page layout, it specifies using 1-inch margins, double spacing, and 12-point Times New Roman font. The cover page should include a running head and page number. Headings use title case or sentence case capitalization. It also describes how to format citations within the text and references list, including citing one or multiple authors and quotations. Citations include the author's last name and year, and references follow a standard format including author name, publication year, title, and
The document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style format, which is commonly used for papers in the social sciences. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and the general paper format. The purpose of APA style is to regulate stylistic elements and provide guidelines for formatting research papers and citing sources.
The document provides an outline for a workshop on APA style that covers the basics of APA citation and formatting. The 6-part workshop includes introductions to APA style and formatting the title page, in-text citations, reference pages, a discussion of plagiarism, and how to use a citation tool.
Running head TITLE OF ESSAY1TITLE OF ESSAY 2Title .docxtoddr4
Running head: TITLE OF ESSAY
1
TITLE OF ESSAY
2
Title of Essay
Author’s Name
University of the Cumberlands
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it is good to practice this skill.
Title of Essay
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of formality should be based on the assignment. For example: APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person (narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are formatted with one inch margins, with their text exclusively in Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles, dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References page. If a student uses information from any source, that source must be identified within the text and listed on a References page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as www.citationmachine.net to ensure proper formatting. Any further questions should be directed to the instructor of the course.
References
Badley, G. (2009). A place from where to speak: The university and academic freedom. British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8527.2009.00429.x
Baumanns, M., Biedenkopf, K., Cole, J. R., Kerrey, B., & Lee, B. (2009). The future of
universities and the fate of free inquiry and academic freedom: Question and answer
session. Social Research, 76(3), 867-886. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Berthoff, A. E. (2009). Learning the uses of chaos. In S. M.
This document provides an introduction to referencing using APA style. It defines referencing and plagiarism, and explains why referencing is important. It outlines the key components of in-text citations and reference lists in APA style. Examples are provided for different types of citations, including journal articles, books, quotations, and paraphrasing. Guidelines are given for constructing a reference list alphabetically by author. An exercise provides practice writing full references according to APA style.
The document discusses the American Psychological Association (APA) style format. It explains that APA style is primarily used in the social sciences for writing research papers, essays, and journal articles. Some key aspects of APA style include in-text citations, a references page, formatting guidelines for margins, spacing, fonts, and headings. Following APA style helps bring uniformity to academic writing and allows readers to easily understand sources that are cited.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting guidelines. It discusses the general structure of an APA formatted paper including using double-spaced text in a standard font with 1 inch margins. In-text citations and references are formatted according to APA style, with references listed alphabetically by author's last name. Headings are used to organize paper sections, with five heading levels indicated by formatting.
This document provides information about citing sources in APA style. It explains the general APA format for research papers, in-text citations, references, and it includes examples of how to cite different source types. The document is from the Purdue OWL, an online writing resource maintained by Purdue University writers and editors.
The document provides information on the American Psychological Association (APA) style for formatting research papers. It discusses that APA style was developed for authors to prepare manuscripts for APA journals and is now used for theses, term papers, and other works. The document outlines the general format for APA style papers, including section headings like the title page, abstract, introduction, method, and references. It provides details on formatting elements like margins, font, page numbers, and citations as well as the overall structure of an APA paper.
This document provides an overview of APA style, which is the documentation style adopted by Hodges University. It describes APA style basics such as maintaining coherence, avoiding plagiarism through proper citation, and using reliable and valid sources. The document also reviews APA formatting guidelines, in-text citations, and constructing a references page according to APA style. Students are directed to resources like the APA manual, library guides, and tutoring for additional assistance with APA documentation.
This document provides information about citation styles and APA formatting for hospitality and culinary arts students. It outlines the typical sections of an APA paper including the title page, abstract, literature review, in-text citations, and reference list. It also discusses formatting for long quotes, electronic sources, and sample reference list entries. Experimental report sections are defined, including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, and discussion sections. Academic dishonesty policies are also briefly outlined.
BROL 700MASTERING APAWhat is APAAPA (American.docxcurwenmichaela
This document provides an overview of APA style guidelines for formatting papers, in-text citations, and reference lists. It discusses the basics of APA including what APA regulates, point of view and language used in APA papers, different types of APA papers, general formatting guidelines, and how to format references, in-text citations, headings, tables, and figures according to APA style. Key elements that are covered include using the third person point of view, active voice, clear and concise language, title page, abstract, reference page, and citing sources in the text and reference list.
This document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and formatting style. It discusses the key elements of APA papers such as the title page, abstract, headings, in-text citations, references, and appendices. Examples are provided to illustrate how to format these sections, including title pages, in-text citations, quotations, references for different source types, and appendices. Guidance is also given on writing style, avoiding bias, evaluating sources, paraphrasing versus quoting, and citing secondary sources in APA style.
Rules on In text Citation and Referencing.pptxJayMaravilla1
Here are paraphrases of the passages without looking back at the original text:
1. Jacques Cousteau explained that the Antarctic plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate. Cold water from Antarctica circulates and mixes with warmer tropical waters, helping to cool both surface waters and the atmosphere. However, this fragile system is now threatened by human activities.
2. Prohibition was in effect in the 1920s, but alcohol was still widely available in local bars. Organized crime dominated cities while police struggled to enforce the law. Jazz music became popular among young people, replacing classical music. The flapper emerged as a symbol of changing social norms for women with her short skirts and bobbed hair.
3.
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 1
Rules for Creating a Research Paper
Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
Author’s Full Name
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This research is being submitted on September 15, 2009 for John Smith's ENC1100 course at
Rasmussen College by Jane Doe.
Insert page number.
After the running head, enter 8 times. Click the “Center” button.
Type the title of your paper, which should be more than two or three words.
These lines should be double-spaced.
If you have a long title, you may type it on
two lines.
For the Running head, type in part of your title in ALL
CAPS after the words “Running head”. Left-justify the
text in the header.
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 2
Rules for Creating a Research Paper Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
An APA formatted paper is created using one-inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and
right sides. APA papers are always double spaced. Paragraphs are indented ½ inch. Just type the
TAB key once. The body of your paper consists of the information you researched on your
paper’s topic in order to support your own position or thesis.
If the information in your paper is not your own original thought, you need to include an
in-text citation and a references page to give credit to the original author of the idea. Your paper
should include direct quotes and paraphrasing. You will notice in this paper, there are several
different types of in-text citations, and they have been created using correct APA formatting for
in-text citations.
Types of In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used when you paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise refer to
information you’ve learned during your research. The first two in-text citations in this paper are
examples of how to set up in-text citations when you’re paraphrasing, summarizing, or referring
to the information from a source rather than copying text word for word. They demonstrate how
to give credit to the author. For the first type of citation, place the author’s last name and the year
of publication at the end of the sentence in parenthesis (Reed, 2005). Notice the comma and
space after the author’s name and notice the period for the sentence is after the final parentheses.
Another variation is when you use the author’s name at the beginning of the sentence. In the
following sentence, you will notice that Mary Nelson’s last name only appears at the beginning
of the sentence; therefore, the in-text citation immediately follows her name. According to
Nelson (2005), the use of APA formatting for in-text citations is very easy to complete.
The paper begins with the full title of the paper.
In-text
citation
for first
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
In-text
citation
for
second
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
Example
of first
level
heading.
Running head: RULES FOR C.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the main sections of an APA formatted paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references according to APA style. Key aspects include using a running head on every page, double-spacing, and providing in-text citations with author and date and a reference list in alphabetical order.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the main sections of an APA formatted paper including the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also outlines how to format headings, tables, figures, citations, and references in APA style. Key aspects include using a title page with the paper title and author name/affiliation, a 150-250 word abstract, in-text citations with author/date, and a reference list in alphabetical order by author.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general structure of APA papers, including sections like the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also covers APA style elements such as in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and citations of various source types. Guidelines are provided for stylistic elements, in-text citations, and reference list entries according to the APA Publication Manual.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting and citation guidelines. It discusses the general structure of APA papers, including sections like the title page, abstract, references, and body. It also covers APA style elements such as in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and citations of various source types. Guidelines are presented for stylistic elements, in-text citations, and reference list entries in APA format.
The document provides information about the American Psychological Association (APA) style for formatting papers and citations. It discusses key aspects of APA style such as page layout, headings, the cover page, abstracts, and in-text citations. For page layout, it specifies using 1-inch margins, double spacing, and 12-point Times New Roman font. The cover page should include a running head and page number. Headings use title case or sentence case capitalization. It also describes how to format citations within the text and references list, including citing one or multiple authors and quotations. Citations include the author's last name and year, and references follow a standard format including author name, publication year, title, and
The document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) style format, which is commonly used for papers in the social sciences. It discusses the key aspects of APA style including in-text citations, references, headings, tables, figures, and the general paper format. The purpose of APA style is to regulate stylistic elements and provide guidelines for formatting research papers and citing sources.
The document provides an outline for a workshop on APA style that covers the basics of APA citation and formatting. The 6-part workshop includes introductions to APA style and formatting the title page, in-text citations, reference pages, a discussion of plagiarism, and how to use a citation tool.
Running head TITLE OF ESSAY1TITLE OF ESSAY 2Title .docxtoddr4
Running head: TITLE OF ESSAY
1
TITLE OF ESSAY
2
Title of Essay
Author’s Name
University of the Cumberlands
Abstract
Abstracts are research tools that can help you readers determine if the scope of your article/essay will help them in their own research. In APA, abstracts are typically 150-250 words in length and provide an evaluative summary of the essay to follow. The personal opinion of the author is strictly prohibited in abstracts. Unlike a body paragraph, the first line of an abstract is not tabbed-in. For many student essays, especially in lower-numbers courses, an abstract will not be required; still, it is good to practice this skill.
Title of Essay
In APA style, the introduction of the essay should begin here, followed by the body paragraphs. APA is typically a more formal style than most students are accustomed to using in a writing course. For the purposes of this course, the level of formality should be based on the assignment. For example: APA asks that students always write in third person (avoiding words such as I, me, we, our(s), you, your(s), etc). Certain rhetorical modes, however, don’t cater well to third person (narrative and reflection writing are two such examples). In these situations, first person (I, me, we, our(s)) may be, and should be employed; second person (you, your(s)) should be avoided in all academic writing unless an essay is specifically designed to relay instructions (there are few assignments that will employ second person).
Like any essay, students should make sure their essays are formatted with one inch margins, with their text exclusively in Times New Roman 12-point font, and students should double space their lines. This document can be downloaded and used as a template wherein students may simply replace names, titles, dates, and so on with their own information.
The final page of this document will demonstrate a References page. If a student uses information from any source, that source must be identified within the text and listed on a References page. These citations should be listed in alphabetical order and, opposite to the way a normal paragraph works, the first line should be flush left and each following line should be tabbed in. Though there is really no substitute for a good APA Style Manual, students can refer to a citation generator such as www.citationmachine.net to ensure proper formatting. Any further questions should be directed to the instructor of the course.
References
Badley, G. (2009). A place from where to speak: The university and academic freedom. British
Journal of Educational Studies, 57(2), 146-163. doi:10.1111/j.1467-
8527.2009.00429.x
Baumanns, M., Biedenkopf, K., Cole, J. R., Kerrey, B., & Lee, B. (2009). The future of
universities and the fate of free inquiry and academic freedom: Question and answer
session. Social Research, 76(3), 867-886. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Berthoff, A. E. (2009). Learning the uses of chaos. In S. M.
This document provides an introduction to referencing using APA style. It defines referencing and plagiarism, and explains why referencing is important. It outlines the key components of in-text citations and reference lists in APA style. Examples are provided for different types of citations, including journal articles, books, quotations, and paraphrasing. Guidelines are given for constructing a reference list alphabetically by author. An exercise provides practice writing full references according to APA style.
The document discusses the American Psychological Association (APA) style format. It explains that APA style is primarily used in the social sciences for writing research papers, essays, and journal articles. Some key aspects of APA style include in-text citations, a references page, formatting guidelines for margins, spacing, fonts, and headings. Following APA style helps bring uniformity to academic writing and allows readers to easily understand sources that are cited.
The document provides an overview of APA style formatting guidelines. It discusses the general structure of an APA formatted paper including using double-spaced text in a standard font with 1 inch margins. In-text citations and references are formatted according to APA style, with references listed alphabetically by author's last name. Headings are used to organize paper sections, with five heading levels indicated by formatting.
This document provides information about citing sources in APA style. It explains the general APA format for research papers, in-text citations, references, and it includes examples of how to cite different source types. The document is from the Purdue OWL, an online writing resource maintained by Purdue University writers and editors.
The document provides information on the American Psychological Association (APA) style for formatting research papers. It discusses that APA style was developed for authors to prepare manuscripts for APA journals and is now used for theses, term papers, and other works. The document outlines the general format for APA style papers, including section headings like the title page, abstract, introduction, method, and references. It provides details on formatting elements like margins, font, page numbers, and citations as well as the overall structure of an APA paper.
This document provides an overview of APA style, which is the documentation style adopted by Hodges University. It describes APA style basics such as maintaining coherence, avoiding plagiarism through proper citation, and using reliable and valid sources. The document also reviews APA formatting guidelines, in-text citations, and constructing a references page according to APA style. Students are directed to resources like the APA manual, library guides, and tutoring for additional assistance with APA documentation.
This document provides information about citation styles and APA formatting for hospitality and culinary arts students. It outlines the typical sections of an APA paper including the title page, abstract, literature review, in-text citations, and reference list. It also discusses formatting for long quotes, electronic sources, and sample reference list entries. Experimental report sections are defined, including the title page, abstract, introduction, method, results, and discussion sections. Academic dishonesty policies are also briefly outlined.
BROL 700MASTERING APAWhat is APAAPA (American.docxcurwenmichaela
This document provides an overview of APA style guidelines for formatting papers, in-text citations, and reference lists. It discusses the basics of APA including what APA regulates, point of view and language used in APA papers, different types of APA papers, general formatting guidelines, and how to format references, in-text citations, headings, tables, and figures according to APA style. Key elements that are covered include using the third person point of view, active voice, clear and concise language, title page, abstract, reference page, and citing sources in the text and reference list.
This document provides an overview of the American Psychological Association (APA) citation and formatting style. It discusses the key elements of APA papers such as the title page, abstract, headings, in-text citations, references, and appendices. Examples are provided to illustrate how to format these sections, including title pages, in-text citations, quotations, references for different source types, and appendices. Guidance is also given on writing style, avoiding bias, evaluating sources, paraphrasing versus quoting, and citing secondary sources in APA style.
Rules on In text Citation and Referencing.pptxJayMaravilla1
Here are paraphrases of the passages without looking back at the original text:
1. Jacques Cousteau explained that the Antarctic plays an important role in regulating the Earth's climate. Cold water from Antarctica circulates and mixes with warmer tropical waters, helping to cool both surface waters and the atmosphere. However, this fragile system is now threatened by human activities.
2. Prohibition was in effect in the 1920s, but alcohol was still widely available in local bars. Organized crime dominated cities while police struggled to enforce the law. Jazz music became popular among young people, replacing classical music. The flapper emerged as a symbol of changing social norms for women with her short skirts and bobbed hair.
3.
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 1
Rules for Creating a Research Paper
Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
Author’s Full Name
Rasmussen College
Author Note
This research is being submitted on September 15, 2009 for John Smith's ENC1100 course at
Rasmussen College by Jane Doe.
Insert page number.
After the running head, enter 8 times. Click the “Center” button.
Type the title of your paper, which should be more than two or three words.
These lines should be double-spaced.
If you have a long title, you may type it on
two lines.
For the Running head, type in part of your title in ALL
CAPS after the words “Running head”. Left-justify the
text in the header.
Running head: RULES FOR CREATING A RESEARCH 2
Rules for Creating a Research Paper Using Correct 6
th
Edition APA Formatting
An APA formatted paper is created using one-inch margins at the top, bottom, left, and
right sides. APA papers are always double spaced. Paragraphs are indented ½ inch. Just type the
TAB key once. The body of your paper consists of the information you researched on your
paper’s topic in order to support your own position or thesis.
If the information in your paper is not your own original thought, you need to include an
in-text citation and a references page to give credit to the original author of the idea. Your paper
should include direct quotes and paraphrasing. You will notice in this paper, there are several
different types of in-text citations, and they have been created using correct APA formatting for
in-text citations.
Types of In-Text Citations
In-text citations are used when you paraphrase, summarize, or otherwise refer to
information you’ve learned during your research. The first two in-text citations in this paper are
examples of how to set up in-text citations when you’re paraphrasing, summarizing, or referring
to the information from a source rather than copying text word for word. They demonstrate how
to give credit to the author. For the first type of citation, place the author’s last name and the year
of publication at the end of the sentence in parenthesis (Reed, 2005). Notice the comma and
space after the author’s name and notice the period for the sentence is after the final parentheses.
Another variation is when you use the author’s name at the beginning of the sentence. In the
following sentence, you will notice that Mary Nelson’s last name only appears at the beginning
of the sentence; therefore, the in-text citation immediately follows her name. According to
Nelson (2005), the use of APA formatting for in-text citations is very easy to complete.
The paper begins with the full title of the paper.
In-text
citation
for first
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
In-text
citation
for
second
type of
para-
phrase
quote.
Example
of first
level
heading.
Running head: RULES FOR C.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
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Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
1. APA Formatting and Style Guide
Purdue OWL staff
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab
2. The American Psychological Association (APA) citation style
is the most commonly used format for manuscripts in the
social sciences.
APA regulates:
• Stylistics
• In-text citations
• References
What is APA Style?
3. First-person pronouns rather than third-person
•: “We conducted an experiment…”
•: “The authors conducted an experiment….”
Point of View
4. Active voice when stressing the actions of the research
•: “We asked participants questions.”
•: “The participants have been asked questions by the
researchers.”
Voice
Passive voice when stressing the recipient or object of the
action
•: “The tests were inconclusive.”
•: “We found the tests inconclusive.”
5. Language in an APA paper should be:
• Clear: be specific in descriptions and explanations
• Concise: condense information when you can
• Plain: use simple, descriptive adjectives and minimize figurative
language
Language
6. Quantitative Articles:
• Report quantitative research, which uses empirical and
numerical information often analyzed through statistical
means.
• Includes:
• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Results
• Discussion
Types of APA Papers
7. Qualitative Articles:
• Report qualitative research, which uses scientific practices
to learn more about human experiences that cannot be
numerically quantified.
• Includes:
• Title Page
• Abstract
• Introduction
• Method
• Findings/Results
• Discussion
Types of APA Papers
8. The Literature Review:
• Summarizes scientific literature on a particular research
topic
• While the APA Publication Manual does not require a
specific order for a literature review, a good literature review
typically contains the following components:
• Introduction
• Thesis statement
• Summary and synthesis of sources
• List of References
Types of APA Papers
9. If your essay is not quantitative, qualitative, or a literature review:
• Consult the instructor
• Consult the APA Publication Manual
Types of APA Papers
10. Your essay should:
• Be typed
• Double-spaced
• Have 1” margins
• Use 10-12pt. Standard font (ex. Times New Roman)
• Be printed on standard-sized paper (8.5”x 11”)
General APA Format
11. Every page of your essay should include:
• The page number in the upper right
• If it is a professional paper: A page header (shortened title, all
caps) in the upper left-hand corner.
• Student papers do not require running headers.
General APA Format
12. Your essay should
include four major
sections:
References
Main Body
Abstract
Title page
General APA Format
13. Note that APA 7 has slightly different formatting rules for
professional and student papers. Professional papers are those
intended for academic/commercial publication, while student
papers are those written for credit in a course.
Most of these differences extend to the title page and the
running header.
On the next few slides, we’ve noted these differences where
appropriate.
Note re: Formatting
14. Title:
(in the upper half of the
page, centered)
name (no title or
degree) + academic
department, course,
instructor, and date.
Page header:
Student papers contain
no running head.
Simply insert a page
number flush right.
Title Page – Student Paper
15. Title:
(in the upper half of the
page, centered)
name (no title or
degree) + affiliation
(university, etc.)
Page header:
(use Insert Page
Header)
Type short form of title
flush left in all capitals
+ page number flush
right.
Title Page – Professional Paper
16. Author Note:
this may contain the
following items, each on a
separate line:
- Links to ORCID iDs
- Any affiliation changes
- Any special disclosures
or acknowledgments
- Contact info for the
corresponding author
Omit any items that are
irrelevant.
Title Page – Professional Paper
17. Page header
continues on all
pages for
professional
papers only.
Student papers
contain only the
page number.
Abstract: centered
and bolded at the
top of the page.
Write a 150- to 250-
word summary of your
paper in an accurate,
and concise manner.
Abstract Page
Follow the abstract with
a short list of keywords.
18. • Number the first text page as page number 3
• Center and bold the (full) title of the paper at the top of the
page
• Type the text double-spaced with all sections following
each other without a break
• Identify the sources you use in the paper with either
narrative citations or parenthetical, in-text citations
• Format tables and figures
Main Body (Text)
19. • Center the title (References) at
the top of the page. Bold this
title.
• Double-space reference entries
• Flush left the first line of the
entry and indent subsequent
lines
• Order entries alphabetically by
the surname of the first author
of each work
Reference Page
20. • Invert authors’ names (last name first followed by initials)
• EX:“Smith, J.Q.”
• Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and
subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and
proper nouns. Do not capitalize the first letter of the second
word in a hyphenated compound word.
• EX: The perfectly formatted paper: How the Purdue OWL
saved my essay.
References: Basics
21. • Capitalize all major words in journal titles
• Italicize titles of longer works such as books and
journals
• Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the
titles of shorter works such as journal articles or
essays in edited collections
References: Basics
22. APA is a complex system of citation. When compiling the reference list, the
strategy below might be useful:
1. Identify the type of source:
Is it a book? A journal article? A webpage?
2. Find a sample citation for this type of source
Check a textbook or the OWL APA Guide:
https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_for
matting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
3. “Mirror” the sample
4. Make sure that the entries are listed in alphabetical order and that the
subsequent lines are indented (Recall References: Basics)
Making the Reference List
23. In-text citations help readers locate the cited source in the References section
of the paper. In-text citations follow either a parenthetical format or a
narrative format.
A parenthetical citation includes both the author’s last name and year of
publication, separated by a comma, in parentheses at the end of the sentence.
EX: Research suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for students
(Atkins, 2018).
A narrative citation includes the author’s name directly in the sentence, with
the year of publication directly following the author’s last name.
EX: Atkins (2018) suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for
students.
In-text Citation: Basics
24. If the source you’re citing includes page numbers, add that information to
your citation.
For a parenthetical citation, the page number follows the year of publication,
separated by a comma, and with a lowercase p and a period before the
number (p.)
EX: Research suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for students
(Atkins, 2018, p. 12).
For a narrative citation, the page number comes at the end of the sentence,
once again preceded by a lowercase p and a period (p.)
EX: Atkins (2018) suggests that the Purdue OWL is a good resource for
students (p. 12).
In-text Citation:
Page Numbers
25. When quoting:
Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase
If using the parenthetical citation, include the author, date of publication,
and page number at the end of the quotation.
EX: As scientific knowledge advances, “the application of CRISPR technology
to improve human health is being explored across public and private
sectors”(Hong, 2018, p. 503).
If using the narrative-style citation, include the author’s last name in the
signal phrase, with the page number at the end of the quote.
EX: Hong (2018) stated that “the application of CRISPR technology to
improve human health is being explored across public and private sectors”
(p. 503).
In-Text Citation:
Quotations
26. Follow the same guidelines for parenthetical and narrative citations when
summarizing or paraphrasing a longer chunk of text.
Parenthetical citation:
EX: In one study that consisted of 467 young adults, it was found that social
media use may not directly affect mental health; rather, it depends on how
young adults use social media (Berryman et al., 2018).
Narrative citation:
EX: Berryman et al. (2018) sampled 467 young adults about their social
media use and mental health and found that social media use may not directly
affect mental health; rather, it depends on how young adults use social media.
In-Text Citation:
Summary or Paraphrase
27. Introduce quotations with signal phrases, e.g.:
According to Reynolds (2019), “….” (p. 3).
Reynolds (2019) argued that“……” (p. 3).
Use signal verbs such as:
acknowledged, contended, maintained,
responded, reported, argued, concluded, etc.
Use the past tense or the present perfect tense of verbs in signal phrases when
they discuss past events.
In-Text Citation:
Signal Words
28. When the parenthetical citation includes two or more works:
•Order them in the same way they appear in the reference list—the author’s
name, the year of publication—separated by a semi-colon.
EX: Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet (Adams, 2018; Collins, 2017).
In-Text Citation:
Two or More Works
29. When citing a work with two authors:
•In the narrative citation, use “and” in between the authors’ names
EX: According to scientists Depietri and McPhearson (2018),
“Understanding the occurrence and impacts of historical climatic hazards is
critical to better interpret current hazard trends” (p. 96).
•In the parenthetical citation, use “&” between names
EX: When examining potential climate threats, “Understanding the
occurrence and impacts of historical climatic hazards is critical to better
interpret current hazard trends” (Depietri & McPhearson, 2018, p. 96).
In-Text Citation:
Works with Two Authors
30. When citing a work with three or more authors:
•list the name of the first author plus “et al.” in every citation.
EX: Lin et al. (2019) examined how weather conditions affect the popularity
of the bikesharing program in Beijing.
EX: One study looked at how weather conditions affected the popularity of
bikesharing programs, specifically the Beijing Public Bikesharing Program (Lin
et al., 2019).
In-Text Citation:
Works with 3+ Authors
31. When citing a work with an unknown author:
•Use the source’s full title in the narrative citation.
•Cite the first word of the title followed by the year of publication in the
parenthetical citation.
EX: According to “Here’s How Gardening Benefits Your Health” (2018)
EX: (“Here’s,” 2018)
Titles:
Articles and Chapters = “ ”
Books and Reports = italicize
In-Text Citation:
Unknown Author
32. When citing a group author:
•Mention the organization the first time you cite the source in either the
narrative citation or the parenthetical citation.
•If you first mention the group in a narrative citation, list the abbreviation before
the year of publication in parentheses, separated by a comma.
EX: “The data collected by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA, 2019)
confirmed…”
•If you first mention the group in a parenthetical citation, list the abbreviation in
square brackets, followed by a comma and the year of publication.
EX: (Food and Drug Administration [FDA], 2019).
In-Text Citation:
Group Authors
33. When citing authors with the same last names:
•Use first initials with the last names.
EX: (B. Davis, 2018; Y. Davis, 2020)
When citing two or more works by the same author and published in the
same year:
•Use lower-case letters (a, b, c) after the year of publication to order the
references.
EX: Chen’s (2018a) study of bird migration…
In-Text Citation:
Same Last Name/Author
34. When citing personal communication (interviews, letters, e-mails, etc.):
•Include the communicator’s name, the fact that it was personal communication,
and the date of the communication.
•Narrative citation:
EX: B. E. Anderson (personal communication, January 8, 2020) also claimed
that many of her students had difficulties with APA style.
•Parenthetical citation:
EX: One teacher mentioned that many of her students had difficulties with
APA style (Anderson, personal communication, January 8, 2020).
•Do not include personal communication in the reference list.
In-Text Citation:
Personal Communication
35. When citing a text with no page numbers: parenthetical citation
•Use any of the following four methods
•List the heading or section name
EX: One scientist noted that “A cup full of kale can help your body out in a
number of ways” (London, 2019, Health benefits of kale section).
•List an abbreviated heading or section name in quotation marks (if the heading
is too long)
EX: One scientist noted that “A cup full of kale can help your body out in a
number of ways” (London, 2019, “Health benefits” section).
•List the paragraph number
EX: One scientist noted that “A cup full of kale can help your body out in a
number of ways” (London, 2019, para. 2).
•List the heading or section name and the paragraph number
EX: One scientist noted that “A cup full of kale can help your body out in a
number of ways” (London, 2019, Health benefits of kale section, para. 2).
In-Text Citation:
No Page Numbers
36. When citing a text with no page numbers: narrative citation
•Use any of the following four methods
•List the heading or section name
EX: Scientist Jaclyn London (2019, Health benefits of kale section) noted
that “A cup full of kale can help your body out in a number of ways.”
•List an abbreviated heading or section name in quotation marks (if the heading
is too long)
EX: Scientist Jaclyn London (2019, “Health benefits” section) noted that “A
cup full of kale can help your body out in a number of ways.”
•List the paragraph number
EX: Scientist Jaclyn London (2019, para. 2) noted that “A cup full of kale can
help your body out in a number of ways.”
•List the heading or section name and the paragraph number
EX: Scientist Jaclyn London (2019, Health benefits of kale section, para. 2)
noted that “A cup full of kale can help your body out in a number of ways.”
In-Text Citation:
No Page Numbers
37. APA uses a system of five heading levels (taken directly from the APA Publication
Manual, 7th edition):
Headings
APA Headings
Level Format
1 Centered, Bold, Title Case Headings
Text begins a new paragraph
2 Flush Left, Bold, Title Case Heading
Text begins as a new paragraph
3 Flush Left, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading
Text begins as a new paragraph
4 Indented, Bold, Title Case Heading, Ending with a Period. Text
begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.
5 Indented, Bold Italic, Title Case Heading, Ending with a Period. Text
begins on the same line and continues as a regular paragraph.
38. Here is an example of the five-level heading system:
Headings
39. Label tables with an Arabic numeral and provide a brief but clear title. The label
and title appear on separate lines above the table, flush-left and single-spaced.
Cite a source in a note below the table.
Table 1
Top 3 NBA Season Leaders 2019
Note: This data was collected on December 31st, 2019. Retrieved from
https://stats.nba.com/teams/
Tables
Team Points Per Game
Milwaukee Bucks 119.8
Houston Rockets 119.1
Dallas Mavericks 116.8
40. Label figures with an Arabic numeral and provide a brief but clear title. The label and
title appear on separate lines above the figure, flush-left and single-spaced.
You might provide an additional title centered above the figure.
Cite the source in a note below the figure.
Figure 1.
US Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2018
Figures
41. The Purdue OWL: http://owl.purdue.edu
The Purdue Writing Lab @ Heavilon Hall 226
Composition textbooks
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed.
APA’s website: http://www.apastyle.org
Additional Resources
42. The End
APA Formatting and Style Guide
Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab
Editor's Notes
Welcome to “APA Formatting and Style Guide.” This Power Point Presentation is designed to introduce your students to the basics of APA formatting and style. You might want to supplement the presentation with more detailed information posted on the Purdue OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 7th ed., contains detailed guidelines for formatting a paper in APA style. APA style is most commonly used for formatting papers in the social sciences—business, economics, psychology, sociology, nursing, etc. Updates to APA are posted on the APA website www.apastyle.org.
APA format provides writers with a format for cross-referencing their sources—from their parenthetical references to their reference page. This cross-referencing system allows readers to locate the publication information of source material. This is of great value for researchers who may want to locate your sources for their own research projects. The proper use of APA style also shows the credibility of writers; such writers show accountability to their source material. Most importantly, use of APA style can protect writers from plagiarism—the purposeful or accidental use of source material by other writers without giving appropriate credit.
This slide introduces the basics of APA stylistics related to the point of view in an APA paper, which encourages a writer to use personal pronouns. The explanation is provided with examples.
This slide introduces the basics of APA stylistics related to the voice in an APA paper, which encourages a writer to use the active voice. The explanation is provided with examples.
This slide explains the language qualities the APA recommends for academic papers.
Clarity and conciseness are the major concerns when reporting research in APA. It is not easy to balance clarity (which requires accuracy) and conciseness (which requires packing information). To achieve clarity, a writer should avoid vague wording and be specific in descriptions and explanations. To achieve conciseness, a writer should condense information. Because APA format is widely used in science-related papers, the language of APA format is plain and simple. A writer should avoid using metaphors and minimize the use of figurative language, which is typical for creative writing.
This slide can be supplemented by the “Concision” handout from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/conciseness/index.html
This slide introduces one of the most common APA-style papers: the quantitative article.
Quantitative articles report quantitative research, which uses empirical and numerical information often analyzed through statistical means. Refer to the slides on tables and figures for more information on formatting statistics.
This slide introduces one of the most common APA-style papers: the qualitative article.
Qualitative articles report qualitative research, which uses scientific practices to learn more about human experiences that cannot be numerically quantified.
This slide introduces one of the most common APA-style papers: the literature review.
A literature review paper, which is the summary of what the scientific literature in the discipline field says about the topic of research, is the genre students likely encounter in their academic studies. The paper includes the introduction, thesis statement, summary and synthesis of sources, and a reference list.
The general format, which is introduced in the following six slides, regulates formatting papers of any genre students may encounter in their academic studies. For students, consulting the instructor about the specific requirement is the safest policy. For authors of manuscripts prepared for submission to a scientific journal, consulting Publication Manual is a must.
This slide presents the general format of an APA formatted paper: An essay should be typed and double-spaced on the standard-sized paper (8.5”x11”) with 1” margins on all sides. Times New Roman or similar font in 10-12 pt. size should be used.
This slide presents the general format an APA-style header. The document should include a page header indicating a shortened title of the essay and a page number in the upper right-hand of every page (including the title page).
This slide introduces four required part of an APA paper: a title page, abstract, main body (essay itself), and a reference list. An abstract page and list of references are titled as Abstract and References, respectively.
It is important to remind students that each page should have a page header with a shortened version of the title and page number.
This slide can be supplemented by the “General Format” section from the OWL https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
This slide informs readers that APA 7 distinguishes between professional and student papers in terms of paper formatting. It notes that most of the differences extend only to the title page and the running header and explains that these differences will be illustrated in the following few slides.
This slide provides a visual example for the proper placement of the page header and the full title on the cover page of a student paper.Student papers require no headers other than a page number (flush right).Type the complete title in the upper half of the page bolded and centered. Below the title, type your name and your affiliation (university, etc.)
This slide can be supplemented by the “General Format” page from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
This slide provides a visual example for the proper placement of the page header and the full title on the cover page of a professional paper. Type a shortened form of the paper’s title in all capitals in the page header flush left with the page number flush right.Type the complete title in the upper half of the page bolded and centered. Below the title, type your name and your affiliation (university, etc.)
This slide can be supplemented by the “General Format” page from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
This slide provides a visual example for the proper placement of the author note on the cover page of a professional paper. Label the note with the words “Author Note,” bolded and centered. Following this, you may provide any or all of the following:
Links to ORCID iDs
Affiliation changes
Any special disclosures or acknowledgments
Contact info for the corresponding author
Omit any items that are irrelevant.
This slide can be supplemented by the “General Format” page from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
This slide provides a visual example of an abstract page, which consists of a page header, a heading (labeled Abstract), and a brief summary of the paper accurately presenting its contents. Professional papers should contain a running head in the header (flush left) and a page number (flush right). Student papers should contain only the page number.
Type the heading –Abstract– centered at the top of the page. Below, type the paragraph of the paper summary (between 150 and 250 words) in block format—without indentation.
The abstract should contain the research topic, research questions, participants, methods, results, data analysis, and conclusions. It may also include possible implications of your research and future work you see connected with your findings.A short list of keywords (labeled with “Keywords” in italics, written in line with the text) should follow the abstract. These are terms and concepts that might help readers find your work via a search engine.
This slide provides the basic reminders about formatting the text:
Make sure that the first text page is page number 3 (page #1 is a title page, page #2 is an abstract page).
Start with typing the essay title centered and bolded at the top of the page.
Type the text double-space with all sections following each other without a break. Do not use blank space between paragraphs.
Create in-text citations to identify the sources used in the paper.
Format tables and figures.
The following slides introduce APA formatting of references, in-text citations, and tables and figures.
This slide explains the format and purpose of a references page.
The facilitator may stress that each source referenced within the paper should also appear on the reference page, which appears at the end of the paper.
To create a references page,
center and bold the heading—References—at the top of the page;
double-space reference entries;
flush left the first line of the entry and indent subsequent lines. To use “hanging” feature of “Indent and Space” tab, go to “Paragraph” ”Indentation” choose “Hanging” in the ”Special” box.
Order entries alphabetically by the author’s surnames. If a source is anonymous, use its title as an author’s surname.
Note: Unlike MLA, APA is only interested in what they call “recoverable data”—that is, data which other people can find. For example, personal communications such as letters, memos, emails, interviews, and telephone conversations should not be included in the reference list since they are not recoverable by other researchers.
For specific information about entries in the reference list, go to https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html
This slide provides basic rules related to creating references entries.
This slide provides basic rules related to creating references entries.
APA is a complex system of citation that can be time-consuming to learn and difficult to recall when needed. To help students handle the requirements of APA format, this slide introduces a strategy of surviving APA.
The facilitator should stress the importance of correct identification of a type of source: e.g., Is it an article from a newspaper or from a scholarly journal? Hard copy or electronic version?
When the source type is identified correctly, it’s fairly easy to find a sample of a similar reference in the APA chapter of a composition book or in an online APA resource. The APA guide on the OWL website is particularly easy to browse since its links are organized by types of sources—scroll down to the box of links https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/reference_list_basic_rules.html
After a sample is found, all it takes is to mirror it precisely and arrange entries in the alphabetical order.
Note: Many electronic library databases, (e.g. Proquest), have a citation feature. The useful strategy is to save and import into a references list citation entries (make sure you choose APA format) while doing a literature search. You can always delete later reference entries of the sources you’re not going to use in the paper.
7
This slide explains the basics of in-text citations, both narrative and parenthetical.
In-text citations help establish credibility of the writer, show respect to someone else’s intellectual property (and consequently, avoid plagiarism). More practically, in-text citations help readers locate the cited source in the references page. Thus, keep the in-text citation brief and make sure that the information provided in the body of the paper should be just enough so that a reader could easily cross-reference the citation with its matching entry on the reference page; i.e., the body of the paper and the in-text citation together contains the author’s name and the year of publication.
This slide can be supplemented by the “In-Text Citations: The Basics” resource from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
This slide explains the basics of in-text citations.
To avoid plagiarism, also provide a page number (in p.3 / pp.3-5 format) for close paraphrases and quotations.
This slide can be supplemented by the “In-Text Citations: The Basics” resource from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
This slide provides explanation and examples of in-text citations with quotations.
This slide can be supplemented by the “In-Text Citations: The Basics” resource from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
This slide provides information on how to properly construct in-text citations for summaries and paraphrases.
This slide can be supplemented by the “In-Text Citations: The Basics” resource from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_the_basics.html
Acquiring a rich repertoire of signal words and phrases is the key to success in representing others’ ideas in academic writing. This slide provides a few examples of those and notes that APA requires the past or present perfect tense of verbs in signal phrases.
Facilitators might want to supplement this slide with relevant content from a composition textbook that demonstrates the use of signal words.
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains specific cases of in-text citations. It might be supplemented with the “Author/Authors” section from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/in_text_citations_author_authors.html
This slide explains a system of five heading levels in APA. It might be supplemented by the section “APA Headings and Seriation” from the OWL: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/apa_headings_and_seriation.html
This slide includes a visual example of the five-level heading system.
Tables are a common and often required feature of an APA format (consider, the quantitative article, for example). This slide provides visual guidelines to formatting tables in APA.
The facilitator should point that a table format consists of four elements:
The table label—e.g., Table 1
The title in italics, both appearing on separate lines above the table, flush-left and single-spaced
The table
The citation of the source below the table in the form of Note (see the example on the slide).
Although figures in an APA paper are formatted in a manner which is similar to that of formatting tables, there a few differences.
In particular, the order is the following:
You might provide an additional title centered above the figure.
The figure
The label and title (in italics) on the same line below the figure, flush-left: Figure 1. US Primary Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2018
A citation of the source below the table in the form of Note (see the example on the slide).
There are many rules for following APA format, and the facilitator should stress that it is nearly impossible to memorize them all. Students’ best course of action is to utilize the official APA handbook or the APA section in an updated composition textbook as guides for properly using the documentation format. Since the American Psychological Association, a professional group of behavioral and social science professors and instructors, periodically updates the guide, students should be certain that they are using the most current information possible.
There are other resources for finding current information on APA documentation style. The APA web site offers some limited information about recent format changes, especially regarding the documentation of electronic sources. The Purdue University Writing Lab has a page on APA formatting and documentation style on its website: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa7_style/apa_formatting_and_style_guide/general_format.html
For quick questions on APA format, students can also call the Writing Lab Grammar Hotline at 494-3723.