The document provides information on different styles of referencing such as Vancouver, Harvard, Oxford and others. It discusses how to cite various sources like books, journal articles, websites and others using these different styles. Examples are given for citing books, journal articles and websites in Vancouver, Harvard and Oxford styles of referencing. A list of references used in the document is provided at the end.

1. Dr. Ajinkya Rodge
JR1
Dept Of Pharmacology
TNMC Mumbai

2.  A Reference is the detailed bibliographic description of
the item from which you gained your information
 This means the details of the items used, e.g. author, title,
date of publication etc.
 References are briefly cited within the text, and then
given in full at the end of the work in a Reference list
 Any other items read for background information but not
referred to in the text  given in full at the end of work in
a Bibliography
Reference1

3.  Enable the reader to locate the sources used
 Help support the arguments and provide credibility to
the work
 To enable readers more fully understand the cited
author’s work.
 Acknowledge the source of an argument or idea to avoid
plagiarism
Use Of References1

4.  Documentary note styles
 Parenthetical styles or Author-date styles
 Numbered styles
Referencing Styles2

5.  References are provided in footnotes or endnotes.
 In text- cited by a numeral in superscript.
 This numeral is placed after the concluding punctuation,
unless it refers only to part of the sentence (in that case, it
is placed after the relevant word or part of sentence).
 The complete reference is mentioned as a footnote or
endnote.
Documentary note styles2

6.  Style Manuals :
1. The Oxford Style Manual
2. The Chicago Manual of Style
3. The MHRA Style Guide (Modern Humanities Research
Association)
Documentary note styles2

7.  In-text references are given within parentheses before the
full stop of the sentence containing the reference.
 The author’s name and the date of publication of the
document referred written in the parenthesis.1
 References are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s
last name.1
 In order to find the reference details, the author’s name in
the reference list is looked up.1
Parenthetical styles/Author-date styles2

8. 1. Harvard
2. APA(American Psychological Association)
3. MLA(Modern Language Association)
Parenthetical styles/Author-date styles2

9.  In-text citations with Arabic numbers within round3
brackets or in superscript.
 References are numbered in the order in which they first
appear in the text.
 The references are listed in a numbered reference list after
the text.
Numbered styles2

10. 1. Vancouver
2. IEEE(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
Numbered styles2

11. 1. Books
2. Articles in journals
3. Websites
4. Newspaper Articles
5. Reports
6. Tables/images/appendices
7. Video recordings
8. Personal communications like letters, email etc
Sources4

12.  Vancouver Referencing Style
 Harvard Referencing Style
 Oxford Referencing Style
References using-

13. 1. Vancouver
 Standard Format for Books:
Author Surname Initials. Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the
first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year.4
 Goodman L, Gilman A. The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
Books

14. 1. Vancouver
 Chapter in an edited book:
Author Surname Initials. Chapter Title. In: Editor(s),
editor/s. Book Title. Edition (if not the first). Place of
publication: Publisher; Year.4
 Gonzalez FJ, Coughtrie M, Tukey RH. Drug metabolism.
In: Brunton L, Chabner B, Knollman B, editors. The
pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill; 2011
Books

15. 1. Vancouver
 Chapter in a book:
Author Surname Initials. Title: subtitle. Edition (if not the
first). Place of publication: Publisher; Year. Chapter
number, Chapter name; p. start page-end page.4
 Goodman L, Gilman A. The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2011.
Chapter 6, Drug metabolism; p. 141-162.
Books

16. 2. Harvard
 Standard format for books:
AUTHOR(S). (Year) Title. Edition – if not the 1st. Place of
publication: Publisher.1
 GOODMAN, L.and GILMAN, A.(2011) The
pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 12th ed. New York:
McGraw-Hill.
Books

17. 2. Harvard
 Chapter in a book:
AUTHOR(S). (Year) Title of chapter. In:
AUTHOR(S)/EDITOR(S), (eds.). Book title. Edition. Place
of publication: Publisher, Pages. (use p. or pp.)1
 GONZALEZ, F. et al. (2011) Drug metabolism. In:
BRUNTON, L. et al. (eds.) The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics. 12th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, p.141-162.
Books

18. 3. Oxford
 Standard format:
Author(s)., Title:Subtitle, Place of publication, Publisher,
Year.5
 Goodman, L. and A. Gilman, The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, New York, McGraw-Hill,2011.
Books

19. 3. Oxford
 Chapter in a book:
Author(s), ‘Chapter Title', in Editor(s)(ed.), Book
title, Place of publication, Publisher, Year, pp. from-to.5
 Gonzalez, F. and M. Coughtrie, R. Tukey, ‘Drug
metabolism’,in : L. Brunton, B. Chabner, B.
Knollman(eds.), The pharmacological basis of
therapeutics, New York, McGraw-Hill, pp. 141-162
Books

20. 1. Vancouver
 Journal article in print:
Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal,
abbreviated. Date of Publication; Volume Number(Issue
Number): Page Numbers.4
 Jeong YH, Ahn JH, SmithSC. Blood-Pressure and
Cholesterol Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. N Engl J MED.
2016 Sep 22; 375(12):190-194.
Articles

21. 1. Vancouver
 Journal article from website with doi:
 Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal,
abbreviated. Date of Publication; Volume Number(Issue
Number): Page Numbers.doi.4
 Jeong YH, Ahn JH, SmithSC. Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol
Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. N Engl J MED. 2016 Sep 22;
375(12):190-194. doi: 10.1056/NEJMc1608916#SA3.
Articles

22. 1. Vancouver
 Journal article from website without doi:
 Author Surname Initials. Title of article. Title of journal,
abbreviated[Internet]. Date of Publication[Cited on]; Volume
Number(Issue Number): Page Numbers. Available from: URL4
 Jeong YH, Ahn JH, SmithSC. Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol
Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. N Engl J MED[Internet]. 2016
Sep 22[Cited 2016 sep 27]; 375(12):190-194. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653575
Articles

23. 2. Harvard
 Journal article in print:
AUTHOR(S) (Year) Title of article. Title of journal, Vol. no.
(Issue), Pages, use p. or pp.1
 JEONG, Y. et al.(2016) Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol
Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. New England Journal of
Medicine, 375(12), pp. 190-194
Articles

24. 2. Harvard
 Journal article from website:
AUTHOR(s). (Year). Article Title. Title of journal,
Volume(Issue), pages. Available at: URL6
 JEONG, Y. et al.(2016) Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol
Lowering in the HOPE-3 Trial. New England Journal of
Medicine, 375(12), pp. 190-194. Available at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653575
Articles

25. 3. Oxford
 Journal article from website:
Author(s), ‘Title of article', Journal title, vol._, no. _ , Year,
p. _. Available from URL, (accessed date)5
 Jeong, Y. et al. ‘Blood-Pressure and Cholesterol Lowering
in the HOPE-3 Trial’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.
375, no. 12, 2016, p. 190-194. Available from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27653575
(accessed 27 September 2016)
Articles

26. 1. Vancouver
 Author Surname Initials (if available). Title of Website
[Internet]. Place of publication: Publisher; Date of First
Publication [Date of last update; cited date]. Available
from: URL4
 “Place of Publication”, the “Publisher” and the “Original
Publication Date” as part of the citation- if not given, use:
[place unknown], [publisher unknown] or [date
unknown].4
Websites

27.  Contd…
 NCBI - National Institutes of Health[Internet]. Bethesda
MD: National Centre for Biotechnology Information;
[Date unknown][cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/
Websites

28. 2. Harvard
 AUTHOR(S)/Website name(Year) Title of document
[Online] Organisation responsible (optional). Available
from: URL [Accessed date].1
 NCBI - National Institutes of Health(n.d.)
PubMed[Online] National Centre for Biotechnology
Information. Available from:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ [accessed 27/09/2016]
Websites

29. 3. Oxford
 Author, 'Title of Document', Name of Website, Place of
Publication, Name of Publisher, year, page number,
http://url, (accessed day month year).5
 Victoria University, ‘Oxford Referencing:
Internet/Websites’, Victoria University, Melbourne
Australia, 2015, http://libraryguides.vu.edu.au/oxford-
referencing/internet-websites
Websites

30. 1. De Montfort University[Internet]. Leicester: De Montfort University; 2013
sep[cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from: www.library.dmu.ac.uk
2. Academic Writing in English[Internet]. Lund Sweden: Lund University; 2014
Apr 14[cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from: http://awelu.srv.lu.se/sources-and-
referencing/quick-guides-to-reference-styles/documentary-note-style/
3. Information Literacy Resource Bank[Internet]. Cardiff UK: Cardiff University;
[date unknown][cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from:
https://ilrb.cf.ac.uk/citingreferences/tutorial/theexamples.html
4. Vancouver Citation Style[Internet]. Vancouver Canada.: Vancouver Community
College; [updated 2009 jul 02][cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from:
http://library.vcc.ca/
5. Oxford Referencing Style[Internet] University of Western Australia[Internet].
Perth Australia; [updated 2016][cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from:
http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/Oxford
6. Harvard Citation Style. University of Western Australia[Internet]. Perth
Australia; [updated 2016][cited 2016 sep 27]. Available from:
http://guides.is.uwa.edu.au/harvard
References