This lesson plan provides an overview of the APA and Vancouver styles of referencing for nursing students. It outlines the objectives and content to be covered, including defining the Vancouver style, describing its guidelines and examples. It also introduces APA style and provides examples of writing references in both styles. The plan details the timing, teaching methods, learning activities, and evaluation.

1. LESSON PLAN ON APA AND
VANCOUVER STYLE
Submitted to Submitted by
Assst.Prof.K.KANTHA, M.Sc(N) M.SOWMYA,
HOD of nursing research dept. M.Sc(N) 1 st year
Narayana college of nursing Narayana college of nursing

2. Nellore Nellore.
Date of submission 18.5.19
Name of the institution : Narayana college of nursing
Programme : B Sc Nursing
Subject : Nursing research
Date :
Topic : APA and VANCOUVER style of reference
Unit : II
Group : IV th year B Sc Nursing Students
Duration : 45 minutes
Time : 3 pm – 3.45 pm
Method of teachimg : Lecture cum discussion
AV aids : Black board, OHP, Roller board, Chart, Power point, Hand outs
Previous knowledge of students : students may have knowledge regarding APA and Vancouver style of reference
in intermediate

3. Name of the student teacher :
Name of the Evaluator :
GENERAL OBJECTIVE
The students will be able to gain indepth knowledge regarding APA and Vancouver style of referencing and its
application in research work, and able to write the references in the bestmanner.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
At the end of the class, the student will be able to.,
o to review the references
o introduce Vancouver style
o describe guidelines for writing Vancouver style of reference
o layout and punctuation of the Vancouver style
o enlist the Examples for Vancouver style
o introducing APA style of reference
o describe guidelines for writing APA reference

4. o examples of writing APA reference
Sl.no Time Specific
Objectives
CONTENT Teachers
activity
Learners
activity
AV
Aids
Evalu-
ation
1 1 min Introduce
the topic to
the students BRINGING BACK TO THE STUDY
INTRODUCTION
 When writing essays or articles, you must support your statements and
opinions with references to the work and research of others on which
your statements are based.
 This is important because failure to attribute (reference) your sources of
information may be seen as plagiarism.
 In addition, those reading your work who wish to follow up this
previous research need complete and accurate references in order to do
so.
Lecture Listening Black
board

5.  There are many different styles of identifying and setting out references.
2 1min define
vancouver
style
BLOCK BASED LEARNING
Block based learning is a dedicated learning of one subject at a time; focuses
on more immersed learning. Foe ex teaching learning activity is prepared for
one topic in one unit.
Programme: B.Sc(N)
Subject: nursing research
Unit- II
Vancouver style
The Vancouver style (its full title is now Recommendations for the conduct,
reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals but it
was previously known as Uniform requirements for manuscripts submitted to
biomedical journals) is recommended by the International Committee of
Lecturing Listening,
taking
notes
OHP Define
vancou
ver
style

6. 3 5 mts Enlisting
the
guidelines
for writing
Vancouver
style of
reference
Biomedical Journal Editors, and is used when submitting an article for
publication in a range of biomedical journals.
Vancouver is a "numbered" style, i.e., each reference you cite in the text of
your document is identified by a consecutive number, with a full description of
each reference in a numbered list at the end. This list may be called by a variety
of terms - common ones are: "Literature Cited"; "List of References";
"References"; or "Bibliography".
Note:
The basic elements needed for a reference in the Vancouver style are:
 Author(s) name(s)
 Title of article
 Title of journal (abbreviated according to Medline journal title
abbreviations)
 Year of publication
 Volume number (if the journal has volume numbers)
 Issue number (if the volume has individual issues; there is an option not
to include this, see no. 1 in the examples below)
 Page numbers (first and last)
 References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they
are first mentioned in the text
 Identify references in text, tables, and legends by Arabic numerals in
parentheses (see this example).
 References cited only in tables or figure legends should be numbered in
accordance with the sequence established by the first identification in
Lecturing Listening,
taking
notes
LCD How to
write
author
name in
vancou
ver
style

7. 4. 8 mts Describing
the layout
and
punctuation
of
Vancouver
the text of the particular table or figure
 The titles of journals should be abbreviated according to the style used
for MEDLINE (see how to find correct abbreviations)
 Vancouver style specifies numbers in parentheses (round brackets) for
the in-text citations (see example). However, some journals use
superscript numbers in the text.
 Vancouver style does not specify whether in-text reference numbers
should be placed before or after subsequent punctuation. In the example
below, the numbers are placed before subsequent punctuation (e.g., a
full stop).
 Please check with your lecturers to see if they have a preference for
either of these features. Whichever options you use, it is important to
apply them consistently to the whole document.
To find correct abbreviations:
 Go to www.pubmed.gov
 Select Journals in NCBI Databases (under More Resources)
 For best results, type the full journal title in quotation marks into the
Search box (e.g., "new zealand medical journal"); click Search
 From the results, find and click on the title you want; the correct
abbreviation is given in the NLM Title Abbreviation section
layout and punctuation of the Vancouver style:
it is based on the publication “International Committee of Medical Journal
Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and
publication of scholarly work in medical journals: sample references”
(1). Additional information on the conduct, reporting and writing up of
biomedical research is available in “Recommendations for the conduct,
Lecturing Active
listening
and note
taking
Black
board
Layout
for
articles
in
vancou
ver
style..

8. style to
students
reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical journals”
(2) (see particularly section IV-A-g). The sample references in (1) are in turn
based on the US National Library of Medicine's style guide, "Citing Medicine"
(3).Philson Library staff have provided additional sample references and other
material. For further general information on referencing in the Vancouver
style, see the References section under Manuscript preparation and
submission in the “Recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing, and
publication of scholarly work in medical journals” at:
http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf
1.Articles in journals
Note:
The basic elements needed for a reference to a journal article in the Vancouver
style are:
 Author(s) name(s)
 Title of article
 Title of journal (abbreviated according to Medline journal title
abbreviations)
 Year of publication
 Volume number (if the journal has volume numbers)
 Issue number (if the volume has individual issues; there is an option not
to include this, see no. 1 in the examples below)
 Page numbers (first and last)
1. Standard journal article

9. List up to the first six authors; if the article has more than six authors, list the
first six, followed by et al.
1-6-authors:
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected
patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7.
More than six authors:
Rose ME, Huerbin MB, Melick J, Marion DW, Palmer AM, Schiding JK, et al.
Regulation of interstitial excitatory amino acid concentrations after cortical
contusion injury. Brain Res. 2002;935(1-2):40-6.
Options:
a) If a journal carries continuous pagination throughout a volume, the
month and/or issue number may be omitted.
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected
patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:284-7.
b) Optional addition of a database's unique identifier for the citation:
Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Caplan AL. Solid-organ transplantation in HIV-infected
patients. N Engl J Med. 2002 Jul 25;347(4):284-7. PubMed PMID: 12140307.
Forooghian F, Yeh S, Faia LJ, Nussenblatt RB. Uveitic foveal atrophy: clinical
features and associations. Arch Ophthalmol. 2009 Feb;127(2):179-86. PubMed
PMID: 19204236; PubMed Central PMCID: PMC2653214.

10. c) Optional addition of a clinical trial registration number:
Trachtenberg F, Maserejian NN, Soncini JA, Hayes C, Tavares M. Does
fluoride in compomers prevent future caries in children? J Dent Res. 2009
Mar;88(3):276-9. PubMed PMID: 19329464. ClinicalTrials.gov registration
number: NCT00065988.
2. Organization as author
Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Hypertension, insulin, and
proinsulin in participants with impaired glucose tolerance. Hypertension.
2002;40(5):679-86.
3. Both personal authors and an organization as author (List all as they
appear in the by-line)
Vallancien G, Emberton M, Harving N, van Moorselaar RJ; Alf-One Study
Group. Sexual dysfunction in 1,274 European men suffering from lower
urinary tract symptoms. J Urol. 2003;169(6):2257-61.
Margulies EH, Blanchette M; NISC Comparative Sequencing Program,
Haussler D, Green ED. Identification and characterization of multi-species
conserved sequences. Genome Res. 2003;13(12):2507-18.
4. No author given
21st century heart solution may have a sting in the tail. BMJ.
2002;325(7357):184.
5. Article not in English
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. Sykdomsangst blant medisin- og jusstudenter.

11. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7.
Optional translation of article title (MEDLINE/PubMed practice):
Ellingsen AE, Wilhelmsen I. [Disease anxiety among medical students and law
students]. Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen. 2002;122(8):785-7. Norwegian.
6. Volume with supplement
Geraud G, Spierings EL, Keywood C. Tolerability and safety of frovatriptan
with short- and long-term use for treatment of migraine and in comparison
with sumatriptan. Headache. 2002;42 Suppl 2:S93-9.
7. Issue with supplement
Glauser TA. Integrating clinical trial data into clinical practice. Neurology.
2002;58(12 Suppl 7):S6-12.
8. Volume with part
Abend SM, Kulish N. The psychoanalytic method from an epistemological
viewpoint. Int J Psychoanal. 2002;83(Pt 2):491-5.
9. Issue with part
Ahrar K, Madoff DC, Gupta S, Wallace MJ, Price RE, Wright KC.
Development of a large animal model for lung tumors. J Vasc Interv Radiol.
2002;13(9 Pt 1):923-8.
10. Issue with no volume
Banit DM, Kaufer H, Hartford JM. Intraoperative frozen section analysis in

12. revision total joint arthroplasty. Clin Orthop. 2002;(401):230-8.
11. No volume or issue
Outreach: bringing HIV-positive individuals into care. HRSA Careaction. 2002
Jun:1-6.
12. Pagination in roman numerals
Chadwick R, Schuklenk U. The politics of ethical consensus finding.
Bioethics. 2002;16(2):iii-v.
13. Type of article indicated as needed
Tor M, Turker H. International approaches to the prescription of long-term
oxygen therapy [letter]. Eur Respir J. 2002;20(1):242.
Lofwall MR, Strain EC, Brooner RK, Kindbom KA, Bigelow GE.
Characteristics of older methadone maintenance (MM) patients [abstract].
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2002;66 Suppl 1:S105.
14. Article containing retraction or partial retraction*
15. Article retracted or partially retracted*
16. Article republished with corrections *
17. Article with published erratum*
18. Article published electronically ahead of the print version
Yu WM, Hawley TS, Hawley RG, Qu CK. Immortalization of yolk sac-

13. derived precursor cells. Blood. 2002 Nov 15;100(10):3828-31. Epub 2002 Jul
5
2.Books and other individual titles; Chapters
Note:
The basic elements needed for a reference to a book in the Vancouver style
are:
 Author(s) or editor(s) name(s)
 Title of book
 Edition number (if other than first edition)
 Place (city) of publication
 Publisher’s name
 Year of publication
 If the reference is to a specific part of a book (e.g., a single chapter, or
one paper in a conference proceedings), the author(s) of the
chapter/paper, the title of the chapter/paper and the pages of the
chapter/paper are also given (see examples 23 and 25 below).
19. Personal author(s)
Murray PR, Rosenthal KS, Kobayashi GS, Pfaller MA. Medical microbiology.

14. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2002.
20. Editor(s), compiler(s) as author
Gilstrap LC 3rd, Cunningham FG, VanDorsten JP, editors. Operative
obstetrics. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002.
21. Author(s) and editor(s)
Breedlove GK, Schorfheide AM. Adolescent pregnancy. 2nd ed. Wieczorek
RR, editor. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Education Services; 2001.
22. Organization(s) as author
Advanced Life Support Group. Acute medical emergencies: the practical
approach. London: BMJ Books; 2001.
American Occupational Therapy Association, Ad Hoc Committee on
Occupational Therapy Manpower. Occupational therapy manpower: a plan for
progress. Rockville (MD): The Association; 1985.
NB: Here, the Ad Hoc Committee is a section of the American Occupational
Therapy Association, not a separate organisation.
National Lawyer's Guild AIDs Network (US); National Gay Rights Advocates
(US). AIDS practice manual: a legal and educational guide. 2nd ed. San
Francisco: The Network; 1988.
NB: Here, there are two separate organisations which are joint authors of this
publication.
23. Chapter in a book
Meltzer PS, Kallioniemi A, Trent JM. Chromosome alterations in human solid

15. tumors. In: Vogelstein B, Kinzler KW, editors. The genetic basis of human
cancer. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 93-113.
24. Conference proceedings
Harnden P, Joffe JK, Jones WG, editors. Germ cell tumours V. Proceedings of
the 5th Germ Cell Tumour Conference; 2001 Sep 13-15; Leeds, UK. New
York: Springer; 2002.
25. Conference paper
Christensen S, Oppacher F. An analysis of Koza's computational effort statistic
for genetic programming. In: Foster JA, Lutton E, Miller J, Ryan C,
Tettamanzi AG, editors. Genetic programming. EuroGP 2002: Proceedings of
the 5th European Conference on Genetic Programming; 2002 Apr 3-5;
Kinsdale, Ireland. Berlin: Springer; 2002. p. 182-91.
26. Scientific or technical report
a) Issued by funding/sponsoring agency:
Yen GG (Oklahoma State University, School of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Stillwater, OK). Health monitoring on vibration signatures. Final
report. Arlington (VA): Air Force Office of Scientific Research (US), Air
Force Research Laboratory; 2002 Feb. Report No.: AFRLSRBLTR020123.
Contract No.: F496209810049.
b) Issued by performing agency:
Russell ML, Goth-Goldstein R, Apte MG, Fisk WJ. Method for measuring the
size distribution of airborne Rhinovirus. Berkeley (CA): Lawrence Berkeley
National Laboratory, Environmental Energy Technologies Division; 2002 Jan.

16. Report No.: LBNL49574. Contract No.: DEAC0376SF00098. Sponsored by
the Department of Energy.
27. Dissertation (or Thesis)
Borkowski MM. Infant sleep and feeding: a telephone survey of Hispanic
Americans [dissertation]. Mount Pleasant (MI): Central Michigan University;
2002.
28. Patent
Pagedas AC, inventor; Ancel Surgical R&D Inc., assignee. Flexible
endoscopic grasping and cutting device and positioning tool assembly. United
States patent US 20020103498. 2002 Aug 1.
Other published material
Newspaper article
Tynan T. Medical improvements lower homicide rate: study sees drop in
assault rate. The Washington Post. 2002 Aug 12;Sect. A:2 (col. 4).
Audiovisual material
Chason KW, Sallustio S. Hospital preparedness for bioterrorism
[videocassette]. Secaucus (NJ): Network for Continuing Medical Education;
2002.
Origins of human aggression: the other story [DVD]. Maher JP, director.
[Montreal (QC)]: National Film Board of Canada; 2005.

17. Legal material
a) Public law:
Veterans Hearing Loss Compensation Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-9, 115
Stat. 11 (May 24, 2001).
b) Unenacted bill:
Healthy Children Learn Act, S. 1012, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (2001).
c) Code of Federal Regulations:
Cardiopulmonary Bypass Intracardiac Suction Control, 21 C.F.R. Sect.
870.4430 (2002).
d) Hearing:
Arsenic in Drinking Water: An Update on the Science, Benefits and Cost:
Hearing Before the Subcomm. on Environment, Technology and Standards of
the House Comm. on Science, 107th Cong., 1st Sess. (Oct. 4, 2001).
e) NZ legal material:
Note: The above examples of US legal material can be used as models for NZ
legal material, e.g., a NZ statute can be modelled on (a) above; since it was
consulted online, details for Cited: (date) and Available from: (URL) are also
given:
Civil Aviation Act 1990 [NZ]. Pub. Act 1990 No. 98 (Aug 8, 1990) [cited
2011 Sep 9]. Available from:
http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1990/0098/latest/DLM214687.html

18. Map
Pratt B, Flick P, Vynne C, cartographers. Biodiversity hotspots [map].
Washington: Conservation International; 2000.
Dictionary and similar references
Dorland's illustrated medical dictionary. 29th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders;
2000. Filamin; p. 675.
(NB: This example shows how to reference a specific dictionary entry, in this
case the word “Filamin”).
Unpublished material
In press or Forthcoming
NB: the US National Library of Medicine prefers “Forthcoming” to “In
press” as not all items will be printed.
Tian D, Araki H, Stahl E, Bergelson J, Kreitman M. Signature of balancing
selection in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad
Sci U S A. Forthcoming 2002.
3.Electronic material
Note:
The basic elements to be included for a reference to electronic material in the
Vancouver style are listed below. The rules for electronic material are not as
clear as those for print material; and details of all these different elements may
not always be given in the electronic item. Include as many as are
possible/appropriate for the specific electronic item you are referencing.

19.  Primary responsibility (who produced the electronic material - person
or organisation)
 Title
 Type of medium (given in square brackets, e.g., [CD-ROM], [Internet]
 Subordinate responsibility (other person(s) or organization(s) involved
in producing the material)
 Edition
 Volume/issue (for serials)
 Place of publication
 Publisher’s name
 Date of publication
 Date last updated or revised
 Cited date (i.e., the date on which you accessed the material very
important with material found on the Web, which may be there one day
and gone the next - either completely removed, shifted somewhere else,
or completely rewritten)
 Series
 Notes (e.g., approx. number of pages or screens; details on
accompanying material, system requirements; publication frequency;
language; notes on other details)
 Available from: URL (web address from which the material is
available)
Database on the Internet
a) Open database (i.e., a database which is being actively updated and
maintained):
Who's Certified [Internet]. Evanston (IL): The American Board of Medical
Specialists. c2000 - [cited 2001 Mar 8]. Available from:

20. http://www.abms.org/newsearch.asp
PeriStats [Internet]. White Plains (NY): March of Dimes Perinatal Data Center.
c2007 - [cited 2007 Feb 1]. Available from:
http://www.marchofdimes.com/peristats/
Jablonski S. Online Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation
(MCA/MR) Syndromes [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of
Medicine (US), Medical Subject Headings Section; 2001 Apr [updated 2001
Nov 20; cited 2007 Jan 31]. Available from:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive//20061212/mesh/jablonski/syndrome_db.html
b) Closed database (i.e., a database which is no longer being updated or
maintained):
EARSS: the European Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System
[Internet]. Bilthoven (Netherlands): RIVM. 2001 - 2005 [cited 2007 Feb 1].
Available from: http://www.rivm.nl/earss/
DocFinder [Internet]. [place unknown]: Administrators in Medicine. c1997 -
c2005 [cited 2007 Feb 2]. Available from:
http://www.docboard.org/docfinder.html
Parts of /contributions to a database on the Internet
(a): Parts of a database
Individual records, tables, datasets, and the like are considered parts of
databases when they do not have individual authorship, i.e., they are written or
compiled by the authors of the database (compare 41(b), Contributions to a
database).

21. Jablonski S. Online Multiple Congenital Anomaly/Mental Retardation
(MCA/MR) Syndromes [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of
Medicine (US), Medical Subject Headings Section; 2001 Apr. Tariverdian
syndrome; [cited 2007 Mar 13]; [about 1 screen]. Available from:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/archive/20061212/mesh/jablonski/cgi/jablonski/syndr
ome_cgi87d6.html?term=Tariverdian+syndrome&field=name
Cornell University Poisonous Plants Informational Database [Internet]. Ithaca
(NY): Cornell University, Department of Animal Science. [date unknown] - .
Pyridine alkaloids; [updated 2001 Oct 4; cited 2007 Feb 16]; [about 2 screens].
Available from: http://www.ansci.cornell.edu/plants/toxicagents/pyridine.html
MeSH Browser (2011 MeSH) [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of
Medicine (US), Medical Subject Headings Section. [1999] - . Heart failure,
systolic; [cited 2011 Jul 8]; [about 1 screen]. Available from:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/cgi/mesh/2011/MB_cgi?mode=&index=24306
Drugdex [Internet]. Thomson Healthcare; c 1974 - . Drugdex evaluations:
Rivastigmine [cited 2008 Sep 3]; [about 50 screens]. Available from:
http://micromedex.hcn.net.au/aucklanduni-nz/ by entering rivastigmine in the
Search box, clicking the link to Results for Drugdex Evaluations, then clicking
the link to RIVASTIGMINE in the Titles and Synonyms section.
(NB: This example indicates how to refer to the document for a single drug
(Rivastigmine) in the Drugdex Evaluations part of the Drugdex database.
There is no specific URL for each separate Evaluation document, so you give
instructions on how to search for and find the information for the specific
drug.)
(b): Contributions to a database
When the records or other components of a database have individual

22. authorship, these are called contributions, and the references follow a different
pattern (compare 41(b), Parts of a database).
Bunyavejchevin S, Phupong V. Laparoscopic surgery for presumed benign
ovarian tumor during pregnancy. 2006 Oct 18 [amended 2007 Jun 14; cited
2007 Feb 20]. In: The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews [Internet].
Hoboken (NJ): John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. c1999 - . 129K. Available from:
http://www.mrw.interscience.wiley.com/cochrane/clsysrev/articles/CD005459/
pdf_fs.html Record No.: CD005459.
Rotchford JK. Single-use acupuncture needles: scanning electron-microscopy
of needle-tips [review]. 2002 Apr [cited 2007 Mar 9]. In: Rotchford JK, editor.
Acubriefs.com [Internet]. Port Townsend (WA): Best of Both Worlds
Foundation. [date unknown] - . [about 3 screens]. Available from:
http://www.acubriefs.com/wkstone/webkeystone.py?Profile=ABarticles/
search_whole_review.prof&ReviewID=146&UserID=biz_acubriefs Review
ID: 146.
British Cardiovascular Intervention Society. Number of coronary bypass
operations and percutaneous coronary interventions per year 1980-2004,
United Kingdom. 2005 [cited 2007 Mar 9]. In: Allender S, Peto V, Rayner M,
Scarborough P, Boxer A. heartstats: British Heart Foundation Statistics
Database [Internet]. London: British Heart Foundation. c2003 - [updated 2006
Nov 3]. [about 2 screens]. Available from:
http://www.heartstats.org/temp/Figsp3.3spweb06.xls
Sanofi-Aventis U.S. LLC. Ambien cr (zolpidem tartrate) tablet, coated. 2007
[rev. 2007 Sep; cited 2009 Apr]. In: DailyMed [Internet]. [2005] - . [about 20
p.]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US). Available from:
http://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?id=5420

23. 4.
5
2 mts
2 mts
5 mts
Enlisting
the example
for
Vancouver
style
Defining
the APA
style of
referencing
Guidelines
for writing
Example of a piece of text and references in the Vancouver style
Blood levels of total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL)
cholesterol have well-established relationships to the future risk of ischaemic
heart disease (IHD) (1, 2). Also, they are related to other important risk factors
for heart disease such as alcohol consumption (3), cigarette smoking (4) and
obesity (5).
using the Vancouver style with EndNote or RefWorks
All styles supplied with End Note, including the Vancouver style, may have
problems with the correct output of some reference types - in particular
references to materials found on the Web
American Psychological Association (APA) style:
Is one of several styles for academic writing. This Getting Started library
handout covers frequently used citation forms and refers to the Manual
(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association - BF 76.7
.P83 2010) and the Guide (APA Style Guide to Electronic References, May,
2012).
General Rules
Formatting:
Discussion
method
Teaching
method
lecturing
Discussion
Listening
and note
taking

24. APA style
of reference
 The preferred APA font is a serif type face such as Times New Roman
with 12-point size.
 Doublespace between all lines of text, including the reference list.
 Have uniform margins of at least 1 in. (2.54 cm) on all sides.
 Hanging indents should be used for the reference list entries.
 This means that all lines after the first line of each entry should be
indented one half inch from the left margin (in Word 2007 use
Paragraph>Special>Hanging).
 Arrange reference list entries in alphabetical order by the surname of
the first author or by title if there is no author.
 Use only the initial(s) of the author's given name, not the full name,
with a space between the initials.
 If the reference list includes two or more entries by the same author(s),
list them in chronological order (oldest first).
 If entries are by the same author with the same year, put them in
alphabetical order by first letter of the title.
 Add a lower case letter (a, b, etc.) after the year, within the parentheses.
 Capitalize only the first letter of the first word in the article or book
title.
 Proper nouns are also capitalized as well as the word following a colon
(subtitle). Journal titles should have every major word capitalized.
 Italicize journal titles, volume numbers and even the comma following
the journal title.
 Do not italicize issue numbers (i.e., the number which appears in
parentheses after the volume number).
 References cited in the text must appear in the reference list and vice
versa.
 The only exceptions to this rule are personal communications and

25. original works cited in secondary sources, which are cited in the text
only and are not included in the reference list.
Citations in Text
1. When using a direct quotation, include the page number of the quote
(sec. 6.03 p. 170).
Stereotypes have been defined as “generalized and usually value-laden
impressions that one’s social group uses in characterizing members of another
group” (Lindgren, 2001, p. 1617).
2. When paraphrasing an idea, the citation will include author(s) and date.
Author’s name given in the body of your paper: • Lindgren (2001) reported.
. .
Author’s name not given in the body of your paper: • A study of the
comparison process (Lindgren, 2001)
3. For electronic sources without page numbers, use the abbreviation
para.
If the paragraph number is not apparent, cite the section heading and the
paragraph number following it (sec. 6.05 p. 171).

26. 4. Order multiple works within the same parentheses as they would
appear in the reference list (sec. 6.16 p.177).
Past research (Heschl, 2001, 2005; Noonan & Johnson, 2002a, 2002b) has
shown…
5. For citations to original works taken from secondary sources, which you
should use sparingly (sec. 6.17 p. 178), list the work you have read (secondary
source) in the reference list and in-text add the words “as cited in” to the
parenthetical citation.
Berringer’s study found … (as cited in Gattrell, 2012).
6. Within a paragraph, when the name of the author is part of the narrative,
there is no need to include the year in subsequent non-parenthetical references
(sec. 6.11 p. 174).
Kurtz (2013) reported that cultural safety…. Kurtz also found….
REFLECTIVE LEARNING:
1. Importance of reference
2. What are the styles of reference.
3. APA abbrevation.
4. Important characteristics of Vancouver style of reference.

27. RESEARCH BASED LEARNING:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
R RADHAKRISHNAN (2011)
INTERACTIVE LEARNING:
Total batch devided into 4 groups and discussed regarding glaucoma.
INTERNET BASED LEARNING:
http://allaboutvision.com
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
SUMMARY
Today we have discussed about reference writing and APA ,
Vancouver style of writing reference and its guidelines to be followed while
writing the reference.
CONCLUSION
Vancouver is a "numbered" style, i.e., each reference you cite in the text of your

28. document is identified by a consecutive number, with a full description of each
reference inanumberedlistatthe end.
APA is one of several styles for academic writing. This Getting Started
library handout covers frequently used citation forms and refers to the Manual
(Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association - BF 76.7
.P83 2010) and the Guide (APA Style Guide to Electronic References, May,
2012).
ASSIGNMENT:[To be submitted on……..]
Assignment on “Vancouver style of reference writing”
References:
Teacherreference:
1. Martin MJ, Hulley SB, Browner WS, Kuller LH, Wentworth D. Serum
cholesterol, blood pressure, and mortality: implications from a cohort of
361,662 men. Lancet. 1986;2:933-6.
2. Gordon DJ, Probstfield JL, Garrison RJ, Neaton JD, Castelli WP, Knoke JD
et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol and cardiovascular disease; four
prospective American studies. Circulation. 1989;79:8-15.
3. Gordon T, Ernst N, Fisher M, Rifkin BM. Alcohol and high-density
lipoprotein cholesterol. Circulation. 1981;4 (Suppl III):63-7.

29. 4. Craig WY, Palomaki GE, Haddow JE. Cigarette smoking and serum lipid
and lipoprotein concentrations: an analysis of published data. BMJ.
1989;298:784-8.
5. Anderson AJ, Sobocinski KA, Freedman DS, Barboriak JJ, Rimm AA,
Gruchow HW. Body fat distribution, plasma lipids and lipoproteins.
Arteriosclerosis. 1988;8:88-94.
6. US National Library of Medicine. International Committee of Medical
Journal Editors (ICMJE) recommendations for the conduct, reporting, editing
and publication of scholarly work in medical journals: sample references
[Internet] [updated 2016 Dec 28; cited 2017 May 24]. Available from:
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/bsd/uniform_requirements.html
7. International Committee of Medical Journal Editors. Recommendations for
the conduct, reporting, editing, and publication of scholarly work in medical
journals. [Internet] [updated 2016 Dec; cited 2017 May 24]. Available from:
http://www.icmje.org/icmje-recommendations.pdf
8. Patrias K. Citing medicine: the NLM style guide for authors, editors, and
publishers [Internet]. 2nd ed. Wendling DL, technical editor. Bethesda (MD):
National Library of Medicine (US); 2007 - [updated 2015 Oct 2; cited 2017
May 24]. Available from: http://www.nlm.nih.gov/citingmedicine
Student reference:
1. A text book of nursing research by SHARMA , 2009, page no 188-192
2. A text book of nursing research by POLIT 2004, page no 226-229.
3. A text book of nursing research and statistics by B.T
BASAVANTHAPPA page no 103-109..