The document provides information about learning resources and references. It defines learning resources as devices and procedures that help make teaching and learning more effective. Reference manuals are guides containing organized information in a summary form. The document discusses different types of referencing styles including Harvard, Vancouver, and APA styles. It provides examples of how to format citations and references in text and reference lists using these various styles.

3. LEARNING RESOURCES:
Journals; Latest Reference
Manuals & Internet
Prepared by:
Prabita Shrestha
Roll No. : 13
B.Sc. Nursing 4th Year

4. LEARNING
• It is a process of bringing changes in
behavior of the learner through experience.
• It results in the acquisition of knowledge,
skill, interests, attitudes etc..

5. RESOURCES
• A resource is a source from which benefit is
produced.
• It is acquired to accomplish activity or to
achieve desired outcomes.

6. LEARNING RESOURCES
Learning resources are those devices and procedures that help to make teaching
and learning more interesting, more stimulating, more reinforcing and more
effective.
Learning resources are texts, videos, software, and other materials that teachers
use to assist students to meet the expectations for learning defined by provincial or
local curricula.
Before a learning resource is used in a classroom, it must be evaluated and
approved at either the provincial or local level. Evaluation criteria may include
curriculum fit, social considerations, and age or developmental appropriateness.

9. INTRODUCTION:
The word “journal” is derived through French from Latin word “diurnalis”
meaning “daily”.
A journal is a collection of articles usually written by scholars in an academic or
professional field.
Articles in journals can cover very specific topics or narrow fields of research.
Since journals are published on a regular or periodic basis they are grouped in the
category called “periodicals”.
Electronic journals, called e-journals, are published on the web by some scholarly
organizations and are made available to you from your library.

10. DEFINITION
A journal is:
A book in which you write down your personal experiences and thoughts
A newspaper
A magazine that reports on things of special interest to a particular group of people
Source: Merriam-Webster's learner's dictionary
Journal is a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or
professional activity.
-Oxford Dictionary

11. TYPES OF JOURNALS
1. Academic/scholarly journals: Often devoted to a single discipline or sub
discipline. E.g.: Australian Journal of Psychology
2. Trade journals: Covers practical information related to a field or industry. E.g.:
Nursing Times
3. Current affairs/opinion magazines: Covers a wide range of topics of interest
to the readership. E.g.: Current Affairs Bulletin
4. Popular magazines: Often focused on a particular subject or hobby but may
also cover a variety of topics. E.g.: National Geographic
5. Newspapers: Encompass current events in politics, sports, leisure, religion and
business. E.g.: Morning Bulletin

12. NURSING JOURNALS
Typically, nursing journals consist of articles written by nurses. Articles may be
based on theory or practical, sometimes it also includes research.
Nowadays journals also include questions asked by nurses and reply given by
professionals, recent research about disease and condition related to Nursing, quiz
to increase knowledge, different data, nursing report, current issues, etc.
Most of the journals are produced in regular basis like monthly, biannually, yearly,
etc.

13. PURPOSES OF A JOURNAL
To update knowledge about different topics in nursing as well as other
disciplines.
To study different viewpoints on the subject.
For advancement in scientific knowledge and technology.
When doing scholarly research.
To find out what has been studied on the selected topic.
To facilitate scholarly communication, and maintain the record of scientific
advance.

14. EXAMPLES OF JOURNALS
The Historian
Journal of Accountancy
American Journal of Psychology
Political Science Quarterly
Sociological Review
Medical Surgical Journal

15. ADVANTAGES OF A JOURNAL
1. Health messages can be published in local languages which can reach to the
public easily.
2. The information will be available in low cost.
3. Easy to read and understand as it is written in a simple language.
4. The students may learn to read and interpret the contents along with pictures to
enhance easy grasping.
5. Many teachers have found journals to be an effective method of communicating
with their students by asking the students to keep journals related to their
learning in a particular subject.
6. Students can write about topics that are important to them, they can tell stories,
ask questions, or just converse with teacher or writing partner.
7. Promotes active reading thus reinforcing knowledge

16. DISADVANTAGES OF A JOURNAL
1. The topics which we need may not be available.
2. May be published only yearly or bi-monthly not daily or monthly.
3. Long process is needed for publishing articles.
4. Publication fees should be paid.
5. Other may copy your ideas in online journals.

17. CONCLUSION
Journal is a newspaper or magazine that deals with a particular subject or
professional activity. Its types are: Academic/scholarly journals, Trade journals,
Current affairs/opinion magazines, Popular magazines and Newspapers. The main
purpose of journal is to update knowledge about different topics in nursing as well
as other disciplines. So, journal is one of the important learning resource in our
competitive world.

19. INTRODUCTION
Reference means someone or something which is a source of information about a
subject.
Manual is defined as a guidebook that tells you how to operate something or do
something.
Manual is:
A handbook.
A booklet that instructs on the usage of a particular machine.
So, reference manual is a guidebook which contains a source of information
about a subject.

20. DEFINITION
Reference manual is a manual containing information organized in a summary
manner.
-The Free Dictionary
Referencing is a method used to demonstrate to your readers that you have
conducted a thorough and appropriate literature search, and reading.
Equally, referencing is an acknowledgement that you have used the ideas and
written material belonging to other authors in your own work.

21. PURPOSES
To allow readers to locate original sources themselves
To acknowledge the source of information used in your assignment.
To carry out successful research.
To enhances the presentation of your work: it shows that your writing is based on
knowledge and informed by appropriate academic reading.
To legalize your work.
To reduce plagiarism.
Documentation

22. TYPES OF REFERENCING
1. Harvard referencing
2. Vancouver style of references
3. APA style of references

23. 1. Harvard Referencing
Harvard is a style of referencing, primarily used by university students, to cite
information sources.
Two types of citations are included:
1. In-text citations are used when directly quoting or paraphrasing a source. They
are located in the body of the work and contain a fragment of the full citation.
E.g.: "After that I lived like a young rajah in all the capitals of
Europe…"(Fitzgerald, 2004).
2. Reference lists are located at the end of the work and display full citations for
sources used in the assignment. E.g.: Fitzgerald, F. (2004). The great Gatsby.
New York: Scribner.

24. Harvard reference list overview
Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the author’s last name.
Each citation in a reference list includes various pieces of information including the:
1) Name of the author(s)
2) Year published
3) Title
4) City published
5) Publisher
6) Pages used
Generally, Harvard reference list citations follow this format:
Last name, First initial. (Year published). Title. City: publisher, page(s).

25. 2. Vancouver style of references
The Vancouver style or uniform requirements style, is based on an American
national standards institute (ANSI) standard adapted by the national library of
medicine (NLM) for databases such as medicine.
It was developed in Vancouver in 1978 by editors of medical journals.
Vancouver is a numbered referencing style commonly used in medicine and
science, and consists of:
oCitations to someone else's work in the text, indicated by the use of a number
oA sequentially numbered reference list at the end of the document providing full
details of the corresponding in-text reference

26. 1. Citing one author
Recent research (1) indicates that the number of duplicate papers being published is
increasing.
Or
Recent research1 indicates that the number of duplicate papers being published is
increasing.
Citations using the Vancouver Style

27. Citations using the Vancouver Style
2. Citing more than one piece of work at the same time
If you want to cite several pieces of work in the same sentence, you will need to
include the citation number for each piece of work. A hyphen should be used to
link numbers which are inclusive, and a comma used where numbers are not
consecutive.
The following is an example where works 6, 7, 8, 9, 13 and 15 have been cited in
the same place in the text.
Several studies (6–9,13,15) have examined the effect of congestion charging
in urban areas.

28. Citations using the Vancouver Style
3. Citing the author’s name in your text
You can use the author’s name in your text, but you must insert the citation
number as well.
As emphasized by Watkins (2) carers of diabetes sufferers ‘require perseverance
and an understanding of humanity’ (p.1).
4. Citing more than one author’s name in your text
If a work has more than one author and you want to cite author names in your text,
use ‘et al.’After the first author.
Simons et al. (3) state that the principle of effective stress is ‘imperfectly known
and understood by many practicing engineers’ (p.4).

29. When using the Vancouver style, the reference list should be in numerical order
and each number matches and refers to the one in the text.
The list should be at the end of your work.
Books, paper or electronic journal articles, etc., Are written in a particular format
that must be followed.
References using the Vancouver Style

30. References using the Vancouver Style
For all types of references the key bits of information you need to start with are:
i. Author or editor
ii. Date of publication / broadcast / recording
iii. Title of the item
This will form the basis of each reference you have to write.

31. Depending on the type of material you want to reference you will also
need other bits of information, such as:
Name of publisher
Place of publication
Page numbers
Volume number
Issue number
DOI (link for journal articles)
Title of conference proceedings
URL (website or web page address)
Report number
Book or conference editor (if not your primary
author)
Book or conference title (if not your primary
title)
Journal title (the journal article title will be
your primary title)
Date of access (for online material)
References using the Vancouver Style

32. BOOK: PRINT
Author / editor (if it is an editor always put (ed.) After the name)
Title (this should be in italics)
Series title and number (if part of a series)
Edition (if not the first edition)
Place of publication (if there is more than one place listed, use the first named)
Publisher
Year of publication
Simons NE, Menzies B, Matthews M. A Short Course in Soil and Rock Slope
Engineering. London: Thomas Telford Publishing; 2001.

33. JOURNAL ARTICLE: PRINT
Author
Title of journal article
Title of journal (this should be in italics)
Year of publication
Volume number
(issue number)
Page numbers of the article
Chhibber PK, Majumdar SK. Foreign ownership and profitability: Property rights,
control, and the performance of firms in Indian industry. Journal of Law &
Economics. 1999;42(1): 209–238.

34. JOURNAL ARTICLE: ONLINE / ELECTRONIC
Author
Title of journal article
Title of journal (this should be in italics)
Year of publication
Volume number
(issue number)
Page numbers of the article
Available from: URL or DOI
[date of access]
Arrami M, Garner H. A tale of two citations. Nature. 2008;451(7177): 397–399.
Available from: http://www.Nature.Com/nature/journal/v451/n7177/full/451397a.html
[Accessed 20th January 2015].

35. 3. APA STYLE
•APA is one of many referencing styles used in academic writing.
•APA stands for American Psychological Association.

36. IN TEXT CITATIONS
•Even though you have put someone else’s ideas or information in your own words (i.e.
paraphrased), you still need to show where the original idea or information came from.
This is all part of the academic writing process.
•When citing in text with in an assignment, use the author/s (or editor/s) last name
followed by the year of publication.

37. Example:
Water is a necessary part of every person’s diet and of all the nutrients a body needs to function,
it requires more water each day than any other nutrient (Whitney & Rolfes, 2011).
or
Whitney and Rolfes (2011) state the body requires many nutrients to function but highlight that
water is of greater importance than any other nutrient.
or
Water is an essential element of anyone’s diet and Whitney and Rolfes (2011) emphasise it is
more important than any other nutrient.
Reference list entry:
Whitney, E., & Rolfes, S. (2011). Understanding nutrition (12th ed.). Australia: Wadsworth
Cengage Learning.
Note: this book did not have a city for place of publication, just a country.
IN TEXT CITATIONS

38. Three, four or five authors
If a work has three (3), four (4) or five (5) authors, cite all authors the first time and
from then on include only the last name of the first author followed by the words et al.
(‘et al.’ is Latin for ‘and others’)
Example:
Research can be defined as a systematic method of creating new knowledge or a way to
verify existing knowledge (Watson, McKenna, Cowman & Keady, 2008).
Deciding on a research method demands the researcher consider carefully the problem
or area of investigation being researched (Watson et al., 2008).
Reference list entry:
Watson, R., McKenna, H., Cowman, S., & Keady, K. (Eds.). (2008). Nursing reseach:
Designs and methods. Edinburgh, Scotland: Churchill Livingstone Elsevier.
Note: The people were identified as the editors, hence ‘(Eds.)’ is a shortened version of
Editors.

39. Six or seven authors
If a work has six (6) or more authors, cite only the last name of the first author followed
by et al. each time you refer to this work.
Example:
(Mikosch et al., 2010)
Reference list entry: When a source has up to seven (7) authors, include all names in
the reference list.
Mikosch, P., Hadrawa, T., Laubreiter, K., Brandl, J., Pilz, J., Stettner, H., & Grimm, G.
(2010). Effectiveness of respiratory-sinus-arrhythmia biofeedback on state-
anxiety in patients undergoing coronary angiography. Journal of Advanced
Nursing, 66(5), 1101-1110.

40. Eight or more authors
When there are eight (8) or more authors, cite only the last name of the first author
followed by ‘et al.’ each time you refer to this work.
Example: (Vissing et al., 2004)
Note in the reference list: When there are eight (8) or more authors, include the first six
(6) authors names and then use ellipsis points (...) before concluding with the last
author’s name.
Reference list entry:
Vissing, K., Brink, M., Lonbro, S., Sorensen, H., Overgaard, K., Danborg, K., ...
Aagaard, P. (2008). Muscle adaptations to plyometric vs. resistance training in
untrained young men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(6),
1799-1810.

41. Groups as authors
The names of groups that serve as authors (e.g., corporations, associations, government
agencies) are usually written in full each time they appear in a text citation. The names of
some group authors (e.g., associations, government agencies) are spelled out in the first
citation and abbreviated thereafter. In deciding whether to abbreviate the name of a group
author, use the general rule that you need to give enough information in the text citation
for the reader to locate the entry in the reference list without difficulty. Some groups are
recognised by an abbreviation (e.g., WHO for World Health Organisation). Refer to the
APA manual, 2010, p. 176.
First text citation: (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2007).
Second & subsequent citations: (MOH, 2007).
Reference list entry:
Ministry of Health. (2007). Looking at long-term residential care in a rest home or
hospital: What you need to know. Wellington, New Zealand: Author.

42. REFERENCING IN APA STYLE
Basic rules
1. The reference list is arranged in alphabetical order of the authors’ last names.
2. If there is more than one work by the same author, order them by publication date
– oldest to newest (therefore a 2004 publication would appear before a 2008
publication).
3. If there is no author the title moves to that position and the entry is alphabetized by
the first significant word, excluding words such as “A” or “The”. If the title is long,
it may be shortened when citing in text.
4. Use “&” instead of “and” when listing multiple authors of a source.
5. The first line of the reference list entry is left-hand justified, while all subsequent
lines are consistently indented.

43. 6. Capitalise only the first word of the title and of the subtitle, if there is one, plus
any proper names – i. e. only those words that would normally be capitalised.
7. Italicise the title of the book, the title of the journal/serial and the title of the
web document.
8. Do not create separate lists for each type of information source. Books, articles,
web documents, brochures, etc. are all arranged alphabetically in one list.
REFERENCING IN APA STYLE

44. BOOKS
1. Author/s or Editor/s last name (surname) appears first, followed by initials (Bloggs, J.).
2. Year of publication in brackets (2010).
3. Full title of the book. Capitalise only the first word of the title and the subtitle, if any, and
proper names. Italicise the title. Use a colon (:) between the title and subtitle.
4. Include the edition number, if applicable, in brackets after the title or subtitle (3rd ed.) or
(Rev. ed.).Note: No full stop, after the title, if there is an edition.
5. Place of publication. Always include the city and 2-letter state code when published inside
the USA, and the city & country, if published outside the USA (Fort Bragg, CA or
Auckland, New Zealand or Benalla, Australia or Weybridge, England). If there are two or
more places included in the source, then use the first one listed.
6. Publisher’s name. Provide this as briefly as possible. Do not use terms such as Publishers,
Co., or Inc. but include the words Books & Press. When the author and the publisher are the
same, use the word Author as the name of the publisher.

45. Book – one author
Collier, A. (2008). The world of tourism and travel. Rosedale, New Zealand:
Pearson Education New Zealand.
Book – place of publication
Note: always include the city and 2-letter state code when published inside the
USA, and city & country if published outside the USA.
Airey, D. (2010). Logo design love: A guide to creating iconic brand identities.
Berkeley, CA: New Riders.
Stein, R. (2001). Rick Stein’s seafood. London, England: BBC.
Book – editor
Wepa, D. (Ed.). (2005). Cultural safety in Aotearoa New Zealand. Auckland, New
Zealand: Pearson Education New Zealand.

46. Book – editors & edition
Collins, C., & Jackson, S. (Eds.). (2007). Sport in Aotearoa/New Zealand society
(2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Australia: Thomson.
Book – author & publisher are the same
MidCentral District Health Board. (2008). District annual plan 2008/09. Palmerston
North, New Zealand: Author.
Chapter in an edited book
Dear, J., & Underwood, M. (2007). What is the role of exercise in the prevention of
back pain? In D. MacAuley & T. Best (Eds.), Evidence-based sports medicine
(2nd ed., pp. 257-280). Malden, MA: Blackwell.

47. SERIAL/JOURNAL ARTICLES
1. Author/s last name (surname) first, followed by initials.
2. Year of publication in brackets. (2012)
3. Title of article. Capitalise only the first word of the title and the subtitle, if any, and proper
names. Use a colon (:) between the title and subtitle.
4. Title of the serial/journal in full in italics.
5. Volume number, in italics. Do not use “Vol.” before the number.
6. Issue number. This is bracketed immediately after the volume number but not italicised.
7. Month, season or other designation of publication if there is no volume or issue number.
8. Include all page numbers.
9. Include any Digital Object Identifiers [DOI].

48. Serial / journal article (print)
Thompson, C. (2010). Facebook: Cautionary tales for nurses. Kai Tiaki: Nursing New
Zealand, 16(7), 26.
Serial / journal article – more than one author (print)
Gabbett, T., Jenkins, D., & Abernethy, B. (2010). Physical collisions and injury during
professional rugby league skills training. Journal of Science and Medicine in
Sport, 13(6), 578-583.
Serial / journal – more than one author (online– DOI)
Gabbett, T., Jenkins, D., & Abernethy, B. (2010). Physical collisions and injury during
professional rugby league skills training. Journal of Science and Medicine in
Sport, 13(6), 578-583. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2010.03.007
Serial / Journal article – 8 or more authors (online – no DOI)
Crooks, C., Ameratunga, R., Brewerton, M., Torok, M., Buetow, S., Brothers, S., …
Jorgensen, P. (2010). Adverse reactions to food in New Zealand children aged 0-5
years. New Zealand Medical Journal, 123(1327). Retrieved from
http://www.nzma.org.nz/journal/123-1327/4469/

49. INTERNET SOURCES
1. Author/s of the document or information – individual or organisation/corporate author.
2. Date of publication. If no date is available use (n.d.).
3. Title of the document or webpage in italics.
4. Complete & correct web address/URL.
Note: APA 6th ed. does not require a retrieval date for most online information,
although, the APA manual states to include a retrieval date for material that may change
over time.

50. Internet – no author, no date
Reference list:
Pet therapy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.holisticonline.com/stress/stress_pet-
therapy.htm
In-text citation:
(Pet therapy, n.d.).
Internet – Organisation / Corporate author
Reference list:
Ministry of Health. (2008). Drug policy in New Zealand. Retrieved from
http://www.moh.govt.nz/moh.nsf/wpg_index/About-drugs
In-text citation:
First time cited: (Ministry of Health [MOH], 2008).
Second and subsequent citations: (MOH, 2008).
SPCA New Zealand. (2011). Your dog may be dying from the heat [Press release].
Retrieved from http://www.rnzspca.org.nz/news/press-releases/360-your-dog-may-
be-dying-from-the-heat
In-text citation:
(SPCA New Zealand, 2011).

51. Thesis (print)
Smith, T. L. (2008). Change, choice and difference: The case of RN to BN degree
programmes for registered nurses (Master’s thesis). Victoria University of
Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand.
Thesis (online)
Mann, D. L. (2010). Vision and expertise for interceptive actions in sport (Doctoral
dissertation, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia). Retrieved
from http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/44704

52. ADVANTAGES
1. It gives information quickly at a glance.
2. It enhances the presentation of your work: it shows that your writing is based on
knowledge and informed by appropriate academic reading.
3. It can trace the sources you have used in the development of your work, and give
you credit for your research efforts and quality.
4. It helps to reduce plagiarism.
5. It correctly enables the reader of your assignment to locate the source of the
information. They can verify the information or read further on the topic.
6. It also allows for you to retrace your steps and locate information you have used
for assignments and discover further views or ideas discussed by the author.

53. DISADVANTAGES
1. Adequate knowledge is required for writing references.
2. Time consuming

54. CONCLUSION
Referencing is a method used to demonstrate to your readers that you have
conducted a thorough and appropriate literature search, and reading. It is used uo
allow readers to locate original sources themselves and acknowledge the source of
information used in your assignment. Its types are: Harvard referencing, Vancouver
style of references and APA style of references. The most commonly used style is
APA style.

57. INTRODUCTION
Internet is a network of network.
It is also called net.
It is a global system of interconnected computer networks that links thousands of
computers at universities, research institutions, government agencies and business
houses throughout the world.
Messages or information sent or received on the internet is in the form of files.
In internet, computers communicate with each other through the transmission
control protocol/internet protocol.

58. DEFINITION
Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in
the world via dedicated routers or servers.
When two computers are connected over the Internet, they can send and receive
all kinds of information such as text, graphics, voice and computer programs.

59. PURPOSES
Tutoring
Distance learning
Researching
Communication
Studying
Playing games
Selling and buying things
Entertainment

60. SCOPE
1. E-mail
2. Chatting
3. Search engine
4. E-learning
5. Entertainment

62. UNLIMITED COMMUNICATION

63. ABUNDANT INFORMATION AND RESOURCES

64. EASY SHARING

65. ONLINE SERVICES AND E-COMMERCE

66. ENTERTAINMENT

67. ADVANTAGES
1. Messages can be transmitted in a few seconds.
2. Message can be sent at any time as per sender’s convenience.
3. Information is received with no much effort.
4. In e-learning, students study on their self at home, offices and communicate via
mail, chat room, instant messaging.
5. Helps in generating new ideas with various references.
6. Student’s living room is created as virtual classroom due to the communication
with instructor and the friends.

69. VIRUS, TROJAN & OTHER MALWARE

70. LEAKAGE OF PRIVATE INFORMATION

71. INTERNET ADDICTION

72. KIDS EXPOSED TO ADULTS-ONLY CONTENT

73. DISADVANTAGES
1. Reduces the creative learning process.
2. Every places may not have internet access.
3. May be expensive way of communication or teaching learning media.
4. There is a lot of wrong information on the internet. Anyone can post anything,
and much of it is garbage.
5. Easy to waste a lot of time on the internet. You can start surfing, and then
realize far more time has passed than you realized. Internet and television
together of added to the more sedentary lifestyles of people which further
exacerbates the obesity problem.

74. CONCLUSION
Internet is a means of connecting a computer to any other computer anywhere in the
world via dedicated routers or servers. Its purpose are : tutoring, distance learning,
researching, communication, studying, playing games, selling and buying things,
and entertainment. The internet today is a widespread information infrastructure.

75. BIBLIOGRAPHY
A Beginner’s Guide to the APA 6th ed. Referencing Style. (2011). Retrieved from
https://repository.wi.edu.au/alfresco/d/d/workspace/SpacesStore/b9ea99d1-7b37- 4f7c-
b909-e5d8e413632c/APA%20Referencing%20Guide_6th%20Edition_2012.pdf
Academic journals. (2013). Scholarship-Positions. Retrieved from
http://scholarship-positions.com/blog/academic-journals-benefits-drawbacks/201308/
Advantages and disadvantages of internet. (n.d.). Enkivillage. Retrieved from
http://www.enkivillage.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-internet.html
Citing & Referencing: Vancouver Style. (n.d.). Retrieved from
https://www.imperial.ac.uk/media/imperial-college/administration-and-support-
services/library/public/vancouver.pdf
Handbook and manuals. (n.d.). Reference for Business. Retrieved from
http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Gov-Inc/Handbooks-and-
Manuals.html

76. CONT…
Harvard Referencing: Free Tool. (n.d.). Retrieved from
http://www.citethisforme.com/harvard- referencing
Internet. (n.d.). Business dictionary. Retrieved on June 26, 2016, from
http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/internet.html
Journals. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://library.ccsu.edu/TILT/nf/module1/journal.html
Ministry of Education. (n.d.). Learning resources. Retrieved from
https://www.bced.gov.bc.ca/irp_resources/
Rai, S.K., & Khati K.S. (2016). References bibiliograpy and appendices. A Textbook of Nursing
Research and Statistics (1st ed., pp. 169-193). Kathmandu, Nepal: Vidhyarthi Prakashan
Ltd.
Shrestha, R. (2016). Teaching/learning media. A Textbook of Educational Science in Nursing
(1st ed., pp. 159-163). Kathmandu, Nepal: Vidhyarthi Pustak Bhandar.