The ppt covers the following topics-
1. MICROBES
2. MICROBIAL CONTROL
2.1.Reason for microbial control
2.2.Methods of microbial control
3. ANTIBIOTIC
3.1.Definition
3.2.History of antibiotic discovery
4. MAJOR ANTIBIOTIC
4.1.PENICILLINS
4.1.1 Action , organisms and biosynthesis of penicillin
4.2.CEPHALOSPORINS
4.2.1 organism and biosynthesis
4.3.AROMATIC ANTIBIOTICS
4.4.NUCLEOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS
5. APPLICATIONS OF ANTIBIOTIC
6. SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC
7. CONCLUSION
Pharmacology of Penicllins (Beta lactam antibiotics), description of their mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, classification, indications and adverse effects
To understand the mechanisms of antimicrobial action and the classification of antimicrobial drugs.
To explain the process of microbial resistance.
To understand the spread of resistant microbes.
Outlines the prevention of microbial resistance.
Direct Download Link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/antibacterial-agents/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Antibacterial Agents/ antibiotics (Ocular Pharmacology)
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Introduction to antimicrobial drugs
Classification of antimicrobial drugs
Antibacterial drugs:
- Classification
- Indications
- Side effects
Antibacterial Resistance
Antimicrobial drugs are chemotherapeutic drugs
Two categories: – Antibiotics : Antimicrobial drugs produced by microorganisms
– Synthetic drugs : Antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab
..............................................
For Further Reading
oTextbook of microbiology by Ananthanarayan & Paniker
o Essentials of Medical Pharmacology KD Tripathi
o Basic & Clinical Pharmacology by Bertram G. Katzung
o Ophthalmic Drugs by Graham Hopkins and Richard Pearson
o Internet
General Principles of Antimicrobial Selection - 2018Arwa M. Amin
Module: Pharmacology and Therapeutics III, (Therapeutics part)
Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Undergraduate, B.Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This presentation is for Educational purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it
The ppt covers the following topics-
1. MICROBES
2. MICROBIAL CONTROL
2.1.Reason for microbial control
2.2.Methods of microbial control
3. ANTIBIOTIC
3.1.Definition
3.2.History of antibiotic discovery
4. MAJOR ANTIBIOTIC
4.1.PENICILLINS
4.1.1 Action , organisms and biosynthesis of penicillin
4.2.CEPHALOSPORINS
4.2.1 organism and biosynthesis
4.3.AROMATIC ANTIBIOTICS
4.4.NUCLEOSIDE ANTIBIOTICS
5. APPLICATIONS OF ANTIBIOTIC
6. SIDE EFFECTS OF ANTIBIOTIC
7. CONCLUSION
Pharmacology of Penicllins (Beta lactam antibiotics), description of their mechanism of action, mechanism of resistance, classification, indications and adverse effects
To understand the mechanisms of antimicrobial action and the classification of antimicrobial drugs.
To explain the process of microbial resistance.
To understand the spread of resistant microbes.
Outlines the prevention of microbial resistance.
Direct Download Link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/antibacterial-agents/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com ❤❤❤
Antibacterial Agents/ antibiotics (Ocular Pharmacology)
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Introduction to antimicrobial drugs
Classification of antimicrobial drugs
Antibacterial drugs:
- Classification
- Indications
- Side effects
Antibacterial Resistance
Antimicrobial drugs are chemotherapeutic drugs
Two categories: – Antibiotics : Antimicrobial drugs produced by microorganisms
– Synthetic drugs : Antimicrobial drugs synthesized in the lab
..............................................
For Further Reading
oTextbook of microbiology by Ananthanarayan & Paniker
o Essentials of Medical Pharmacology KD Tripathi
o Basic & Clinical Pharmacology by Bertram G. Katzung
o Ophthalmic Drugs by Graham Hopkins and Richard Pearson
o Internet
General Principles of Antimicrobial Selection - 2018Arwa M. Amin
Module: Pharmacology and Therapeutics III, (Therapeutics part)
Coordinator: Dr. Arwa M. Amin Mostafa
Academic Level: Undergraduate, B.Pharmacy
School: Dubai Pharmacy College
Year of first presented in Class: 2018
This presentation is for Educational purpose. It has no commercial value associated with it
Antibiotics,antibiotics resistances,classification of antibiotics,misuse of antibiotics details discussed here. for more information visit my blog helpful for pharmacy and medical student.thanks.
http://mydreamlan.wordpress.com/category/education/
An antibiotic is a type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria and is the most important type of antibacterial agent for fighting bacterial infections.
Antibiotic is a chemical that is produced by a micro-organism and that, in a relatively high dilution, inhibits the growth or reproduction of some other micro-organism.
Penicillins are bactericidal antibiotics as they kill the micro-organisms when used at therapeutic dose.
The webinar and I need to know you are doing well and the proper way to wear surgical mask on the same day as the basic unit of the kidney is called onco intelligence building in
Antibiotic originally was intended to cure and treat disease. However, because of lack of proper education and awareness campaign, antibiotics now are widely abuse and misuse. Such abuse and misuse of antibiotics today are the culprit why we have emergence of new diseases and Bacterial Resistance.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
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Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
3. DEFINATIONS
Antibiotics, also called antibacterials, are a type of antimicrobial
drug used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.
They may either kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria. A limited
number of antibiotics also possess antiprotozoal activity.
Antibiotics are not effective against viruses such as the common
cold or influenza, and their inappropriate use allows the
emergence of resistant organisms.
4. ACTIONS
Bactericidal = kill bacteria
Bacteriostatic = Inhibits growth of Susceptible
Bacteria, rather them killing them immediately will
eventually leads to Bacterial Death.
5. HISTORY
In 1928, Alexander Fleming identified penicillin, the first
chemical compound with antibiotic properties. Fleming was
working on a culture of disease-causing bacteria when he
noticed the spores of a little green mold (Penicillium
chrysogenum), in one of his culture plates. He observed that
the presence of the mold killed or prevented the growth of
the bacteria.
8. HOW ANTIBIOTICS WORK
Block protein formation.
Macrolides
Tetracycline
Aminoglycosides
Inhibits cell formation
Interfere with DNA formation
Nalidixic acid
Prevent folic acid synthesis
Sulfonamides
9. SULFONAMIDES
One of the first group of antibacterial agents having
Bacteriostatic action.
Prevent synthesis of folic acid.
Does’nt effect human cells.
TREAT:- Urinary Tract Infections.(URIs)
11. PENICILLIN
First introduced in the 1940s
Bactericidal: inhibits cell wall synthesis
Kill a wide variety of bacteria
Also called “beta-lactams”
Prevention and treatment from infection caused by
susceptible bacteria such as :-
• Gram +ve bacteria
13. MECHANISM OF ACTION
Penicillin enters the bacteria via cell wall.
Inside the cell , they bind to penicillin-binding protein.
Once bound, normal cell wall synthesis was disrupted.
Because of this bacteria dies from cell lysis.
Penicllin do not kill other other cells in the body.
16. CEPHALOSPORINS
Semisynthetic derivatives from a fungus
Structurally and pharmacologically related
to penicillins
Bactericidal action
Broad spectrum
Divided into groups according to their antimicrobial activity
19. Tetracyclines
Bind to Ca2+ and Mg2+ and Al3+ ions to
form insoluble complexes
Thus, dairy products, antacids, and iron
salts reduce absorption of tetracyclines
20. Tetracyclines: uses
Acne
Chronic bronchitis
Lyme disease
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
Rickettsia infection
Some venereal diseases, such as Chlamydia infection
Traveler’s diarrhea
21. ADVERSE EFFECT
Discoloration of permanent teeth and tooth
enamel in fetuses and children
May retard fetal skeletal development if taken
during pregnancy
Diarrhea
26. AMINOGLYCOSIDES: USES
Used to kill gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas
spp., E. coli, Proteus spp., Klebsiella spp., Serratia spp.
Often used in combination with other antibiotics for
synergistic effect.
31. Antibiotic resistance
The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms
to resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they
were once sensitive. Antibiotic resistance is a
major concern of overuse of antibiotics. Also
known as drug resistance.
Therefore a great care should be taken before
taking antibiotics and it should be only taken on
the advice of Pharmacist or a Doctor.