SlideShare a Scribd company logo
Anti Cancer activity of
Medicinal Plants
Thesis-Part-1
• Presentation
• Prepared by Sk Abu Raihan Abdullah
• MBT,3rd Sem,NITMAS
What is Medicinal plant ?
Medicinal plants are plants that have a
recognized medical use.
Medicinal plants refer to using a plant’s
seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark or
flowers for medicinal purposes.
Their use ranges the production of
mainstream pharmaceutical products to
herbal medicine preparations.
Herbal medicine is one of the oldest
forms of medical treatment in human
history and could be considered one of
the forerunners of the modern
pharmaceutical trade.
Medicinal plants contain active chemical
constituents in any of their parts like root,
stem, leaves, bark, fruit and seeds which
produce a definite curing physiological
response in the treatment of various
ailments in human and other animals.
Medicinal plants are primary source of
health care throughout the world for
thousand of years.
Why Medicinal Plants use
for Cancer Treatment
All over the world cancer is one of the
most serious health problems that affect
the duration and quality of the individuals’
life.
As the conventional therapeutic strategies
fail to full fill the major requirements for a
successful cancer therapy. The use of
naturally developed anticancer agents has
evolved as an alternative safe, low-cost and
convenient one.
Therefore, the use of plant extracts
with potential anticancer therapeutic
effects might be particularly
significant.
A lot of medicinal plants, traditionally
used for thousands of years, are present
in a group of herbal preparations of the
Indian traditional health care system
(Ayurveda) named Rasayana proposed
for their interesting antioxidant and anti
cancer activities.
The therapeutic potential of plants leaf extract
Plant Scientific Name Type of extraction Proposed active material
1. Solanum viarum Ether Solasodine glycoalkaloid
(Tropical Soda Apple)
2. Acanthus illicifolious Methanol Triterpenoids,Flavonoids,
(Harkucha Kanta) Alkaloids
3. Annona squamosa Ethyl acetate Acetogenins,Alkaloids,
(Custard Apple) Dofamine
4 Alstonia scholaris Methanol Alkaloids,Flavonoids
(Chatium)
5. Calotropis gigantea Ethanol Triterpenoids,Flavonol
(Akanda) Glycosides
Solanum viarum Dunal, belongs to
the family Solanaceae, commonly
called Tropical Soda Apple (TSA) is
a shallow rooted, profusely
branched, perennial shrub. It is
native plant of Argentina and
central Brazil and has been
naturalized in many parts of the
world including India.
Solanum viarum
Solasodine is a major glycoalkaloid constituent
of this plant. Solasodine extracted from this
plant is used treat cancer (Trouillas et al.,
2005), leukemia (Blood cancer), as a steroid
precursor to produce contraceptive pills
(Everist, 1981), Addison's disease, rheumatic
arthritis, chronic asthma, obesity, palsy, skin
diseases (Pingle and Dhyansagar, 1980), and
anti-inflammatory steroidal drugs.
Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Family Acanthaceae)
a gregarious shrub, commonly found with
mangroves along the coastal regions of India.
The common names of Acanthus ilicifolius are
Beng. Harkucha kanta, Eng. Holy leaved
acanthus.
It is found commonly in the east and west
coasts, also found in Meghalaya and the
Andamans. Leaves are simple, oblong to
elliptic, varying in size, smaller in flowering
season.
Acanthus ilicifolius
Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae) has received
considerable attention due to its wide range of
secondary metabolites and its traditional usage
in Indian and Chinese system of medicine.
This plant is reported to be a mangrove.
Mangrove survives in the most hostile
environment with fluctuating tidal and saline
regime. Hence, these plants are considered
to be rich sources of steroids, triterpenoids,
saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins.
The plant have demonstrated significant
pharmacological activities like antioxidant,
anticarcinogenic, anti-osteporotic and
hepatoprotective.
Traditionally, the plant has been used for
dyspepsia, paralysis, asthsma, headache,
rheumatism, and skin diseases.
Annona squamosa
Annona squamosa Linn.
(Family Annonaceae), popular
with common name of
“custurd apple or sugar apple”.
Its origin from West Indies and Central
America. The plant is also cultivated
throughout the South Asia especially in
tropical regions for edible purpose. It is a
small (about 5-6 m in height) deciduous tree
with irregular branches.
Ethyl acetate extracts leaf of Annona squamosa L.
were found acetogenins,alkaloids,dofamine,salsolinol
and Coclaurine. Its have significant anticancer activity.
It is effective remedy for various types of
inflammatory diseases as well as tumorous growths.
The plant has been used in traditional medicine of
several tropical countries to treat epilepsy, dysentry,
cardiac problems, worm infection, constipation,
hemorhage, antibacterial, dysurea, fever and ulcer. It
also has anti-fertility and abortifacient properties
(Soni et al., 2012).
Alstonia scholaris Linn (Family
Apocynaceae) which is popularly
known as the “Saptaparni” or
“Devil’s tree”. Common name of
Bengali are Chatium.
Alstonia scholaris Linn is a medium to large tree.
The uperside of the leaves are glossy, while the
underside is Greyish, its mature bark is grayish.
It is widely distributed in dried forests of India,
Western Himalayas, Western Ghats and in the
Southern region.
Alstonia scholaris
The plant Alstonia scholaris has been used in
different system of traditional medication for the
treatment of diseases and ailments of human
beings. It is reported to contain various alkaloids,
flavonoids and phenolic acids.
It has been reported as anti-cancer, antioxidant,
analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer,
bronchodilatory, antimicrobial, antiamoebic,
antidiarrhoeal, antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective,
immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, free radical
scavenging, anti-fertility and wound
healing activities.
Calotropis gigantea
Calotropis gigantea (Crown flower
or Akanda) is a species of
Calotropis native to Cambodia,
Indonesia,Malaysia,Philippines,
Thailand,Sri Lanka,India,China,
Pakistan,Nepal, and tropical Africa.
It is a large shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall.
It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either
white or lavender in colour. The plant has
oval, light green leaves and milky stem.
Traditionally extracts and preparations from
leaves and roots of Calotropis gigantea are
used against abdominal tumours, boils,
syphilis, tuberculous, leprosy, skin diseases,
piles, wounds, rheumatism and insect-bites.
Several phytochemicals have been isolated
from Calotropis gigantea and they include
cytotoxic cardenolides, anti feedant
non protein amino acid, naphthalene and
terpene derivatives, flavonol glycosides,
pregnanes, ursane-type triterpenoids and
steroids.
Root bark of this plant is used in
dysentery and as a purgative, alterative,
diaphoretic and emetic. Antipyretic,
analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic,
sedative, hepatoprotective, wound healing,
antidiabetic, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory
and anti-diarrhoeal activities of Calotropis
gigantea have been scientifically proven.
Conclusion
With the growing interest in health and
wellness, alternative medicines are becoming
increasingly popular worldwide.
In addition, a growing body of scientific
research shows that herbal medicines can be
highly effective for cancer diseases and
conditions. Moreover, as research in this area
increases, the optimum doses for herbal
medicines are known to ever greater accuracy.
References
1. Pingle, A.R. and Dhyansagar, V.R. 1980 Solanum viarum as a source of
solasodine. Indian Drugs,
2. Khajure, P. V. & Rathod, J. L. (2011). Potential anticancer activity of
Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the mangroves forest of Karwar, west
coast of India. World Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 1-6.
3.Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Kumar CD. In vitro antioxidant studies of
Annona squamosa Linn leaves. Indian J
Exp Biol. 2004;42:803–7.
4.Ramachandra YL, Ashajyothi C, Padmalatha RS. Antioxidant activity of
Alstonia scholaris extracts containing flavonoids and phenolic
compounds. Int J Pharm Pharma Sci. 2012;4(3):424–6.
5. Adak M, Gupta JK: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity
of Calotropis gigantea (AKANDA) in various biological
systems. Nepal Med Coll J, 2006, 8, 156–161.
6. Nee, M. 1991. Synopsis of Solanum section Acanthophora: A group
of interest for glyco-alkaloides, pp. 258-266 In: J. G. Hawkes, R. N.
Lester, M. Nee and N. Estrada eds. Solanaceae III: Taxonomy,
chemistry, evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey,
UK.
7. Wostmann, R. & Liebezeit, G. (2008). Chemical composition of the
mangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae). Senckenbergiana
maritime, 38(1), 31-37
8. Neha Pandey and Dushyant Barve (2011). Phytochemical and
Pharmacological review on Annona squamosa Linn. International
Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(4):
1404- 1412.
9. Arulmozhi S, Papiya Mitra Mazumder, Sathiya Narayanan L, Prasad
A Thakurdesai. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging
activity of fractions from Alstonia Scholaris linn. R.Br. International
Journal of PharmTech Research. 2010; 2(1):18-25.
10. Sen S, Sahu NP, Mahato SB. Flavonol glycosides from Calotropis
gigantea. Phytochemistry 1992; 31: 2919-2921.
Thank You

More Related Content

What's hot

Anticancer drug from plant
Anticancer drug from plantAnticancer drug from plant
Anticancer drug from plant
Zainab&Sons
 
Plants That Fight Cancer
Plants That Fight CancerPlants That Fight Cancer
Plants That Fight Cancer
Sainal Edi Kamal
 
Phytopharmaceuticals
PhytopharmaceuticalsPhytopharmaceuticals
Phytopharmaceuticals
KUNAL KELZARKAR
 
PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........
PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........
PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........
Dr K SUDHEER KUMAR KANDIBANDA
 
Phytochemical screening
Phytochemical screeningPhytochemical screening
Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)
Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)
Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)
Mohammad Abrar Khan
 
Anti cancer thesis 1
Anti cancer thesis 1Anti cancer thesis 1
Anti cancer thesis 1
Abu Raihan
 
Secondary metabolites
Secondary metabolitesSecondary metabolites
Secondary metabolites
Prabhu Thirusangu
 
Active constituent of Turmeric as Anticancer
Active constituent of Turmeric as AnticancerActive constituent of Turmeric as Anticancer
Active constituent of Turmeric as Anticancer
ASHOK GAUTAM
 
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Arslan Tahir
 
Herbal constituents effective against cancer
Herbal constituents effective against cancerHerbal constituents effective against cancer
Herbal constituents effective against cancer
MadhuraNewrekar
 
Taxol and Derivatives In Therapy
Taxol and Derivatives In TherapyTaxol and Derivatives In Therapy
Taxol and Derivatives In Therapy
Aditya Sharma
 
Taxol
Taxol Taxol
Herbal remedies for diabetics
Herbal remedies for diabeticsHerbal remedies for diabetics
Herbal remedies for diabetics
rama devi
 
Herbal drugs
Herbal drugsHerbal drugs
Herbal drugs
sandunikm
 
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...
Siva Dharshini R
 
Antineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic agentsRobin Gulati
 
Allium sativum (Garlic)
Allium sativum (Garlic)Allium sativum (Garlic)
Allium sativum (Garlic)
Arslan Tahir
 
Introduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptx
Introduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptxIntroduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptx
Introduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptx
Saema5
 
Extraction of plant contituents
Extraction of plant contituentsExtraction of plant contituents
Extraction of plant contituentsRahul B S
 

What's hot (20)

Anticancer drug from plant
Anticancer drug from plantAnticancer drug from plant
Anticancer drug from plant
 
Plants That Fight Cancer
Plants That Fight CancerPlants That Fight Cancer
Plants That Fight Cancer
 
Phytopharmaceuticals
PhytopharmaceuticalsPhytopharmaceuticals
Phytopharmaceuticals
 
PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........
PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........
PHYTO-PHARMACEUTICALS..........
 
Phytochemical screening
Phytochemical screeningPhytochemical screening
Phytochemical screening
 
Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)
Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)
Vinca Alkaloids as Anticancer Agents (Looking back and peering ahead)
 
Anti cancer thesis 1
Anti cancer thesis 1Anti cancer thesis 1
Anti cancer thesis 1
 
Secondary metabolites
Secondary metabolitesSecondary metabolites
Secondary metabolites
 
Active constituent of Turmeric as Anticancer
Active constituent of Turmeric as AnticancerActive constituent of Turmeric as Anticancer
Active constituent of Turmeric as Anticancer
 
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
Turmeric (Curcuma longa)
 
Herbal constituents effective against cancer
Herbal constituents effective against cancerHerbal constituents effective against cancer
Herbal constituents effective against cancer
 
Taxol and Derivatives In Therapy
Taxol and Derivatives In TherapyTaxol and Derivatives In Therapy
Taxol and Derivatives In Therapy
 
Taxol
Taxol Taxol
Taxol
 
Herbal remedies for diabetics
Herbal remedies for diabeticsHerbal remedies for diabetics
Herbal remedies for diabetics
 
Herbal drugs
Herbal drugsHerbal drugs
Herbal drugs
 
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF LEAVES EXTRACT FROM Pong...
 
Antineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic agentsAntineoplastic agents
Antineoplastic agents
 
Allium sativum (Garlic)
Allium sativum (Garlic)Allium sativum (Garlic)
Allium sativum (Garlic)
 
Introduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptx
Introduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptxIntroduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptx
Introduction to Phytopharmaceuticals- Carotenoids.pptx
 
Extraction of plant contituents
Extraction of plant contituentsExtraction of plant contituents
Extraction of plant contituents
 

Viewers also liked

Different types of industrial filters
Different types of industrial filtersDifferent types of industrial filters
Different types of industrial filters
fil.trek
 
Medicinal plants in pakistan
Medicinal plants in pakistanMedicinal plants in pakistan
Medicinal plants in pakistanAmara Ejaz
 
evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...
evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...
evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...
PATHEPARAPU HANUMANTHA RAO
 
Filtration
FiltrationFiltration
Filtration
ritu kudarha
 
Study the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extract
Study the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extractStudy the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extract
Study the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extract
Alexander Decker
 
Cancer slides
Cancer slidesCancer slides
Cancer slides
Millicent Mtshali
 
Anti cancer thesis
Anti cancer thesisAnti cancer thesis
Anti cancer thesis
Abu Raihan
 
Anticancer drugs - drdhriti
Anticancer drugs - drdhritiAnticancer drugs - drdhriti
Anticancer drugs - drdhriti
http://neigrihms.gov.in/
 
10.ANTICANCER DRUGS
10.ANTICANCER DRUGS10.ANTICANCER DRUGS
10.ANTICANCER DRUGS
Saminathan Kayarohanam
 
Morphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidants
Morphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidantsMorphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidants
Morphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidants
Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India.
 
What Is Cancer
What  Is CancerWhat  Is Cancer
What Is Cancer
Phil Mayor
 
Cancer.ppt
Cancer.pptCancer.ppt
Cancer.ppt
Sriloy Mohanty
 
Supply chain issues in Pharma industry
Supply chain issues in Pharma industrySupply chain issues in Pharma industry
Supply chain issues in Pharma industry
Jaimeen Rana
 
Anticancer drugs 1 introduction and classification
Anticancer drugs 1 introduction and classificationAnticancer drugs 1 introduction and classification
Anticancer drugs 1 introduction and classificationSubramani Parasuraman
 

Viewers also liked (16)

Different types of industrial filters
Different types of industrial filtersDifferent types of industrial filters
Different types of industrial filters
 
Medicinal plants in pakistan
Medicinal plants in pakistanMedicinal plants in pakistan
Medicinal plants in pakistan
 
evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...
evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...
evaluation of phytochemical, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxicit...
 
Filtration
FiltrationFiltration
Filtration
 
Study the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extract
Study the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extractStudy the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extract
Study the anticancer effect of lepidium sativum leaves extract
 
Cancer slides
Cancer slidesCancer slides
Cancer slides
 
Anti cancer thesis
Anti cancer thesisAnti cancer thesis
Anti cancer thesis
 
Anticancer drugs - drdhriti
Anticancer drugs - drdhritiAnticancer drugs - drdhriti
Anticancer drugs - drdhriti
 
10.ANTICANCER DRUGS
10.ANTICANCER DRUGS10.ANTICANCER DRUGS
10.ANTICANCER DRUGS
 
Morphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidants
Morphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidantsMorphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidants
Morphactins, Anti-transpirants, Anti-auxins and Anti-oxidants
 
Anti cancer drugs
Anti cancer drugsAnti cancer drugs
Anti cancer drugs
 
What Is Cancer
What  Is CancerWhat  Is Cancer
What Is Cancer
 
Cancer.ppt
Cancer.pptCancer.ppt
Cancer.ppt
 
Cancer Powerpoint
Cancer PowerpointCancer Powerpoint
Cancer Powerpoint
 
Supply chain issues in Pharma industry
Supply chain issues in Pharma industrySupply chain issues in Pharma industry
Supply chain issues in Pharma industry
 
Anticancer drugs 1 introduction and classification
Anticancer drugs 1 introduction and classificationAnticancer drugs 1 introduction and classification
Anticancer drugs 1 introduction and classification
 

Similar to Anti cancer activity of medicinal plant

Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Review
Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short ReviewTerminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Review
Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Review
inventionjournals
 
Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...
Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...
Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...
SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
 
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBSCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBS
Arvind Singh Heer
 
Breeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.ppt
Breeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.pptBreeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.ppt
Breeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.ppt
SOUVICKBANIK1
 
Useful Plant
Useful PlantUseful Plant
Useful Plant
Kamal Uddin Rayhan
 
Phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of
Phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties ofPhytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of
Phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of
Alexander Decker
 
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of Odisha
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of OdishaCostus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of Odisha
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of OdishaSanjeet Kumar
 
A review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plants
A review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plantsA review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plants
A review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plants
SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
 
Drug Yielding Plants.pptx
Drug Yielding Plants.pptxDrug Yielding Plants.pptx
Drug Yielding Plants.pptx
SeemaGaikwad15
 
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_usesMoringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
Silentdisco Berlin
 
Agroforestry plant products and uses
Agroforestry plant products and usesAgroforestry plant products and uses
Agroforestry plant products and uses
Syed Zahid Hasan
 
Literary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A review
Literary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A reviewLiterary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A review
Literary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A review
pharmaindexing
 
B03011012018
B03011012018B03011012018
B03011012018
iosrphr_editor
 
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...
SriramNagarajan19
 
Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...
Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...
Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...
IOSR Journals
 
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_usesMoringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_usesDrumstick Moringa
 
Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...
Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...
Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...Younis I Munshi
 
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAEL
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAELA REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAEL
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAEL
SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
 

Similar to Anti cancer activity of medicinal plant (20)

Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Review
Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short ReviewTerminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Review
Terminalia Chebula A Traditional Herbal Drug – A Short Review
 
Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...
Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...
Study of phytochemical_constituents_and_anti-oxidant_activity_of_spinacia_ole...
 
phytochemical
phytochemicalphytochemical
phytochemical
 
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBSCOMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBS
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF LEAVES OF FIVE DIFFERENT HERBS
 
Breeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.ppt
Breeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.pptBreeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.ppt
Breeding of medicinal solanum and phylanthus amarus.souvick.ppt
 
Useful Plant
Useful PlantUseful Plant
Useful Plant
 
Phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of
Phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties ofPhytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of
Phytochemical constituents and physicochemical properties of
 
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of Odisha
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of OdishaCostus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of Odisha
Costus speciosus: Medicinally Wild Edible Stout of Odisha
 
A review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plants
A review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plantsA review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plants
A review on_some_traditional_medicinal_plants
 
Drug Yielding Plants.pptx
Drug Yielding Plants.pptxDrug Yielding Plants.pptx
Drug Yielding Plants.pptx
 
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_usesMoringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
 
Agroforestry plant products and uses
Agroforestry plant products and usesAgroforestry plant products and uses
Agroforestry plant products and uses
 
Rwarinda U Angelo
Rwarinda U AngeloRwarinda U Angelo
Rwarinda U Angelo
 
Literary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A review
Literary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A reviewLiterary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A review
Literary approach to Annona muricata and its role in cancer- A review
 
B03011012018
B03011012018B03011012018
B03011012018
 
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...
Anti microbial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of roots and leaves...
 
Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...
Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...
Qualitative Analysis of Legume Pericarp (Pod Wall) and Seeds of Acacia Farnes...
 
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_usesMoringa multiple medicinal_uses
Moringa multiple medicinal_uses
 
Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...
Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...
Rauvolfia serpentina l. benth. ex kurz. --phytochemical, pharmacological and ...
 
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAEL
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAELA REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAEL
A REVIEW ON MEDICINAL VALUES AND COMMERCIAL UTILITY OF BAEL
 

Recently uploaded

New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....
NEHA GUPTA
 
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programNVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Sapna Thakur
 
ACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIOND
ACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIONDACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIOND
ACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIOND
DR SETH JOTHAM
 
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #GirlsFor Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
Savita Shen $i11
 
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdfAre There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Little Cross Family Clinic
 
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE examOphthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
KafrELShiekh University
 
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animalsEvaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Shweta
 
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologistsKDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
د.محمود نجيب
 
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Sujoy Dasgupta
 
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.GawadHemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
NephroTube - Dr.Gawad
 
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Oleg Kshivets
 
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness JourneyTom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
greendigital
 
POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management
POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its managementPOST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management
POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management
touseefaziz1
 
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptxTriangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore KarnatakaFlu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
addon Scans
 
Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx
Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptxSuperficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx
Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for DoctorsHow to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
LanceCatedral
 
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdfPhysiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
MedicoseAcademics
 
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,
sisternakatoto
 
heat stroke and heat exhaustion in children
heat stroke and heat exhaustion in childrenheat stroke and heat exhaustion in children
heat stroke and heat exhaustion in children
SumeraAhmad5
 

Recently uploaded (20)

New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....
 
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programNVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
 
ACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIOND
ACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIONDACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIOND
ACUTE SCROTUM.....pdf. ACUTE SCROTAL CONDITIOND
 
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #GirlsFor Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
For Better Surat #ℂall #Girl Service ❤85270-49040❤ Surat #ℂall #Girls
 
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdfAre There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
Are There Any Natural Remedies To Treat Syphilis.pdf
 
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE examOphthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
 
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animalsEvaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
Evaluation of antidepressant activity of clitoris ternatea in animals
 
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologistsKDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
 
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...
 
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.GawadHemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
Hemodialysis: Chapter 3, Dialysis Water Unit - Dr.Gawad
 
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...
 
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness JourneyTom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journey
 
POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management
POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its managementPOST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management
POST OPERATIVE OLIGURIA and its management
 
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptxTriangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
 
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore KarnatakaFlu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
 
Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx
Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptxSuperficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx
Superficial & Deep Fascia of the NECK.pptx
 
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for DoctorsHow to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
 
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdfPhysiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
 
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,
 
heat stroke and heat exhaustion in children
heat stroke and heat exhaustion in childrenheat stroke and heat exhaustion in children
heat stroke and heat exhaustion in children
 

Anti cancer activity of medicinal plant

  • 1. Anti Cancer activity of Medicinal Plants Thesis-Part-1 • Presentation • Prepared by Sk Abu Raihan Abdullah • MBT,3rd Sem,NITMAS
  • 2. What is Medicinal plant ? Medicinal plants are plants that have a recognized medical use. Medicinal plants refer to using a plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark or flowers for medicinal purposes.
  • 3. Their use ranges the production of mainstream pharmaceutical products to herbal medicine preparations. Herbal medicine is one of the oldest forms of medical treatment in human history and could be considered one of the forerunners of the modern pharmaceutical trade.
  • 4. Medicinal plants contain active chemical constituents in any of their parts like root, stem, leaves, bark, fruit and seeds which produce a definite curing physiological response in the treatment of various ailments in human and other animals. Medicinal plants are primary source of health care throughout the world for thousand of years.
  • 5. Why Medicinal Plants use for Cancer Treatment All over the world cancer is one of the most serious health problems that affect the duration and quality of the individuals’ life. As the conventional therapeutic strategies fail to full fill the major requirements for a successful cancer therapy. The use of naturally developed anticancer agents has evolved as an alternative safe, low-cost and convenient one.
  • 6. Therefore, the use of plant extracts with potential anticancer therapeutic effects might be particularly significant. A lot of medicinal plants, traditionally used for thousands of years, are present in a group of herbal preparations of the Indian traditional health care system (Ayurveda) named Rasayana proposed for their interesting antioxidant and anti cancer activities.
  • 7. The therapeutic potential of plants leaf extract Plant Scientific Name Type of extraction Proposed active material 1. Solanum viarum Ether Solasodine glycoalkaloid (Tropical Soda Apple) 2. Acanthus illicifolious Methanol Triterpenoids,Flavonoids, (Harkucha Kanta) Alkaloids 3. Annona squamosa Ethyl acetate Acetogenins,Alkaloids, (Custard Apple) Dofamine 4 Alstonia scholaris Methanol Alkaloids,Flavonoids (Chatium) 5. Calotropis gigantea Ethanol Triterpenoids,Flavonol (Akanda) Glycosides
  • 8. Solanum viarum Dunal, belongs to the family Solanaceae, commonly called Tropical Soda Apple (TSA) is a shallow rooted, profusely branched, perennial shrub. It is native plant of Argentina and central Brazil and has been naturalized in many parts of the world including India. Solanum viarum
  • 9. Solasodine is a major glycoalkaloid constituent of this plant. Solasodine extracted from this plant is used treat cancer (Trouillas et al., 2005), leukemia (Blood cancer), as a steroid precursor to produce contraceptive pills (Everist, 1981), Addison's disease, rheumatic arthritis, chronic asthma, obesity, palsy, skin diseases (Pingle and Dhyansagar, 1980), and anti-inflammatory steroidal drugs.
  • 10. Acanthus ilicifolius Linn. (Family Acanthaceae) a gregarious shrub, commonly found with mangroves along the coastal regions of India. The common names of Acanthus ilicifolius are Beng. Harkucha kanta, Eng. Holy leaved acanthus. It is found commonly in the east and west coasts, also found in Meghalaya and the Andamans. Leaves are simple, oblong to elliptic, varying in size, smaller in flowering season. Acanthus ilicifolius
  • 11. Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae) has received considerable attention due to its wide range of secondary metabolites and its traditional usage in Indian and Chinese system of medicine. This plant is reported to be a mangrove. Mangrove survives in the most hostile environment with fluctuating tidal and saline regime. Hence, these plants are considered to be rich sources of steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins.
  • 12. The plant have demonstrated significant pharmacological activities like antioxidant, anticarcinogenic, anti-osteporotic and hepatoprotective. Traditionally, the plant has been used for dyspepsia, paralysis, asthsma, headache, rheumatism, and skin diseases.
  • 13. Annona squamosa Annona squamosa Linn. (Family Annonaceae), popular with common name of “custurd apple or sugar apple”. Its origin from West Indies and Central America. The plant is also cultivated throughout the South Asia especially in tropical regions for edible purpose. It is a small (about 5-6 m in height) deciduous tree with irregular branches.
  • 14. Ethyl acetate extracts leaf of Annona squamosa L. were found acetogenins,alkaloids,dofamine,salsolinol and Coclaurine. Its have significant anticancer activity. It is effective remedy for various types of inflammatory diseases as well as tumorous growths. The plant has been used in traditional medicine of several tropical countries to treat epilepsy, dysentry, cardiac problems, worm infection, constipation, hemorhage, antibacterial, dysurea, fever and ulcer. It also has anti-fertility and abortifacient properties (Soni et al., 2012).
  • 15. Alstonia scholaris Linn (Family Apocynaceae) which is popularly known as the “Saptaparni” or “Devil’s tree”. Common name of Bengali are Chatium. Alstonia scholaris Linn is a medium to large tree. The uperside of the leaves are glossy, while the underside is Greyish, its mature bark is grayish. It is widely distributed in dried forests of India, Western Himalayas, Western Ghats and in the Southern region. Alstonia scholaris
  • 16. The plant Alstonia scholaris has been used in different system of traditional medication for the treatment of diseases and ailments of human beings. It is reported to contain various alkaloids, flavonoids and phenolic acids. It has been reported as anti-cancer, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-ulcer, bronchodilatory, antimicrobial, antiamoebic, antidiarrhoeal, antiplasmodial, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antiasthmatic, free radical scavenging, anti-fertility and wound healing activities.
  • 17. Calotropis gigantea Calotropis gigantea (Crown flower or Akanda) is a species of Calotropis native to Cambodia, Indonesia,Malaysia,Philippines, Thailand,Sri Lanka,India,China, Pakistan,Nepal, and tropical Africa. It is a large shrub growing to 4 m (13 ft) tall. It has clusters of waxy flowers that are either white or lavender in colour. The plant has oval, light green leaves and milky stem.
  • 18. Traditionally extracts and preparations from leaves and roots of Calotropis gigantea are used against abdominal tumours, boils, syphilis, tuberculous, leprosy, skin diseases, piles, wounds, rheumatism and insect-bites. Several phytochemicals have been isolated from Calotropis gigantea and they include cytotoxic cardenolides, anti feedant non protein amino acid, naphthalene and terpene derivatives, flavonol glycosides, pregnanes, ursane-type triterpenoids and steroids.
  • 19. Root bark of this plant is used in dysentery and as a purgative, alterative, diaphoretic and emetic. Antipyretic, analgesic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, hepatoprotective, wound healing, antidiabetic, larvicidal, anti-inflammatory and anti-diarrhoeal activities of Calotropis gigantea have been scientifically proven.
  • 20. Conclusion With the growing interest in health and wellness, alternative medicines are becoming increasingly popular worldwide. In addition, a growing body of scientific research shows that herbal medicines can be highly effective for cancer diseases and conditions. Moreover, as research in this area increases, the optimum doses for herbal medicines are known to ever greater accuracy.
  • 21. References 1. Pingle, A.R. and Dhyansagar, V.R. 1980 Solanum viarum as a source of solasodine. Indian Drugs, 2. Khajure, P. V. & Rathod, J. L. (2011). Potential anticancer activity of Acanthus ilicifolius extracted from the mangroves forest of Karwar, west coast of India. World Journal of Science and Technology, 1(1), 1-6. 3.Shirwaikar A, Rajendran K, Kumar CD. In vitro antioxidant studies of Annona squamosa Linn leaves. Indian J Exp Biol. 2004;42:803–7. 4.Ramachandra YL, Ashajyothi C, Padmalatha RS. Antioxidant activity of Alstonia scholaris extracts containing flavonoids and phenolic compounds. Int J Pharm Pharma Sci. 2012;4(3):424–6. 5. Adak M, Gupta JK: Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Calotropis gigantea (AKANDA) in various biological systems. Nepal Med Coll J, 2006, 8, 156–161.
  • 22. 6. Nee, M. 1991. Synopsis of Solanum section Acanthophora: A group of interest for glyco-alkaloides, pp. 258-266 In: J. G. Hawkes, R. N. Lester, M. Nee and N. Estrada eds. Solanaceae III: Taxonomy, chemistry, evolution. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, Surrey, UK. 7. Wostmann, R. & Liebezeit, G. (2008). Chemical composition of the mangrove holly Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthaceae). Senckenbergiana maritime, 38(1), 31-37 8. Neha Pandey and Dushyant Barve (2011). Phytochemical and Pharmacological review on Annona squamosa Linn. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, 2(4): 1404- 1412. 9. Arulmozhi S, Papiya Mitra Mazumder, Sathiya Narayanan L, Prasad A Thakurdesai. In vitro antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of fractions from Alstonia Scholaris linn. R.Br. International Journal of PharmTech Research. 2010; 2(1):18-25. 10. Sen S, Sahu NP, Mahato SB. Flavonol glycosides from Calotropis gigantea. Phytochemistry 1992; 31: 2919-2921.