The anthocyanin is one of the nature's best medicine used to cure cancer and many other diseases. In this slide I've discussed about its anticancer and antioxidant effects, common sources of anthocyanin, its chemo preventive effects etc.It also contains some abstracts from PubMed.
The anthocyanin is one of the nature's best medicine used to cure cancer and many other diseases. In this slide I've discussed about its anticancer and antioxidant effects, common sources of anthocyanin, its chemo preventive effects etc.It also contains some abstracts from PubMed.
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
Anthocyanins and their welfare towards human body...Balwant Insa
Anthocyanins is a type of pigment present inside the fruits and responsible for the red-violate colour in fruits and vegetables. Despite colouring properties, it also has many therapeutic values, such as anti-scavenging, anti-mutagenic, etc.
What gives carrot & tomato their red color? What is responsible for the yellow color of papaya & mango. This presentation unlocks the secret behind these facts. Enjoy your journey to the colorful world of CAROTENOIDS.
Functional food & Phytonutrients
Definition
Examples of some functional food worldwide
Functional Food Components
Concept of functional foods
Cereals as functional food
Legumes as functional foods
Vegetables as functional food
Fruits as functional foods
Probiotics as functional food
Functional food and fortification
Phytonutrients
General functions of phytonutrients
Various Phytochemicals
Mechanisms of action of Phytonutrients
Flavonoids classification, isolation and identificationMona Ismail
Flavonoids are groups of polyphenolic compounds which are found in fruits, flowers, seeds & vegetable.
(named from the Latin word flavus meaning yellow, their colour in nature)
Anthocyanins and their welfare towards human body...Balwant Insa
Anthocyanins is a type of pigment present inside the fruits and responsible for the red-violate colour in fruits and vegetables. Despite colouring properties, it also has many therapeutic values, such as anti-scavenging, anti-mutagenic, etc.
What gives carrot & tomato their red color? What is responsible for the yellow color of papaya & mango. This presentation unlocks the secret behind these facts. Enjoy your journey to the colorful world of CAROTENOIDS.
Functional food & Phytonutrients
Definition
Examples of some functional food worldwide
Functional Food Components
Concept of functional foods
Cereals as functional food
Legumes as functional foods
Vegetables as functional food
Fruits as functional foods
Probiotics as functional food
Functional food and fortification
Phytonutrients
General functions of phytonutrients
Various Phytochemicals
Mechanisms of action of Phytonutrients
Supplements urolithin a reviews definition, mechanism, benefits & side ef...phcoker.com
Urolithin A has been demonstrated to stimulate mitophagy and improve muscle health in old animals and in preclinical models of aging. Meanwhile, it also has been shown to cross the blood brain barrier, and may have neuroprotective effects against Alzheimer’s Disease.
https://www.phcoker.com/product/urolithin-a/
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Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
1. Pennington Nutrition Series
Healthier lives through education in nutrition and preventive medicine No. 38
Anthocyanins
Anthocyanins are members of the flavonoid group of
phytochemicals, which is a group predominant in teas,
honey, wines, fruits, vegetables, nuts, olive oil, cocoa and
cereals.
The flavonoids are thought to be perhaps the most im-
portant single group of phenolics in food.
The primary players in the flavonoid group include:
Anthocyanins (cyaniding, pelargonidin, petunidin)
Flavanols (quercetin, Kaempferol)
Flavones (luteolin, apigenin)
Flavanones (myricetin, naringin, hesperetin, naringenin)
Flavan-3-ols (catechin, epicatechin, gallocatechin)
Isoflavones (genistein, daidzein)
Phytochemicals in this group (flavonoids) are frequently
referred to as bioflavonoids due to their multifaceted
More on Anthocyanins roles in human health.
Because of their strong red to blue coloring, Anthocyanins can be found in berries (e.g. black
anthocyanins are the most recognized, visible currant, elderberries, blueberries, and strawberries),
members of the bioflavonoid phytochemicals. their juices, as well as red wine.
They can be found in large amounts in diets
high in berries and grapes. For example,
one 100 gram (g) serving of black currant can
provide up to 750 mg of anthocyanins.
Anthocyanin pigments have been used in folk medicine throughout the
world. For example, bilberry anthocyanins have long been used for the
treatment of diarrhea, microbial infections, and vision disorders.
While the use of anthocyanins for therapeutic purposes has long been
supported by both anecdotal and epidemiological evidence, it is only in
recent years that some of the specific, measurable pharmacological
properties of isolated anthocyanin pigments have been conclusively
verified by rigorously controlled research trials.
2. In recent years, studies have begun to investigate
the specific properties of isolated anthocyanin
pigments. However, many still study the health
effects of anthocyanins from fruit extracts where
anthocyanins are present in combination with other
compounds. In fact, some reports suggest that
anthocyanin activity is actually potentiated when
delivered in mixtures, as opposed to isolates.
There are still several aspects of anthocyanins’
pharmacological roles that have remained elusive
to scientists. In most of the interventions of
anthocyanins in human health, details on the
mechanisms of action for bioactivity, uptake,
absorption, bioavailability, whole body distribution
and tissue localization are still not fully
understood. Here are a few obstacles which
stand in the way of better understanding the
effects of anthocyanins:
When speaking in terms of biological activity in
the human body, an anthocyanin pigment is
Anthocyanins have been shown to (almost) never acting independently.
play a beneficial role in: Anthocyanins can be of an evanescent nature,
Visual acuity meaning they are highly susceptible to oxidation
and degradation. Many of the classic
Cancer
phytochemical methods used toextract from
Heart Disease
plant tissues and fractional components can
Age-related neurodegenerative degrade and/or inactivate anthocyanins, making
disorders
it difficult to isolate.
The initial production and accumulation of
phytochemicals is triggered by physical or
chemical microenvironmental triggers, usually a
stress factor. This triggering of productivity
can be difficult to accomplish at times.
The inability of the scientist or medicinal
practitioner to track metabolic progress of
anthocyanins after ingestion. This is due to a
multitude of metabolic breakdown products
rapidly produced in situ.
3. Proposed Health Effects of Anthocyanins
Visual Acuity
Visual acuity can be defined as sharpness of vision and is generally based on the
Snellen chart, where normal visual acuity is 20/20. Many studies have shown a
relationship between improved visual acuity with anthocyanin consumption. In
fact, several studies have strongly suggested that the enhancement of rho-
dopsin regeneration is at least one of the mechanisms by which anthocyanins en-
hance visual acuity. Anthocyanins from black currant appear to have the great-
est effects.
Cancer
In research trials, anthocyanins have demonstrated the ability
to reduce cancer cell proliferation (growth/multiplication) and
to inhibit tumor formation. The capacity of anthocyanin
pigments to interfere with the process of carcinogenesis
seems to be linked to multiple potential mechanisms of action
including the inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and
potent antioxidant potential.
Angiogenesis is a term used to describe formation of new
blood vessels. It is particularly unwanted in situations
including varicose veins and tumor formation because it is
a key event that feeds tumor growth and cancer
metastases. Because of this, anti-angiogenic approaches
to prevent and treat cancer represent a priority area in
investigative tumor biology.
In one study, six anthocyanin-rich berry extracts (wild blueberry, bilberry, cranberry, elderberry,
raspberry seeds, and strawberry) were studied for antioxidant efficacy, cytotoxic potential, cellular
uptake, and anti-angiogenic properties. From these extracts, various combinations were obtained. A
synergistic formula, named Optiberry IH141, was developed and exhibited a high ORAC (oxygen radical
absorbing capacity) value, low cytotoxicity, and superior anti-angiogenic properties compared to other
combinations tested. Several experiments were run on the Optiberry formulation and researchers
found that:
1. Optiberry exhibited the most potent inhibitory effect on H2O2-induced VEGF (a key regulator of
tumor angiogenesis) expression compared to the other berry extracts (in vitro).
2. Optiberry significantly impaired angiogenesis in an in vitro angiogenesis assay conducted on human
dermal microvascular endothelial cells.
3. Optiberry significantly inhibited basal MCP-1 and NF-kappa B transcriptions and markedly
diminished in vivo angiogenesis.
4. Heart Disease Age-related Neurodegenerative Disease
The role of anthocyanins in cardiovascular disease
Anthocyanins have been credited with the capacity to
prevention is strongly linked to oxidative stress
modulate cognitive and motor function, to enhance
protection. Since endothelial dysfunction is
memory and to have a role in preventing age-related
involved in the initiation and development of
declines in neural function. Investigations have
vascular disease, one study incorporated four
revealed that is likely due to the fact that anthocyanins
anthocyanins isolated from elderberries into the
(in particular, cyaniding-3 sambubioside-5-glucoside
plasma lemma and cytosol of endothelial cells to
and cyaniding-3, 5-diglucoside) are highly bioavailable
directly examine their protective roles. These
in endothelial cells (which is likely also the reason that
tests ended up demonstrating that not only could
these compounds have shown such favorable effects on
anthocyanins be directly incorporated into
atherosclerosis).
endothelial cells, but also that significant
oxidative stress protection resulted.
Several studies have linked protection from heart
attacks to anthocyanin-rich products. One study The Pennington Biomedical Research Center is a world-renowned nutrition research
center.
showed that after administration of grape juice
or wine, significant heart attack protection was Mission:
achieved. This was believed to be due to the
To promote healthier lives through research and education in nutrition and preventive
anthocyanin content of these beverages, allowing medicine.
for reduced inflammation, enhanced capillary
The Pennington Center has several research areas, including:
strength and permeability, the inhibition of
platelet formation, and enhanced nitric oxide Clinical Obesity Research
release.
Experimental Obesity
Pennington Nutrition Series Pub No 38, Functional Foods
Authors
Health and Performance Enhancement
Heli J. Roy, PhD, MBA, RD
Nutrition and Chronic Diseases
Shanna Lundy, MS
Chad Eriksen, MS Nutrition and the Brain
Beth Kalicki Dementia, Alzheimer’s and healthy aging
Division of Education
Diet, exercise, weight loss and weight loss maintenance
Phillip Brantley, PhD, Director
Pennington Biomedical Research Center The research fostered in these areas can have a profound impact on healthy living and
Steve Heymsfield, MD, Executive Director on the prevention of common chronic diseases, such as heart disease, cancer, diabe-
tes, hypertension and osteoporosis.
7/07; Rev 1/12
The Division of Education provides education and information to the scientific communi-
References Lila MA. ty and the public about research findings, training programs and research areas, and
Anthocyanins and Human Health: An In Vitro Investigative Ap- coordinates educational events for the public on various health issues.
proach. J Biomed Biotechnol. 2004; 2004(5): 306-313.
We invite people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in the exciting research
Bagchi D et al. Review: Anti-angiogenic, antioxidant, and anti- studies being conducted at the Pennington Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. If you
carcinogenic properties of a novel anthocyanin-rich berry extract for- would like to take part, visit the clinical trials web page at www.pbrc.edu or call (225)
mula. Biochemistry. 2004; 69(1): 75-80. 763-3000.