Blueberries contain phytochemicals that may provide health benefits. Studies show blueberries have antioxidant and anticancer properties, and consuming blueberries may lower risks of cancer, heart disease, Alzheimer's, and gastrointestinal issues. Regular blueberry consumption is linked to greater benefits than single high doses. Further research is exploring which blueberry compounds are most active against diseases.
This document discusses various functional foods and their health benefits. It begins by defining functional foods as foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The history of functional foods is then summarized, noting that Japan first established a definition for these foods in 1991. Several categories of functional foods are then listed, including those fortified with vitamins/minerals, containing cholesterol-reducing components, and probiotics/prebiotics. Specific examples like yogurt, fruits and vegetables are given. Methods for how foods can become functional are outlined, such as by adding or increasing beneficial components. The roles and health benefits of various functional food categories are then summarized in 1-2 sentences each, including dairy products like milk and yogurt, seafood rich in omega
Chia seeds provide many health benefits. They are high in omega-3 fatty acids which help cardiovascular health. Chia seeds also contain a significant amount of fiber and protein. The fiber aids digestion and supports weight loss while the protein provides nutrition. Chia seeds have antioxidants that may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Overall, chia seeds are a nutritious seed that was an important part of the ancient Aztec and Maya diets and continue to benefit health today.
Effect of processing and storage on nutrientsPoojaParab12
This presentation describes the effect of processing and storage conditions on nutrients in food namely carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals.
Quinoa is an ancient grain native to South America that is gaining popularity for its nutritional profile and health benefits. It is a complete protein containing all essential amino acids and is high in fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, and antioxidants. Two studies discussed found that daily consumption of quinoa by menopausal women and rats improved lipid profiles by reducing total cholesterol and LDL levels. A third study found that celiac patients could tolerate consuming quinoa daily without exacerbating intestinal issues. The document recommends adults consume quinoa as a hot cereal, in baked goods, or added to salads and grain dishes.
The document discusses designer foods and their potential role in addressing malnutrition and non-communicable diseases in India. It provides examples of different types of designer foods such as designer milk, eggs, broccoli, probiotic yogurt, and meat that are modified or fortified with specific nutrients to provide targeted health benefits. The document also discusses other approaches for tackling health issues like biofortification, food fortification, nutraceuticals, personalized nutrition using 3D food printing. It provides details on the formulation process and health benefits of various designer foods.
Grains are any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or other cereal grains. Whole grains contain the entire grain kernel, including the bran, germ and endosperm, while refined grains have been milled to remove these nutrient-rich parts. Each grain kernel consists of an inedible husk, bran layer, nutrient-rich germ and starchy endosperm. Common grains include rice, which is milled to remove the bran; corn, which grows on ears and is ground into cornmeal; and wheat, which is milled into flour by removing the bran and germ. Grains should be stored in a dark, dry place in sealed containers to prevent moisture
This document discusses food labeling requirements and guidelines. It provides information on:
- The importance of food labels for consumers to make informed purchasing decisions. Food labels provide nutritional information, ingredients, expiration dates, storage instructions, and other details.
- International and national regulations that specify labeling rules to ensure food safety and prevent deception. These include requirements set by Codex Alimentarius, the EU, US, Canada, Australia, India, and Sri Lanka.
- Key elements that must typically be included on food labels such as the product name, ingredients, net weight, expiration date, manufacturer information, nutritional facts, allergens, and health or nutrient claims.
- Differences in how nutrition facts are presented
Antioxidant properties of spices, herbs and other sourcesSpringer
This document discusses various natural sources of antioxidants such as herbs, spices, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, oils, and beverages. It provides 15 tables that list the antioxidant content, polyphenol content, ORAC values, and active constituents of different food and plant sources. The tables show that spices like cloves, cinnamon, and oregano have particularly high levels of antioxidants, as do berries, dark chocolate, and pomegranates. The document emphasizes that combining foods strategically can result in synergistic antioxidant effects.
This document discusses various functional foods and their health benefits. It begins by defining functional foods as foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. The history of functional foods is then summarized, noting that Japan first established a definition for these foods in 1991. Several categories of functional foods are then listed, including those fortified with vitamins/minerals, containing cholesterol-reducing components, and probiotics/prebiotics. Specific examples like yogurt, fruits and vegetables are given. Methods for how foods can become functional are outlined, such as by adding or increasing beneficial components. The roles and health benefits of various functional food categories are then summarized in 1-2 sentences each, including dairy products like milk and yogurt, seafood rich in omega
Chia seeds provide many health benefits. They are high in omega-3 fatty acids which help cardiovascular health. Chia seeds also contain a significant amount of fiber and protein. The fiber aids digestion and supports weight loss while the protein provides nutrition. Chia seeds have antioxidants that may reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Overall, chia seeds are a nutritious seed that was an important part of the ancient Aztec and Maya diets and continue to benefit health today.
Effect of processing and storage on nutrientsPoojaParab12
This presentation describes the effect of processing and storage conditions on nutrients in food namely carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals.
Quinoa is an ancient grain native to South America that is gaining popularity for its nutritional profile and health benefits. It is a complete protein containing all essential amino acids and is high in fiber, magnesium, phosphorus, and antioxidants. Two studies discussed found that daily consumption of quinoa by menopausal women and rats improved lipid profiles by reducing total cholesterol and LDL levels. A third study found that celiac patients could tolerate consuming quinoa daily without exacerbating intestinal issues. The document recommends adults consume quinoa as a hot cereal, in baked goods, or added to salads and grain dishes.
The document discusses designer foods and their potential role in addressing malnutrition and non-communicable diseases in India. It provides examples of different types of designer foods such as designer milk, eggs, broccoli, probiotic yogurt, and meat that are modified or fortified with specific nutrients to provide targeted health benefits. The document also discusses other approaches for tackling health issues like biofortification, food fortification, nutraceuticals, personalized nutrition using 3D food printing. It provides details on the formulation process and health benefits of various designer foods.
Grains are any food made from wheat, rice, oats, cornmeal, barley or other cereal grains. Whole grains contain the entire grain kernel, including the bran, germ and endosperm, while refined grains have been milled to remove these nutrient-rich parts. Each grain kernel consists of an inedible husk, bran layer, nutrient-rich germ and starchy endosperm. Common grains include rice, which is milled to remove the bran; corn, which grows on ears and is ground into cornmeal; and wheat, which is milled into flour by removing the bran and germ. Grains should be stored in a dark, dry place in sealed containers to prevent moisture
This document discusses food labeling requirements and guidelines. It provides information on:
- The importance of food labels for consumers to make informed purchasing decisions. Food labels provide nutritional information, ingredients, expiration dates, storage instructions, and other details.
- International and national regulations that specify labeling rules to ensure food safety and prevent deception. These include requirements set by Codex Alimentarius, the EU, US, Canada, Australia, India, and Sri Lanka.
- Key elements that must typically be included on food labels such as the product name, ingredients, net weight, expiration date, manufacturer information, nutritional facts, allergens, and health or nutrient claims.
- Differences in how nutrition facts are presented
Antioxidant properties of spices, herbs and other sourcesSpringer
This document discusses various natural sources of antioxidants such as herbs, spices, fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, cereals, oils, and beverages. It provides 15 tables that list the antioxidant content, polyphenol content, ORAC values, and active constituents of different food and plant sources. The tables show that spices like cloves, cinnamon, and oregano have particularly high levels of antioxidants, as do berries, dark chocolate, and pomegranates. The document emphasizes that combining foods strategically can result in synergistic antioxidant effects.
mixture of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.
This document discusses carbohydrates, including their functions as an energy source, how they are broken down, and types such as starch, fiber, and modified starch. It also provides instructions for a task to design a macaroni and cheese product for children that is high in calcium, has a garnish, increases fiber content, and uses a roux sauce method.
Wheat is a staple food used to make flour for many baked goods and pasta. There are several types of wheat classified by color and hardness, including hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, and durum wheat. The wheat grain has several layers - the bran, germ, and endosperm. The endosperm makes up most of the grain and contains starch and gluten proteins that are important for baking. Tests such as the farinograph, alveograph, and extensograph are used to evaluate the properties and quality of wheat flours.
Effect of processing on functional & health foodsAakriti .
This document summarizes the effects of processing on various foods and beverages. It discusses how processing impacts key bioactive compounds in coffee, green tea, soy, tomato, red wine, garlic, spinach, apple, onion, turmeric, and cocoa. In general, processing can lead to losses of proteins, acids, minerals, polyphenols, isoflavones, lycopene, resveratrol, allicin, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, quercetin, curcumin, and flavanols through oxidation, isomerization, degradation, extraction, and thermal breakdown. However, some compounds like caffeine, catechins, and lipids are more stable during processing.
Rittwik Koushik Dash presented on fortified dairy products. Fortification involves adding nutrients to foods that may not have originally contained those nutrients. It is done to improve population nutrition and address nutrient deficiencies. Common fortificants in dairy include vitamins D and A, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. Fortified dairy products are particularly suitable for children and adolescents to support growth and development. While fortification provides added nutrients, it does not necessarily make a food healthy and lactose intolerant individuals may have difficulty digesting dairy. The market for fortified dairy products is rising due to increased demand and technological advances.
The document discusses omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids, including their main components, plant and seafood sources, functions in the body, role in various health conditions, and deficiency symptoms. It provides details on the differences between plant and marine sources of omega-3s, how omega-3s function in the body including promoting healthy cell membranes and reducing inflammation, and conditions such as cardiovascular disease and depression that omega-3s may help prevent or treat.
This document discusses food labelling and health claims. It provides an overview of EU food labelling legislation and the new Food Information Regulation that will consolidate rules on nutrition and general food labelling. It describes what information must be included on food labels such as ingredients, nutrition information, allergen labelling, and date marking. It also discusses front-of-pack labelling schemes and the use of nutrition and health claims on food packages.
Development of Nutraceuticals & functional foodsEkta Belwal
“Nutraceuticals” & “Health food” shops has grown enormously, fostered by wide media coverage of their benefits. There has been a boom in their sales as patients rush to self-medicate, either in the hope that these products will be effective in treating diseases unsatisfactorily treated with pharmaceuticals, or that the adverse effects of some pharmaceuticals may be avoided.
Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Japan was the first country to recognize functional foods in 1991 through its FOSHU system. The FSSAI in India issued regulations for functional foods and other products in 2016. Regulations vary between countries but generally classify claims and require scientific evidence to substantiate health claims. Claims are also regulated differently, from general nutrition claims to disease risk reduction claims. Human studies are often needed to approve claims. The FOSHU system and Codex Alimentarius provide frameworks that many countries follow for their own regulations on functional foods and health claims.
The benefits and risks associated with functional foods and nutraceuticals are presented in the presentation. Also, way-forward is captured in light of the risks.
- Cereals are grasses grown for their edible seeds and include major crops like rice, wheat, and maize which provide over half of human calories globally.
- True cereals are grasses while pseudocereals like quinoa are broadleaf plants used similarly. Quinoa is actually a seed, not a grain.
- Major cereals discussed include maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye, triticale, and fonio. Each provides important nutrients and culinary or agricultural uses worldwide. Cereals are a staple human food and livestock feed.
The document discusses the nutritional and functional properties of various fruit and vegetable byproducts, specifically their fiber, phytochemical, and antioxidant contents. It finds that apple, grape, and carrot pomace as well as orange, lemon, and mango peels are rich sources of dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids that can potentially be used as ingredients in foods to increase nutritional value and shelf life through their antioxidant effects.
This document discusses hydrocolloids, which are gums that are added to foods to control functional properties like thickening and gelling. It defines hydrocolloids as able to form viscous solutions when mixed with water. It then discusses various types of hydrocolloids like xanthan gum, guar gum, and locust bean gum; their sources and uses in food for thickening, stabilizing, and gelling. Specific uses mentioned are in salad dressings, sauces, ice cream, and dairy products to improve texture.
This document summarizes information about various carotenoids and polyphenols. It discusses their characteristics, uses, health benefits, and sources. Carotenoids are organic pigments found in plants and photosynthetic organisms. Over 600 are known, with beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin having vitamin A activity in humans. Polyphenols include flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids include anthocyanidins, flavanols, flavones, and flavonones. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. Sources include fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa. The document provides details on compounds
Chia seeds are an ancient superfood that was an important part of Aztec, Incan, and Mayan diets. They are an excellent source of essential fatty acids and nutrients. Chia seeds have many potential health benefits such as boosting energy, aiding weight loss, and supporting brain and heart health. They can be easily incorporated into foods and recipes.
This document discusses cereals, specifically oats, wheat, and rice, as functional foods. It provides details on the nutritional composition and health benefits of oats, wheat bran, and beta-glucan. Oats contain beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that can help reduce LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Wheat bran is high in dietary fiber and antioxidants that support digestive health and may reduce risks of colon cancer, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders like constipation and diverticulosis.
This document discusses functional foods and nutraceuticals. It defines functional foods as foods that provide specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Nutraceuticals are foods or food components that have medical or health benefits, including disease prevention or treatment. Examples of functional components in foods are given, along with their potential health benefits and sources. The document also discusses probiotic foods, prebiotic foods, and plant stanols/sterols, and their relationships to functional foods and nutraceuticals. Classification systems for nutraceuticals are presented based on their natural sources and chemical constituents.
1) The document discusses synbiotics, which are dietary supplements containing both prebiotics and probiotics.
2) Prebiotics are non-digestible foods that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed.
3) Synbiotics have potential health benefits such as improving digestive health, boosting immunity, and preventing diarrhea. They also help prebiotics and probiotics work together more efficiently.
This document provides information about magnesium, including:
- Magnesium is essential for good health and is the 4th most abundant mineral in the body, with half located in bones.
- Magnesium aids muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, boosts immune system, and is removed from the body via kidneys.
- Good dietary sources include nuts, beans, grains, dairy, spinach and other greens, potatoes, bananas, and raisins.
- Recommended daily intake varies depending on age and sex.
- Magnesium helps control blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and may lower risk of heart disease and increase exercise time.
The document provides guidelines for developing a sound weight control program. An effective program should be safe and supported by evidence, meet nutritional and physical activity needs, and promote lifestyle changes. It should allow for 1-2 pounds of weekly weight loss, incorporate a variety of affordable foods, and provide social support. Certain types of programs should be avoided, such as those excluding entire food groups or promising quick weight loss. Physician approval is recommended for those with health issues or planning substantial changes.
mixture of probiotics and prebiotics that beneficially affects the host by improving the survival and activity of beneficial microorganisms in the gut.
This document discusses carbohydrates, including their functions as an energy source, how they are broken down, and types such as starch, fiber, and modified starch. It also provides instructions for a task to design a macaroni and cheese product for children that is high in calcium, has a garnish, increases fiber content, and uses a roux sauce method.
Wheat is a staple food used to make flour for many baked goods and pasta. There are several types of wheat classified by color and hardness, including hard red winter wheat, hard red spring wheat, hard white wheat, soft white wheat, and durum wheat. The wheat grain has several layers - the bran, germ, and endosperm. The endosperm makes up most of the grain and contains starch and gluten proteins that are important for baking. Tests such as the farinograph, alveograph, and extensograph are used to evaluate the properties and quality of wheat flours.
Effect of processing on functional & health foodsAakriti .
This document summarizes the effects of processing on various foods and beverages. It discusses how processing impacts key bioactive compounds in coffee, green tea, soy, tomato, red wine, garlic, spinach, apple, onion, turmeric, and cocoa. In general, processing can lead to losses of proteins, acids, minerals, polyphenols, isoflavones, lycopene, resveratrol, allicin, ascorbic acid, flavonoids, quercetin, curcumin, and flavanols through oxidation, isomerization, degradation, extraction, and thermal breakdown. However, some compounds like caffeine, catechins, and lipids are more stable during processing.
Rittwik Koushik Dash presented on fortified dairy products. Fortification involves adding nutrients to foods that may not have originally contained those nutrients. It is done to improve population nutrition and address nutrient deficiencies. Common fortificants in dairy include vitamins D and A, calcium, iron, and omega-3 fatty acids. Fortified dairy products are particularly suitable for children and adolescents to support growth and development. While fortification provides added nutrients, it does not necessarily make a food healthy and lactose intolerant individuals may have difficulty digesting dairy. The market for fortified dairy products is rising due to increased demand and technological advances.
The document discusses omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids, including their main components, plant and seafood sources, functions in the body, role in various health conditions, and deficiency symptoms. It provides details on the differences between plant and marine sources of omega-3s, how omega-3s function in the body including promoting healthy cell membranes and reducing inflammation, and conditions such as cardiovascular disease and depression that omega-3s may help prevent or treat.
This document discusses food labelling and health claims. It provides an overview of EU food labelling legislation and the new Food Information Regulation that will consolidate rules on nutrition and general food labelling. It describes what information must be included on food labels such as ingredients, nutrition information, allergen labelling, and date marking. It also discusses front-of-pack labelling schemes and the use of nutrition and health claims on food packages.
Development of Nutraceuticals & functional foodsEkta Belwal
“Nutraceuticals” & “Health food” shops has grown enormously, fostered by wide media coverage of their benefits. There has been a boom in their sales as patients rush to self-medicate, either in the hope that these products will be effective in treating diseases unsatisfactorily treated with pharmaceuticals, or that the adverse effects of some pharmaceuticals may be avoided.
Functional foods are foods that provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Japan was the first country to recognize functional foods in 1991 through its FOSHU system. The FSSAI in India issued regulations for functional foods and other products in 2016. Regulations vary between countries but generally classify claims and require scientific evidence to substantiate health claims. Claims are also regulated differently, from general nutrition claims to disease risk reduction claims. Human studies are often needed to approve claims. The FOSHU system and Codex Alimentarius provide frameworks that many countries follow for their own regulations on functional foods and health claims.
The benefits and risks associated with functional foods and nutraceuticals are presented in the presentation. Also, way-forward is captured in light of the risks.
- Cereals are grasses grown for their edible seeds and include major crops like rice, wheat, and maize which provide over half of human calories globally.
- True cereals are grasses while pseudocereals like quinoa are broadleaf plants used similarly. Quinoa is actually a seed, not a grain.
- Major cereals discussed include maize, rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, millet, oats, rye, triticale, and fonio. Each provides important nutrients and culinary or agricultural uses worldwide. Cereals are a staple human food and livestock feed.
The document discusses the nutritional and functional properties of various fruit and vegetable byproducts, specifically their fiber, phytochemical, and antioxidant contents. It finds that apple, grape, and carrot pomace as well as orange, lemon, and mango peels are rich sources of dietary fiber, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, and carotenoids that can potentially be used as ingredients in foods to increase nutritional value and shelf life through their antioxidant effects.
This document discusses hydrocolloids, which are gums that are added to foods to control functional properties like thickening and gelling. It defines hydrocolloids as able to form viscous solutions when mixed with water. It then discusses various types of hydrocolloids like xanthan gum, guar gum, and locust bean gum; their sources and uses in food for thickening, stabilizing, and gelling. Specific uses mentioned are in salad dressings, sauces, ice cream, and dairy products to improve texture.
This document summarizes information about various carotenoids and polyphenols. It discusses their characteristics, uses, health benefits, and sources. Carotenoids are organic pigments found in plants and photosynthetic organisms. Over 600 are known, with beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, gamma-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin having vitamin A activity in humans. Polyphenols include flavonoids and tannins. Flavonoids include anthocyanidins, flavanols, flavones, and flavonones. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and other health benefits. Sources include fruits, vegetables, tea, cocoa. The document provides details on compounds
Chia seeds are an ancient superfood that was an important part of Aztec, Incan, and Mayan diets. They are an excellent source of essential fatty acids and nutrients. Chia seeds have many potential health benefits such as boosting energy, aiding weight loss, and supporting brain and heart health. They can be easily incorporated into foods and recipes.
This document discusses cereals, specifically oats, wheat, and rice, as functional foods. It provides details on the nutritional composition and health benefits of oats, wheat bran, and beta-glucan. Oats contain beta-glucan, a soluble fiber that can help reduce LDL cholesterol and blood pressure. Wheat bran is high in dietary fiber and antioxidants that support digestive health and may reduce risks of colon cancer, breast cancer, and gastrointestinal disorders like constipation and diverticulosis.
This document discusses functional foods and nutraceuticals. It defines functional foods as foods that provide specific health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Nutraceuticals are foods or food components that have medical or health benefits, including disease prevention or treatment. Examples of functional components in foods are given, along with their potential health benefits and sources. The document also discusses probiotic foods, prebiotic foods, and plant stanols/sterols, and their relationships to functional foods and nutraceuticals. Classification systems for nutraceuticals are presented based on their natural sources and chemical constituents.
1) The document discusses synbiotics, which are dietary supplements containing both prebiotics and probiotics.
2) Prebiotics are non-digestible foods that promote the growth of beneficial bacteria in the gut. Probiotics are live microorganisms that provide health benefits when consumed.
3) Synbiotics have potential health benefits such as improving digestive health, boosting immunity, and preventing diarrhea. They also help prebiotics and probiotics work together more efficiently.
This document provides information about magnesium, including:
- Magnesium is essential for good health and is the 4th most abundant mineral in the body, with half located in bones.
- Magnesium aids muscle and nerve function, keeps heart rhythm steady, boosts immune system, and is removed from the body via kidneys.
- Good dietary sources include nuts, beans, grains, dairy, spinach and other greens, potatoes, bananas, and raisins.
- Recommended daily intake varies depending on age and sex.
- Magnesium helps control blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and may lower risk of heart disease and increase exercise time.
The document provides guidelines for developing a sound weight control program. An effective program should be safe and supported by evidence, meet nutritional and physical activity needs, and promote lifestyle changes. It should allow for 1-2 pounds of weekly weight loss, incorporate a variety of affordable foods, and provide social support. Certain types of programs should be avoided, such as those excluding entire food groups or promising quick weight loss. Physician approval is recommended for those with health issues or planning substantial changes.
The document discusses heart healthy foods and provides guidelines for grocery shopping. It lists foods rich in nutrients that improve heart health such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, nuts, and beans. Key terms related to heart health are defined and the best meat choices, which include chicken, turkey, and fish, are outlined according to the American Heart Association.
This document provides information on the importance of physical activity and exercise. It defines physical activity and different types of exercise. It outlines the many health benefits of exercise, including reducing the risk of heart disease, diabetes, and some cancers. It provides recommendations for starting an exercise routine and gives examples of moderate-intensity activities. It also summarizes the work of the Pennington Biomedical Research Center in researching nutrition and preventative medicine.
The document summarizes the typical diet and foods of people from Nepal. It lists many staple foods like rice, lentils, vegetables and flatbreads that are commonly eaten. Dairy products like milk, yogurt and butter are also consumed. Popular dishes include dal bhat tarkari, which consists of lentil soup, rice and vegetable curry. Alcoholic drinks made from rice, millet or grain are also part of the traditional diet. The document provides details on numerous individual foods and recipes that reflect the cuisine of Nepal.
This document discusses superfoods and their health benefits. Superfoods are high in phytonutrients and protect against diseases like cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. Ten superfoods are highlighted, including green leafy vegetables, dairy, lean red meat, whole grains, green tea, citrus fruits and vegetables, seafood, berries and cherries, cruciferous vegetables, and nuts. These superfoods provide nutrients like calcium, iron, fiber, antioxidants, vitamins, and help reduce heart disease and cholesterol. They can easily be incorporated into daily diets from local supermarkets and gardens.
Coronary artery disease and atherosclerosis occur when plaque builds up in the arteries, restricting blood flow to the heart. Risk factors include high cholesterol, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. Symptoms include angina and shortness of breath. Treatment involves controlling risk factors, medications, procedures like angioplasty and stents, and possibly bypass surgery. Valvular disorders like mitral valve prolapse and regurgitation can cause backflow of blood in the heart and result in heart failure if left untreated. Cardiomyopathy directly damages the heart muscle and may lead to arrhythmias or heart failure. Infections of the heart valves and muscle tissue can also severely impact cardiac function if not addressed.
Vitamin D is produced in the skin upon exposure to sunlight and plays an important role in bone health and cellular functions throughout the body. It is hydroxylated in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D and then in the kidneys to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Deficiency is linked to increased risk of various chronic diseases. Vitamin D receptors exist in most cells and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D has wide-ranging effects, including roles in immune function, cell growth regulation, and reduction of inflammation. Adequate vitamin D levels may protect against cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and autoimmune conditions like multiple sclerosis.
The document discusses obesity and its associated risks. It defines obesity as a chronic energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories expended. Individual behaviors, environment, and genetics all contribute to obesity. Excess weight gain is associated with increased risks of several health conditions like hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and certain cancers. Untreated hypertension can damage vital organs and increase risks of heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, and vision loss.
Cranberries have many potential health benefits according to research. Studies have shown that cranberries rank highest among 11 fruits in total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Cranberry extracts also showed the most potent antiproliferative effects in cell cultures, suggesting they may prevent rapid cell growth like cancer cells. Specifically, cranberries may prevent urinary tract infections and Helicobacter pylori infections by inhibiting bacterial adhesion. Cranberry flavonoids also stop the growth of various cancer cell lines and reduce cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting enzymes involved in cancer and inflammation. Cranberries thus have potential roles in preventing cancer, heart disease, and infections.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
This document provides information about blueberries, including:
- Blueberries have many health benefits and antioxidant compounds that may delay chronic diseases.
- They are related to cranberries, bilberries, and cowberries, and are cultivated and picked wild.
- Blueberries have the highest concentration of antioxidants and may reduce cancer and heart disease risk by inhibiting tumor growth and reducing risk factors.
Bioactivity-guided Fractionation of Selected Botanticalsnaturessunshine
This document summarizes research on bioactivity-guided fractionation of selected botanicals, including black chokeberry, maqui berry, mangosteen, and noni. Key findings include:
- Isolates from black chokeberry and maqui berry showed potent antioxidant and quinone reductase induction activities.
- Compounds isolated from mangosteen, including xanthones, exhibited antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. α-Mangostin in particular showed aromatase inhibition.
- The presentation outlined the application of bioactivity-guided fractionation to identify potential cancer chemopreventive compounds from these botanicals.
The document discusses the health benefits of blueberries. It states that blueberries contain phytochemicals called anthocyanins that act as antioxidants and may reduce the risk of chronic diseases like cancer and heart disease. Regular consumption of blueberries may improve brain, vision and heart health, and reduce the risk of conditions like diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. The document concludes that blueberries are a superfood due to the various health benefits provided by their phytochemical content.
This document summarizes research on the antimicrobial properties of blueberries against harmful bacteria. It finds that blueberry juice was highly effective at inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus but had little effect on Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter aerogenes. The antimicrobial activity of blueberries is attributed to their high levels of phenolic compounds. While blueberries showed promise against S. aureus, more research is needed to determine if they can effectively treat infections from other antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
Fruit as Medicine: blueberry, Genus vacciniumKevin KF Ng
This document provides information about blueberries and their health benefits. It begins with an outline of the topics to be covered, including the scientific classification of blueberries, major production areas, nutrient and bioactive compounds, pharmacological effects, and clinical studies. It then delves into details on the types and cultivation of blueberries, their phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties. Several studies are summarized showing blueberries may help conditions like diabetes, hypertension, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases. The document concludes by noting blueberries are a good source of anthocyanins but have low bioavailability, with metabolites produced by gut microbiota potentially responsible for health effects.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A study review of documented phytochemistry of vernonia amygdalina as the ba...Alexander Decker
1) The study reviewed the documented phytochemistry of Vernonia amygdalina leaves, which revealed the presence of compounds like anthraquinones, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and terpenoids.
2) Previous studies on the pharmacologic activities of V. amygdalina extract found it has hypoglycemic, antimalarial, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. These activities are attributed to the phytochemicals present in the plant.
3) One study found V. amygdalina extracts had significant antioxidant activity in various test systems due to their total phenolic and flavonoid
Anticancer phytochemicals of citrus fruits newariningrat
This document summarizes research on phytochemicals in citrus fruits that have potential anticancer properties. It discusses several classes of compounds found in citrus, including limonoids, essential oils, carotenoids, vitamins, coumarins, and fatty acids. Studies have found that many of these individual compounds in citrus demonstrate anticancer effects in cell and animal studies, and citrus consumption is associated with reduced cancer risk in epidemiological studies. The review covers research on the anticancer mechanisms and activities of phytochemicals in citrus fruits.
This document provides an overview of the UMI product from Agel. It includes sections on marketing, research, scientific summaries, product labels, approved claims, safety, age guidelines, and glossary. The key active ingredient in UMI is fucoidan, a complex carbohydrate found in brown seaweed. Fucoidan supports immune function and overall health and vitality. Each packet of UMI provides 210mg of fucoidan and over 20% of the daily value of iodine. UMI can be safely consumed by adults and adolescents at 1-2 packets per day.
The Qore Defense Organic Mushroom Complex combines six medicinal mushroom varieties known to support immune system activity. Each mushroom has a specific role and they work synergistically for outstanding immune support. The mushrooms are organically grown and include Reishi, Cordyceps, Coriolus, Zhu Ling, Maitake, and Shiitake. The product is designed to support healthy immune function, activate natural killer cells, help maintain health during seasonal changes, and increase energy.
This document discusses various foods that may help prevent and fight cancer, referred to as "cancer fighting foods." It provides details on nutrients and compounds found in brassica vegetables, sprouts, mushrooms, allium vegetables, turmeric, ginger, berries, avocado, nuts, green tea and fermented foods that have anti-cancer properties based on research studies. It also includes recipes for mineral broth and medicinal mushroom soup that can help support nutrition and appetite during cancer treatment.
Screening and evaluation of medicinal properties of grape fruit varieties in ...EditorIJAERD
Theni districts could be considered one of the highest grapes producing area also export best quality of
Paneer dhrakshai Indian table grapes in Tamil Nadu. The research work focused to identify the nutritive compounds in
the grapes (Vitis vinifera) species which are a wonderful fruit having pulp content, vibrant color and exert an immense
health benefits. Grape fruits were found to be rich source of Anthocyanin content and vitamin C also macromolecules
contents such as carbohydrate contents of 29mg, Protein 18.7mg and fat content 3.7mg /100 g of f. wt. Micronutrients
were estimated by AAS which showed that calcium content was 3.1mg/g.f.wt, iron content 2.7 mg/g.f.wt, potassium 2.6
mg/g.f.wt found to be more than other minerals in fresh extracts of grape fruits. The comparative results of revealed
considerable amount of phytoconstituents in grape fruits in which anthocyanins alone has been taken to evaluate
therapeutic effects on breast cancer cell MCF-7 cell viability test was carried out to determine cell proliferation. The
results revealed presence of anthocyanins in high quantity in the process of purification through various biochemical
methods that could ultimately be used for preventing cancerous cell proliferation which reduces the development of
cancer diseases. On comparison Grapes (Vitis vinifera) may serve as functional food with vital pharmaceutical and
biological value.
Syzygium cumini, commonly known as jamun, is a tropical tree native to India and other parts of Asia. It produces purplish-black fruits that are high in anthocyanins. The tree has great economic importance as most parts are used in traditional medicine and its wood is strong and termite resistant. The fruits contain many phytochemicals and minerals that have been shown to have health benefits such as controlling blood sugar, antioxidant effects, anti-inflammatory properties, and more. There is potential for the fruits and other parts of the tree to be developed into nutraceuticals. However, more clinical research is still needed to study the effects of S. cumini extracts on human health.
This document discusses 40 superfoods that can help reduce the signs of aging. It provides details on 8 foods: almonds, flaxseeds, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, spinach, rosemary, wild salmon, and blueberries. These foods contain antioxidants and other compounds that can boost brain function, reduce inflammation, strengthen heart health, protect skin, enhance immunity, build muscle, and lower cancer and disease risks. Eating these superfoods regularly is recommended for optimal health and aging.
This document discusses 40 superfoods that can help reduce the signs of aging. It provides details on 8 foods: almonds, flaxseeds, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, spinach, rosemary, wild salmon, and blueberries. These foods contain antioxidants and other compounds that can boost brain function, reduce inflammation, strengthen heart health, protect skin, enhance immunity, build muscle, and lower cancer and disease risks. Eating these superfoods regularly is recommended for optimal health and aging.
This document summarizes 40 foods that are considered "age-erasing superfoods" according to research on their muscle-building, brain-enhancing, wrinkle-erasing, heart-strengthening, bone-protecting, immunity-boosting, and inflammation-fighting properties. It provides a brief overview of the key nutrients and health benefits of foods such as almonds, flaxseeds, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, spinach, rosemary, wild salmon, blueberries, green tea, dark chocolate, tuna, carrots, dried plums, whole grains, red wine, yogurt, avocado, walnuts, turmeric, black beans, apples, Alaskan king crab, pome
This document discusses gluten free eating and its benefits. It states that individuals with celiac disease or gluten sensitivity cannot eat foods containing gluten, which is found in wheat, barley, and rye. It provides lists of hidden sources of gluten and acceptable gluten-free grains and starches. The document recommends eating gluten-free only if medically necessary, as it can be expensive and risk nutrient deficiencies. Whole grains are promoted as heart-healthy due to fiber, vitamins, and minerals that may reduce risks for chronic diseases.
Coconut oil has various health benefits. It contains antioxidants and antimicrobial fatty acids. While high in saturated fat, studies show coconut oil may not increase heart disease risk like other saturated fats due to its unique fatty acid composition. Coconut oil is solid at room temperature and can be used for cooking or baking, where it adds flavor and has a higher burning point than other oils. The fatty acids in coconut oil are metabolized differently than other fats and may provide benefits for conditions like malabsorption.
This document summarizes the health effects of coconut oil by comparing its fatty acid composition to other oils like corn oil. It finds that while coconut oil has more saturated fat than corn oil, its medium-chain fatty acids may provide benefits like supporting immune function and reducing abdominal fat. However, it cautions that coconut oil should not completely replace unsaturated vegetable oils which provide essential fatty acids and are generally healthier. Overall, the document concludes coconut oil can be consumed in moderation as part of a balanced diet for its possible health benefits and flavor in cooking.
Resveratrol is a compound found in various plants and foods like grapes, blueberries, and red wine. It has many health benefits such as being an antioxidant that reduces oxidative damage, inhibiting cancer development at various stages, reducing inflammation, and helping to regulate blood glucose and lipid levels. Resveratrol protects cells and tissues from damage by reducing free radicals, preventing platelet aggregation, inhibiting cancer-promoting enzymes, and modulating inflammatory pathways. These properties may help prevent chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative conditions.
This document provides an overview of research on flavonoids found in cocoa and chocolate. It summarizes that cocoa and chocolate are high in flavonoids like catechins and epicatechins which have been linked to health benefits. Studies show these flavonoids can improve blood vessel function, lower blood pressure, and reduce risk factors for cardiovascular disease by reducing oxidation of LDL cholesterol and inhibiting platelet aggregation. However, the amount of flavonoids varies depending on cocoa processing and the type of chocolate. More research is still needed on the long term effects of cocoa flavonoids in humans.
The document discusses the DASH diet plan for reducing hypertension. It provides information on hypertension prevalence, blood pressure goals, and how high blood pressure affects the body. The DASH diet is highlighted as an effective non-pharmacological approach to treating hypertension through its focus on fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and low-fat dairy while limiting sodium, red meat, and sugar. Weight loss through diet and exercise is also emphasized as important for reducing hypertension risk factors like obesity.
Nutrient sensing and metabolic disturbanceshelix1661
This document summarizes potential causes of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance, including ectopic fat accumulation, impaired fat oxidation, defects in mitochondrial function, and impaired lipid metabolism. It also discusses adipose tissue as an endocrine organ and the roles of adipocytokines like adiponectin and resistin. Finally, it examines nutrient sensing pathways such as AMPK that regulate cellular energy levels and metabolism.
Gestational diabetes occurs in approximately 5% of pregnancies and results in high blood sugar levels during pregnancy. It develops when the placenta produces hormones that prevent the mother's cells from properly using insulin. To manage gestational diabetes, patients must monitor their blood sugar levels, follow a healthy diet with balanced carbohydrate intake, engage in moderate physical activity, and potentially take insulin or other medications. Maintaining blood sugar control is important for the health of both the mother and baby.
This document discusses several studies related to gestational diabetes and macrosomia. The first study found that maternal BMI had a greater influence on the development of large for gestational age (LGA) babies than glucose control. A second study identified that maternal BMI and LGA in a previous pregnancy most influenced fetal growth in the late second and early third trimesters, while maternal glycemia predominantly impacted growth later in the third trimester. A third study examined the degree of glucose control needed in women with type 1 diabetes to achieve normal fetal growth and neonatal proportions.
This document discusses common complications that can arise from diabetes, including heart disease, kidney disease, eye complications, nerve damage, foot complications, skin complications, and depression. It provides details on each complication, such as how diabetes increases the risks of heart attack, stroke, and kidney failure. It emphasizes the importance of controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol to reduce health risks.
This document discusses obesity in teens and children. It finds that Mexican-American and non-Hispanic black youth have higher rates of overweight than white youth. Adolescents and older adults are more likely to be overweight than younger groups. Obesity results from long-term energy imbalance where calories consumed exceed calories used. Having two overweight parents significantly increases a child's risk of becoming overweight themselves. Measuring tricep skinfold thickness from ages 3 to 17 showed children of two obese parents were three times as fat as children of two lean parents by age 17.
This document provides an overview of childhood obesity including prevalence, risks, environmental and genetic factors, critical periods of development, diet, physical activity, and recommendations for prevention. Some key points:
- Rates of childhood obesity in the US have increased 2-3 fold over the last 25 years. Approximately 18.8% of US children ages 6-11 are overweight.
- Risk factors for childhood obesity include family history, low income, lack of physical activity, excess calorie intake, excessive screen time, and lack of breastfeeding.
- Critical periods for the development of obesity are gestation, ages 5-6, and adolescence. Early life nutrition and growth patterns can impact future health.
This document discusses lycopene, a carotenoid pigment found in tomatoes and other red fruits and vegetables. It provides lycopene's sources, history of research on it, levels of intake in different populations, content in various foods, biological activities including antioxidant effects, and potential health benefits related to reducing risks of certain cancers and cardiovascular disease. The Pennington Nutrition Series publishes research from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center on nutrition, chronic disease prevention, and healthy aging.
Grilling vegetables and fruits instead of red meats can reduce the risk of chronic diseases. When vegetables are grilled, they do not form cancer-causing compounds like meats do. Colorful vegetables like corn, zucchini, and bell peppers as well as fruits make for healthy grilling options. To prevent the formation of cancer-causing PAHs and HCAs when grilling meats, one should use techniques like pre-cooking meats, avoiding excess fat and charring, frequent flipping, and marinating meats in herbs and spices.
This document summarizes potential health benefits of green tea. It discusses how green tea contains polyphenols, particularly catechins like EGCG, that may provide benefits. Some potential benefits highlighted include reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, certain cancers, and neurodegenerative diseases. The document also discusses how green tea's antioxidants may protect cells from damage and help prevent chronic diseases associated with aging.
Genetic considerations in obesity developmenthelix1661
The document summarizes genetic research on human obesity from the Pennington Biomedical Research Center. It details that over 600 genes have been associated with obesity. Specific genetic disorders are described that can cause obesity like Cushing's syndrome. Mouse models are used to study obesity genes and their role in food intake and metabolism. Genome-wide studies have linked obesity phenotypes to particular chromosomes. The research aims to identify gene combinations and mutations that influence obesity risk and how they interact with environment.
This document outlines a lesson plan on dietary fat for high school students. It covers key concepts about fat including what fat is, the functions of dietary fat, different types of fat like saturated, unsaturated and trans fats, and how fats affect health. The lesson defines terms like cholesterol and lipoproteins and discusses the importance of reducing unhealthy fats and increasing healthy fats. It provides information on fat content of different foods and evaluating fat on nutrition labels. The plan includes slides, activities and handouts to teach students about fats and their impact on health.
The document discusses common potential complications of diabetes such as heart disease, kidney disease, eye complications, diabetic neuropathy, foot complications, skin complications, gastroparesis, and depression. It provides details on each complication including causes, risk factors, signs and symptoms, and treatment or prevention options. The document emphasizes the importance of controlling blood sugar, blood pressure, and cholesterol to reduce the risk of developing diabetes complications.
This document promotes the health benefits of eating seafood. It recommends consuming 3-5 ounces of seafood 2-3 times per week as it is high in protein and omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids are important for health, growth, brain function and lowering the risk of diseases. Salmon, trout, tuna and mackerel are good sources of omega-3. The document was created by researchers at the Pennington Biomedical Research Center to educate the public about nutrition.
This document discusses calcium and its importance for bone health. It recommends daily calcium intake amounts based on age, and notes that calcium comes primarily from dairy products. Not getting enough calcium can lead to osteoporosis and weak bones. It encourages consuming adequate calcium from milk and other dairy or green vegetables every day, especially during growth periods, to build strong bones and prevent osteoporosis. Exercise and sunlight exposure also contribute to bone strength.
NAVIGATING THE HORIZONS OF TIME LAPSE EMBRYO MONITORING.pdfRahul Sen
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
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Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
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5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
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Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
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The key to a good grip on asthma is proper knowledge and management strategies. Understanding the patient-specific symptoms and carving out an effective treatment likewise is the best way to keep asthma under control.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptxHolistified Wellness
We’re talking about Vedic Meditation, a form of meditation that has been around for at least 5,000 years. Back then, the people who lived in the Indus Valley, now known as India and Pakistan, practised meditation as a fundamental part of daily life. This knowledge that has given us yoga and Ayurveda, was known as Veda, hence the name Vedic. And though there are some written records, the practice has been passed down verbally from generation to generation.
8 Surprising Reasons To Meditate 40 Minutes A Day That Can Change Your Life.pptx
Health benefits of blueberries
1. Pennington Nutrition Series
Healthier lives through education in nutrition and preventive medicine No. 39
Blueberries
“Their role in health”
Overview
Blueberries are the common name for the group of
flowering plants in the genus Vaccinium, section
Cyanococcus.
Other sections in the genus, native to other parts of
the world like Europe, include other wild shrubs
which produce edible berries, such as cranberries,
bilberries, and cowberries. These berries are also
known for having important health benefits.
Blueberries are both cultivated and picked wild. In
North America, V. corymbosum (aka Northern
Highbush Blueberry) is the most common cultivated
species.
Usage and Popularity
Blueberries are used in jellies, jams, and pies. They
are baked into muffins and are an ingredient in many
other snacks and delicacies.
A more recent use of blueberries includes blueberry
juice which has now entered the market and is
considered a whole new category of juice on the
beverage aisle.
Blueberries have increasingly gained attention; USDA
reports indicate that between the years of 1994 and
2003, annual U.S. consumption of fresh blueberries
rose approximately 1.6 times.
This gain in attention is likely due to the increased
recognition of the potential human health benefits of
regular blueberry consumption.
2. What are Phytochemicals? The health benefits of blueberries are believed
to be due to the diverse range of phytochemicals
contained within them, giving rise to the
Phytochemicals, commonly referred to as
following biological properties:
phytonutrients, are naturally-occurring
non-nutritive (not required in the diet like
Antioxidant
nutrients) constituents of fruits and
Anticancer
vegetables. They are said to be bioactive
Anti-neurodegerative
and are considered to have a beneficial
Anti-inflammatory
effect on human health.
Because of these properties, many studies
have been conducted in order to further explore
the potential relationship between the
components found in blueberries and disease.
Cancer Risk
Overview: Berry fruits, particularly blueberries, have been under recent
investigation in regards to their role in cancer prevention. Several different
cancers have been investigated, including oral, breast, colon and prostate cancers.
Reporting the Studies
One study evaluating the ability of 6 different berry extracts (including
blueberry extract) to inhibit the growth of human oral, breast, colon and
prostate tumor cell lines at differing concentrations (25 to 200 µg/ml) found
all extracts to be concentration dependent. The greater the concentration of
berry extract, the greater the inhibition of cell proliferation in all cell lines
observed, translating to lower risks for cancer.
Another in vitro study looked at the effects of 10 different extracts of fruits
and berries on cell proliferation of colon cancer cells HT29 and breast cancer
cells MCF-7. This study also found the effects of these extracts to be
concentration dependent and noted that of the 10 extracts tested (at the
highest concentration used), blueberry extract exhibited the greatest effects
on colon cancer cells.
To clarify, an
In order to determine which component of blueberry extract is most
in vitro study is
responsible for these anticancer properties observed among several in vitro
a study that
studies, one study separated blueberry extract based on phenolic compounds
takes place in
known to be present. This separation resulted in 4 different fractions: the
an artificial
flavanol, tannin, phenolic acid, and Anthocyanin fractions. Although all four
environment
fractions did show inhibition of cell proliferation, the Anthocyanin fractions
outside the
were shown to be the strongest, inhibiting cancer cell proliferation at much
living organism.
lower concentrations than the other fractions.
3. Heart Disease Risk
It is known that regular consumption of fruits and vegetables lowers the
risk for developing heart disease. A study examined the effects of
blueberry consumption in relation to heart disease risk. Participants
(chronic cigarette smokers) consumed either 250 grams of blueberries a
day for three weeks or one dose of 250 grams of fruit. Several markers
of oxidative stress were examined along with a marker of antioxidant po-
tential. A significant decrease in one marker of oxidative stress was
found among those who consumed fruit on a daily basis but not in those
with one dose. This suggests that in order to obtain the greatest level
of benefits comes from regular consumption.
Alzheimer's Risk
The consumption of blueberries is also believed to possibly play a role
in delaying the development of neurodegenerative diseases, such as
Alzheimer's disease. There have been several studies in laboratory
animals that show promising results.
One study fed blueberry extracts to laboratory animals for 8 weeks.
After the 8-week feeding, the researchers noted a reversal of age
-related deficits in both neuronal signaling and behavioral pa-
rameters. Although the researchers believed that the improvements
seen were due to the polyphenols in the blueberry (BB) extract,
it was not evident whether or not these phytonutrients entered the
brain.
A further study for 8-10 weeks on spatial learning and memory meas-
ures was repeated. Results showed that several anthocyanin were
found in the brain and there was a positive relationship between
spatial learning/memory and anthocyanin content of the cortex. Re-
searchers concluded that the polyphenols can enter the brain.
GI Health
The consumption of phenolic compounds in berries has also been suggested to play a role in gastrointestinal (GI)
health. One study found that these compounds inhibited the growth of several intestinal pathogens, such as
Salmonella and Staphylococcus. Another study examined the effect of six different berries (raspberries, straw-
berries, crnaberries, elderberries, blueberries, and bilberries) on inhibiting the growth of Heliobacter pylori. H
pylori is a bacterial infection that can become serious if left untreated. It has the potential to progress to
gastritis (irritation and inflammation of the lining of the stomach), peptic ulcer disease [PUD] (characterized by
sores in the stomach or the duodenum) and possibly even stomach cancer later in life. This particular study was
done in order to determine the effects of the berries alone and also in combination with a drug, clarithromycin,
which H. pylori. H pylori can become resistant to clarithromycin. The study found that, when compared with the
controls, all berries significantly inhibited growth of H. pylori, and that the berry extracts also increased the
susceptibility of H. pylori to clarithromycin.
4. A blend of the 6 berries, referred to as
Optiberry, was also tested in this experiment.
It was shown to exhibit the greatest effects
on H. pylori. Because of these inhibitory
effects on several intestinal pathogens,
it has been suggested that the antimicrobial
properties of berries could be utilized in
functional foods.
References
1. Olsson M et al. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro by
fruit and berry extracts and correlations with antioxidant levels.
J Agric Food Chem. 2004; 52: 7264-71.
2. Yi W, Fischer J, Krewer G, Akoh C. Phenolic compounds from
blueberries can inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation and induce
apoptosis. J Agric Food Chem. 2005; 53: 7320-29 The Pennington Biomedical Research Center is a world-renowned
3. Seeram N et al. Blackberry, black raspberry, blueberry, cranberry, nutrition research center.
red raspberry and strawberry extracts inhibit growth and stimu-
late apoptosis of human cancer cells in vitro. J Agric Food Chem. Mission:
2006; 54: 9329-39. To promote healthier lives through research and education in nu-
trition and preventive medicine.
4. McAnulty SR et al. Effect of daily fruit ingestion on angiotensin
converting enzyme activity, blood pressure, and oxidative stress in The Pennington Center has several research areas, including:
chronic smokers. Free Radic Res. 2005; 39(11): 1241-8.
5. Lau FC et al. Beneficial effects of fruit polyphenols on brain aging. Clinical Obesity Research
6. Ramierz MR et al. Effect of lyophilized Vaccinium berries on Experimental Obesity
memory, anxiety and locomotion in adult rats. Pharmacol Res. Functional Foods
2005; 52 (6): 457-62. Health and Performance Enhancement
Nutrition and Chronic Diseases
7. Andres-Lacueva C et al. Anthocyanins in aged blueberry-fed rats
Nutrition and the Brain
are found centrally and may enhance memory. Dementia, Alzheimer’s and healthy aging
8. Blueberries. Available at: http://www.fas.usda.gov/htp/ Diet, exercise, weight loss and weight loss maintenance
Commodity_Pages/Fruits/2005%20Blueberries.pdf
9. Blueberry. Available at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blueberries The research fostered in these areas can have a profound impact
on healthy living and on the prevention of common chronic dis-
eases, such as heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension and
Pennington Nutrition Series Pub No 39 osteoporosis.
Authors
The Division of Education provides education and information to
Heli J. Roy, PhD, RD
the scientific community and the public about research findings,
Shanna Lundy, MS training programs and research areas, and coordinates educational
events for the public on various health issues.
Beth Kalicki
Division of Education We invite people of all ages and backgrounds to participate in the
exciting research studies being conducted at the Penning-
Phillip Brantley, PhD, Director ton Center in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. If you would like to take
Pennington Biomedical Research Center part, visit the clinical trials web page at www.pbrc.edu or call
(225) 763-3000.
Claude Bouchard, PhD, Executive Director
Edited : October 2009