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First Aid
Basic First AidBasic First Aid
Securing theSecuring the
SceneScene
 Electrical hazards
 Chemical hazards
 Noxious & Toxic gases
 Ground hazards
 Fire
 Unstable equipment
Before performing any FirstBefore performing any First
Aid,Aid,
Check for:Check for:
Universal Precautions forUniversal Precautions for
AirborneAirborne
& Bloodborn Pathogens& Bloodborn Pathogens
HIV & Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Gloves & Respiratory
Barrier devise are a must to
prevent transmission of
diseases
Fundamentals of First AidFundamentals of First Aid
1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
2. Control bleeding
3. Treat for Shock (medical emergencies)
4. Open wounds & Burns
5. Fractures & Dislocations
6. Transportation
Activate EMS SystemActivate EMS System
“Call Out or 911”
Cardio PulmonaryCardio Pulmonary
ResuscitationResuscitation
Control of BleedingControl of Bleeding
Direct
Pressure
Elevation
Cold
Applications
Pressure
bandage
Sources for ConsiderationSources for Consideration
Veins
Capillary
SpurtinSpurtin
gg
Steady flowSteady flow
OozingOozing
Artery
Internal
Injuries
Pressure PointsPressure Points
Where the artery
passes over a bone
close to the skin
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
TourniquetTourniquet
AbsoluteAbsolute last resortlast resort
in controllingin controlling
bleeding. Rememberbleeding. Remember
Life over limbLife over limb
Once aOnce a
tourniquet istourniquet is
applied, it is notapplied, it is not
to be removed ,to be removed ,
only by a doctoronly by a doctor
ShockShock
Shock affects allShock affects all
major functions ofmajor functions of
the bodythe body
loss of blood flow toloss of blood flow to
the tissues andthe tissues and
organsorgans
Shock must beShock must be
treated in alltreated in all
accident casesaccident cases
Treatment for ShockTreatment for Shock
Lie victim down if possibleLie victim down if possible
-Face is pale-raise the tail-Face is pale-raise the tail
-Face is red-raise the head-Face is red-raise the head
Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing
Keep victim warm and dryKeep victim warm and dry
Do not give anything by mouthDo not give anything by mouth
Transport!Transport!
Thermal burnsThermal burns
Cold
application
Remove
constricting
clothing
Dry sterile
dressing
Treat for
shock
TRANSPORT!
Severe BurnsSevere Burns
Send for medical attention.
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20minutes.
Lay the casualty down and make him as
comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from
ground contact.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or
constricting clothing from the injured area before
it begins to swell.
Cover the injured area loosely with sterile
unmedicated dressing or similar non fluffy
material and bandage.
Severe BurnsSevere Burns
Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.
Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the
injury.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the
injured area.
Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin
resuscitation immediately,
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally,
place in the recovery position.
Treat for shock.
Fractures & DislocationsFractures & Dislocations
Must treat for bleeding
first
Do not push bones
back into place
Don’t align a break -
Unless equipped and
trained - treat as found
SplintsSplints
Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape
of deformity
Be careful of temperature or elevation change
Neck & Spinal InjuriesNeck & Spinal Injuries
CARE AND TREATMENT
ABC's
extreme care in initial examination
— minimal movement
urgent ambulance transport
apply cervical collar or support
treat for shock
treat any other injuries
maintain body heat
if movement required, 'log roll' and
use assistants
always maintain head alignment
with the spine
LiftingLifting
TechniquesTechniques
Two person carryTwo person carry
Lift & roll or log rollLift & roll or log roll
4 person straddle4 person straddle
Questions/Comments?Questions/Comments?

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Another first aid

  • 3. Securing theSecuring the SceneScene  Electrical hazards  Chemical hazards  Noxious & Toxic gases  Ground hazards  Fire  Unstable equipment Before performing any FirstBefore performing any First Aid,Aid, Check for:Check for:
  • 4. Universal Precautions forUniversal Precautions for AirborneAirborne & Bloodborn Pathogens& Bloodborn Pathogens HIV & Hepatitis Tuberculosis Gloves & Respiratory Barrier devise are a must to prevent transmission of diseases
  • 5. Fundamentals of First AidFundamentals of First Aid 1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation) 2. Control bleeding 3. Treat for Shock (medical emergencies) 4. Open wounds & Burns 5. Fractures & Dislocations 6. Transportation Activate EMS SystemActivate EMS System “Call Out or 911”
  • 7. Control of BleedingControl of Bleeding Direct Pressure Elevation Cold Applications Pressure bandage
  • 8. Sources for ConsiderationSources for Consideration Veins Capillary SpurtinSpurtin gg Steady flowSteady flow OozingOozing Artery Internal Injuries
  • 9. Pressure PointsPressure Points Where the artery passes over a bone close to the skin Temporal Facial Carotid Sub-clavian Brachial Radial Ulnar Femoral Popliteal Pedal
  • 10. TourniquetTourniquet AbsoluteAbsolute last resortlast resort in controllingin controlling bleeding. Rememberbleeding. Remember Life over limbLife over limb Once aOnce a tourniquet istourniquet is applied, it is notapplied, it is not to be removed ,to be removed , only by a doctoronly by a doctor
  • 11. ShockShock Shock affects allShock affects all major functions ofmajor functions of the bodythe body loss of blood flow toloss of blood flow to the tissues andthe tissues and organsorgans Shock must beShock must be treated in alltreated in all accident casesaccident cases
  • 12. Treatment for ShockTreatment for Shock Lie victim down if possibleLie victim down if possible -Face is pale-raise the tail-Face is pale-raise the tail -Face is red-raise the head-Face is red-raise the head Loosen tight clothingLoosen tight clothing Keep victim warm and dryKeep victim warm and dry Do not give anything by mouthDo not give anything by mouth Transport!Transport!
  • 14. Severe BurnsSevere Burns Send for medical attention. Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20minutes. Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible, protecting burn area from ground contact. Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing from the injured area before it begins to swell. Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmedicated dressing or similar non fluffy material and bandage.
  • 15. Severe BurnsSevere Burns Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn. Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury. Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area. Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering. If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately, If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the recovery position. Treat for shock.
  • 16. Fractures & DislocationsFractures & Dislocations Must treat for bleeding first Do not push bones back into place Don’t align a break - Unless equipped and trained - treat as found
  • 17. SplintsSplints Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of deformity Be careful of temperature or elevation change
  • 18. Neck & Spinal InjuriesNeck & Spinal Injuries CARE AND TREATMENT ABC's extreme care in initial examination — minimal movement urgent ambulance transport apply cervical collar or support treat for shock treat any other injuries maintain body heat if movement required, 'log roll' and use assistants always maintain head alignment with the spine
  • 19. LiftingLifting TechniquesTechniques Two person carryTwo person carry Lift & roll or log rollLift & roll or log roll 4 person straddle4 person straddle