1. The document provides information on basic first aid procedures including securing the scene, chain of survival, universal precautions, ABCs of first aid, controlling bleeding, treating shock, burns, fractures, head injuries, and spinal injuries.
2. It describes signs and symptoms of various medical emergencies like heat illness, diabetic emergencies, snake bites, and heart attacks.
3. The document emphasizes the importance of early activation of EMS, proper first aid techniques like direct pressure for bleeding and splinting of suspected fractures, and potential legal protections for first aiders under good samaritan laws.
First Aid Guide Presentation Buffalo Grove HS Health 2021KadenKhayyata
First Aid Guide presentation, ranging from Heat illnesses, to concussions, to poison problems. Created by Kaden Khayyata, Kyle Rickman, and Lily Chretein.
first aid emergency total content 8.4.22.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training
First Aid Guide Presentation Buffalo Grove HS Health 2021KadenKhayyata
First Aid Guide presentation, ranging from Heat illnesses, to concussions, to poison problems. Created by Kaden Khayyata, Kyle Rickman, and Lily Chretein.
first aid emergency total content 8.4.22.pptxanjalatchi
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery until medical services arrive. First aid is generally performed by someone with basic medical training
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. 2
Securing the scene
• 1. Electrical hazards
• 2. Chemical hazards
• 3. Noxious & Toxic gases
• 4. Ground hazards
• 5. Fire
• 6. Unstable equipment
Before performing any First Aid,
Check for:
3. 3
Chain of Survival
Early
Access”911”
Early CPR
or First Aid
You
Early
Defibrillation
EMS on
scene
Early
Advanced
Care
Hospital
In order for a person to survive:
Pay attention to:
HISTORY; what happened; from the casualty or bystanders
SYMPTOMS; what only the casualty can tell you
SIGNS; what you can see for yourself
4. 4
Universal Precautions for Airborne
& Bloodborn Pathogens
HIV & Hepatitis
Tuberculosis
Gloves & Respiratory
Barrier devise are a must to
prevent transmission of
diseases
5. 5
DURING TREATMENT
avoid coughing, breathing, or speaking over the
wound
avoid contact with body fluids
use a face shield or mask with one-way-valve
when doing active resuscitation
use only clean bandages and dressings
avoid treating more than one casualty without
washing hands and changing gloves
AFTER TREATMENT
clean up both casualty and yourself
clean up the immediate vicinity
dispose of dressings, bandages, gloves and
soiled clothing correctly
wash hands with soap and water
6. 6
Fundamentals of First Aid
Activate EMS System
“911”
• 1. ABC (airway-breathing-circulation)
• 2. Control bleeding
• 3. Treat for Shock(medical emergencies)
• 4. Open wounds & Burns
• 5. Fractures & Dislocations
• 6. Transportation
8. 8
Reaction Time
• If CPR/Artificial respiration is administered
• Chance of brain damage
0 to 4 minutes -
4 to 6 minutes -
6 to 10 minutes-
10 minutes + -
Recovery rate of
victim if has
artificial
respiration done
immediately
Oxygenated
blood flow
must get to
brain
9. 9
A-B-C’s
• Use chin lift/head tilt
Look.-listen-feel for breathing
Attempt to Ventilate
Ventilate Every 5 seconds
• Establish responsiveness
Check pulse Recovery position
10. 10
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
• Should be trained to perform this procedure
• If done improperly, could harm victim
• Courses available everywhere
• New in Late 2006
– 30 Compressions to 2 Breaths
– For Everyone!
16. 16
Pressure Points
Where the artery
passes over a bone
close to the skin
Temporal
Facial
Carotid
Sub-clavian
Brachial
Radial
Ulnar
Femoral
Popliteal
Pedal
17. 17
Tourniquet
Absolute last resort in
controlling bleeding
Remember - Life or limb
Once a tourniquet is
applied, it is not to be
removed , only by a
doctor
18. 18
Shock
Shock affects all major
functions of the body
loss of blood flow to the
tissues and organs
Shock must be treated in
all accident cases
19. 19
Treatment for Shock
•Lie victim down if possible
•Face is pale-raise the tail
•Face is red-raise the head
•Loosen tight clothing
•Keep victim warm and dry
•Do not give anything by mouth
•No stimulants
20.
21. There are three types of heat
emergencies you may be
required to treat.
1.Heat Exhaustion
2.Heat Stroke
3.Heat Cramps
22. Heat exhaustion is less
dangerous than heat stroke.
It is caused by fluid loss which
in turn causes blood flow to
decrease in vital organs,
resulting in a form of shock.
23. Signs and Symptoms
Cool, Pale, and Moist Skin
Heavy Sweating
Dilated Pupils
Headache
Nausea
Vomiting
Body temperature will be near normal.
24. Get the victim out of the heat and into a
cool place.
Place in the shock position, lying on the
back with feet raised.
Remove or loosen clothing.
Cool by fanning or applying cold packs or
wet towels or sheets. If conscious, give
water to drink every 15 minutes.
25. WHILE HEAT EXHAUSTION IS
NOT A LIFE- THREATENING
EMERGENCY LIKE HEAT
STROKE, IT CAN PROGRESS
TO HEAT STROKE IF LEFT
UNTREATED!
26. Heat cramps are muscular pain and
spasms due to heavy exertion. They
usually involve the abdominal
muscles or legs. It is generally
thought this condition is caused by
loss of water and salt through
sweating.
27. Get victim to a cool place.
If they can tolerate it, give one-half
glass of water every 15 minutes.
Heat cramps can usually be avoided
by increasing fluid intake when active
in hot weather.
28. Heat Stroke is the most serious type
of heat emergency.
It is LIFE-THREATENING and
requires
IMMEDIATE and
AGGRESSIVE treatment!
Heat stroke occurs when the body's heat
regulating mechanism fails. The body
temperature rises so high that brain damage --
and death-- may result unless the body is
cooled quickly.
29. Signs and Symptoms
The victim's skin is HOT, RED
and usually DRY.
Pupils are very small.
The body temperature is VERY
HIGH,
sometimes as high as 105
degrees.
30. Remember, Heat Stroke is a life-
threatening emergency and
requires prompt action!
Summon professional help.
Get the victim into a cool place.
Do not give victim anything by mouth. Treat for
shock.
31. COOL THE VICTIM AS QUICKLY AS
POSSIBLE IN ANY MANNER POSSIBLE!
Place the victiminto a bathtub of cool water, wrap in
wet sheets, place in an air conditioned room.
32. 32
Diabetic emergencies
Insulin Shock (Hypoglycemia)
Result of insufficient sugar- Fast onset
•Cold clammy skin, pale, rapid respiration's and pulse,
incoherent
•Treat by giving sugar bases products
Diabetic coma (Ketoacidosis)
Too much sugar or insufficient insulin- Slow onset
•Warm, dry skin, slow respirations, smell of rotten
fruit on breath
•True medical emergency, activate EMS system
immediately
Find out if victim has past diabetic history
33. 33
Snake & Spider bites
Rattlesnake Copperhead Black Widow Brown Recluse
Limit activity
Constricting bandage above
Cold application
Advanced medical attention
39. 39
Severe Burns and Scalds
Treatment:
Cool the burn area with water for 10 to 20 minutes.
Lay the casualty down and make him as comfortable as possible,
protecting burn area from ground contact.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts or constricting clothing
from the injured area before it begins to swell.
Cover the injured area loosely with sterile unmedicated dressing or
similar non fluffy material and bandage.
Don't remove anything that is sticking to the burn.
Don't apply lotions, ointments, butter or fat to the injury.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere with the injured area.
Don't over-cool the patient and cause shivering.
If breathing and heartbeat stop, begin resuscitation immediately,
If casualty is unconscious but breathing normally, place in the
recovery position.
Treat for shock.
Send for medical attention and prep for transport.
40. 40
Minor Burns and Scalds
Treatment:
Place the injured part under slowly running water,
or soak in cold water for 10 minutes or as long as
pain persists.
Gently remove any rings, watches, belts, and
shoes from the injured area before it starts to
swell.
Dress with clean, sterile, non fluffy material.
Don't use adhesive dressings.
Don't apply lotions, ointments or fat to burn/
scald.
Don't break blisters or otherwise interfere.
If in doubt, seek medical aid.
41. 41
Chemical Burns
Treatment:
Flood the area with slowly running water for
at least ten minutes. (or proper neutralizing
agent)
Gently remove contaminated clothing while
flooding injured area, taking care not to
contaminate yourself.
Continue treatment for SEVERE BURNS
Remove to hospital.
42. 42
Fractures & Dislocations
Must treat for bleeding first
Do not push
bones back
into place
Don’t straighten break
Treat the way you found it
43. 43
IF A DISLOCATION IS SUSPECTED...
1. Apply a splint to the joint to keep it from moving.
2. Try to keep joint elevated to slow bloodflow to the area
3. A doctor should be contacted to have the bone set back
into its socket.
The most common dislocations occur in the shoulder, elbow,
finger, or thumb.
Dislocations
LOOK FOR THESE SIGNS:
1. swelling
2. deformed look
3. pain and tenderness
4. possible discoloration of the affected area
44. 44
Splints
Must be a straight line break Can be formed to shape of
deformity
Be careful of temperature
change
45. 45
PROPER CARE:
1. While waiting on help to arrive, keep the victim lying down in the
recovery position
2. Control any bleeding, and be sure that he is breathing properly.
3. Do not give the victim any liquids to drink.
4. If the victim becomes unconscious for any amount of time, keep track of
this information so that you can report it when medical help arrives.
Head Injuries
A sharp blow to the head could result in a concussion, a jostling of the
brain inside its protective, bony covering. A more serious head injury
may result in contusions, or bruises to the brain.
OTHER SYMPTOMS TO LOOK FOR IF YOU SUSPECT A VICTIM MAY HAVE
A BRAIN INJURY:
1. clear or reddish fluid draining from the ears, nose, or mouth
2. difficulty in speaking
3. headache
4. unequal size of pupils
5. pale skin
6. paralysis of an arm or leg (opposite side of the injury) or face (same
side of the injury)
46. 46
Neck & Spinal Injuries
CARE AND TREATMENT
ABC
extreme care in initial
examination — minimal
movement
urgent ambulance transport
apply cervical collar
treat for shock
treat any other injuries
maintain body heat
if movement required, 'log roll'
and use assistants
always maintain casualty's head
in line with the shoulders
48. 48
These are symptoms of what?
• Uncomfortable pressure ,
squeezing, fullness or dull pain in
the chest or upper abdomen
• Shortness of breath
• Pain in shoulders, arms, neck or
jaws
49. 49
These are possible symptoms of what?
• Pain
• Swelling
• Bruising
• Distortion of limb
53. 53
If you find an unconscious victim, you
should first:
• A. Try 2 rescue breaths
• B. Open the airway
• C. Call 911
• D. Treat major bleeding
54. 54
If a choking victim becomes
unconscious, you should:
• A. Beat them on the back
• B. Check the mouth for
obstructions
• C. Try 2 rescue breaths
• D. Use abdominal thrusts
55. 55
If you get something stuck in your eye,
you should:
• A. Use a tissue or gauze to pull it
out.
• B. Flush it with water
• C. Cover the eyes and get to a
doctor
• D. Rub it, and blink repeatedly
56. 56
Rescue breathing should not be done:
• A. On supervisors
• B. If the person has a pulse
• C. On drowning victims
• D. If the person is breathing
57. 57
Fall victims should be treated:
• A. The same as burn victims
• B. The same as choking victims
• C. As if they had a broken neck or
spine
• D. As soon as they wake up
59. 59
Victims of electrical shock can:
• A. Have serious burns
• B. Be disoriented
• C. Have no pulse
• D. All of the above
60. 60
The best place to check for a pulse is:
• A. The back
• B. The neck
• C. The foot
• D. Inside the left armpit
61. 61
The biggest killer of burn victims is:
• A. Shock
• B. Infection
• C. Contamination of blood
• D. First aiders
62. 62
When calling 911, you should tell them:
• A. Your location
• B. The number of victims
• C. The type of injury, if known
• D. All of the above
63. 63
Heart attack victims usually:
• A. Refuse to believe they are having
one
• B. Like to jog a bit
• C. Have back pain
• D. Show all the symptoms
64. 64
For second degree burns you should:
• A. Make sure you pop all blisters as they
appear
• B. Wrap in dry, sterile dressing
• C. Coat with burn cream
• D. None of the above
65. 65
For sprains, you should:
• A. Apply pressure bandages
• B. Soak in hot water
• C. Apply cold packs
• D. Give two rescue breaths
67. 67
If bitten by a snake, you should:
• A. Use a snakebite kit to open the
wound
• B. Use a tourniquet
• C. Apply cold packs and call 911
• D. Drink plenty of alcohol
68. 68
Moving a victim with broken bones can
result in:
• A. Damage to internal tissues and organs
• B. Paralysis
• C. Death
• D. All of the above
69. 69
You are most likely to perform first aid
at:
• A. Home
• B. Work
• C. Sporting events
• D. On the highway
70. 70
You cannot be successfully sued as a
first aider because of:
• A. Lawyers aren’t like that
• B. People don’t sue those
who try to help them
• C. The Good Samaritan Law
• D. The Bill of Rights