This lab introduces students to the hierarchical organization of animal complexity from the cellular level to organ systems. Key concepts covered include the differences between acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate organisms. Students learn the three main types of body symmetry - radial, bilateral, and spherical/asymmetrical - and examine examples from the animal kingdom. They also compare the developmental patterns of protostomes and deuterostomes, including differences in cleavage and fate of the blastopore. The lab aims to provide students with terminology to describe positions on bilaterally symmetrical organisms using terms like dorsal, ventral, anterior, posterior, and planes of section.
CAMBIUM GROWTH, SECONDARY GROWTH I STEM AND ROOTS, ANNUAL RINGS, WHY NOT IN MONOCOTS, CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER GROWTH (*SOME SLIDES HAVE CUSTOM ANIMATION EFFECTS)
Introduction :
Mendel and subsequent workers assumed that a character was governed by a single gene.
But it was later discovered that many characters in almost all the organisms are governed by two or more genes. Such gene affect the development of concerned characters in various ways.
The phenomenon of two or more gene affecting the expression of each other in various ways in the development of a single character of on organism is known as gene interaction.
Classical and molecular taxonomic parameters, species concept, systematic gradation of animals, nomenclature, modern scheme of animal classification into sub-Kingdom, division, section, phyla and minor phyla
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I. For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
CAMBIUM GROWTH, SECONDARY GROWTH I STEM AND ROOTS, ANNUAL RINGS, WHY NOT IN MONOCOTS, CHANGES BEFORE AND AFTER GROWTH (*SOME SLIDES HAVE CUSTOM ANIMATION EFFECTS)
Introduction :
Mendel and subsequent workers assumed that a character was governed by a single gene.
But it was later discovered that many characters in almost all the organisms are governed by two or more genes. Such gene affect the development of concerned characters in various ways.
The phenomenon of two or more gene affecting the expression of each other in various ways in the development of a single character of on organism is known as gene interaction.
Classical and molecular taxonomic parameters, species concept, systematic gradation of animals, nomenclature, modern scheme of animal classification into sub-Kingdom, division, section, phyla and minor phyla
This is for FYBSc students of University of Mumbai, Maharashtra, India, studying in course one semester I. For further query you may email at sudesh_rathod@yahoo.co.in
Living organisms are made of cells.
In unicellular organisms, a single cell performs all basic functions.
In Amoeba, a single cell carries out movement, intake of food, gaseous exchange and excretion.
Amoeba is example of unicellular cells.
Multi- cellular organisms there are millions of cells.
Each specialised function is taken up by a different group of cells.
Cells that carry out only a particular function, they do it very efficiently.
In human beings, muscle cells contract and relax to cause movement.
In human beings, nerve cells carry messages
In human beings, blood flows to transport oxygen, food, hormones and waste material and so on.
In plants, vascular tissues conduct food and water from one part of the plant to other parts.
Multi-cellular organisms show division of labour.
Definition: Cells specialising in one function are grouped together in the body to carry a particular function by a cluster of cells at a definite place in the body. This cluster of cells, is called a tissues.
These tissues are arranged and designed so as to give the highest possible efficiency of function.
A group of cells that are similar in structure and/or work together to achieve a particular function forms a tissue.
Difference
Plant Tissue: Plants are stationary or fixed, they don’t move. They have to be upright, they have a large quantity of supportive tissue. The supportive tissue generally has dead cells. The growth in plants is limited to certain regions. Some tissues in plants divide throughout their life. The structural organisation of organs and organ systems is far more specialised and localised in complex animals. Organ system design is for sedentary existence in plants
Animal Tissue: Animals move around in search of food, mates and shelter. They consume more energy as compared to plants. Most of the tissues they contain are living. The growth in animals is not limited to certain regions. Cell growth in animals is more uniform. So there is no such demarcation of dividing and non- dividing regions in animals.
The structural organisation of organs and organ systems is not far more specialised and localised than in very complex plants. Organ system design for active locomotion in animals.
INTRODUCTION TO THE
HUMAN BODY
ANATOMY is the study of the structure of the
body and of the relationship of its constituent
parts to each other.
In regional anatomy a geographical study is
made and each region, e.g., arm, leg, head,
chest, etc., is found to consist of a number of
structures common to all regions such as bones,
muscles, nerves, blood vessels and so on.
From this study it follows that a number of
different systems exist.
Anatomy refers to the internal and external structures of the body and their physical relationships, whereas physiology refers to the study of the functions of those structures.
CBSE Class 8 / VIII General Ccience Power Point Presentation
Prepared By
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Empowering NextGen Mobility via Large Action Model Infrastructure (LAMI): pav...
Animal kingdom
1. 1
General Biology II Lab
Lab #6: Introduction to the Kingdom Animalia
______________________________________________________________________________
OBJECTIVES:
1. Understand hierarchical organization of animal complexity.
2. Learn the differences between acoelomate, pseudocoelomate and coelomate organisms.
3. Learn the advantages of cellular specialization to form tissues and organs.
4. Learn how to classify organisms based on body symmetry.
5. Understand the major differences between protostomes and deuterostomes.
6. Learn and employ the directional terms used to identify body positions on different types
of organisms.
______________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION:
The multicellular organisms that make up the 32 phyla of Kingdom Animalia have
evolved from the nearly 100 phyla produced during the Cambrian explosion about 600 million
years ago. During this time, an unprecedented variety of novel body plans and architectures arose
(Fig. 1).
Figure 1. Diversity of members belonging to the Animal Kingdom
In the upcoming labs, we will examine the different levels of complexity and organization in
representative phyla of Kingdom Animalia (See Fig. 2). We will consider the environmental
2. 2
constraints that led to the evolution of particular body plans and the adaptations that certain
animals evolved in order to survive in their respective environments.
In general, members of Kingdom Animalia are eukaryotic, multicellular, motile (at least
during certain developmental stages), heterotrophic and unlike plants, lack a cell wall.
Additionally, most animals reproduce sexually and have a characteristic pattern of embryonic
development. Similar to alternation of generations observed in previous phyla, organisms in the
Animal kingdom undergo stages of development, starting from the fusion of an egg and a sperm
and ending with a multicellular adult phase. While the morphology of the adult organism is
highly species-specific, the genes that regulate organismal development are often conserved
across species. In addition, the life cycles of members of Kingdom Animalia vary considerably,
i.e., the stages may look completely different from each other (metamorphosis), they may last
for different periods of time (hours vs. years) and can occur in different habitats (e.g. dragonflies
- adults live in air while larvae are aquatic).
Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree of members of Kingdom Animalia
NOTE: Make sure that you fully understand EVERY term used to
characterize animals because these terms will appear again in the
upcoming labs.
3. 3
______________________________________________________________________________
Task 1: Understanding the hierarchical organization of animal complexity
The common descent of animals within Kingdom Animalia can be observed in the
organization of body plans and the fundamental building blocks that all animals share.
Unicellular protozoans, one of the simplest and most ancient groups, limit all their metabolic,
sensory, and reproductive functions to one cell. By varying the organization and specialization of
organelles within this cell, they are able to achieve all the same functions as more structurally
complex organisms.
Protozoans, which display cellular organization, are described as protoplasmic while
multicellular animals (e.g. sponges) characterized by the same cellular level of organization are
collectively referred to as parazoans. In this simplest level of the hierarchy, cells may be
functionally differentiated, i.e. certain sets of cells are devoted to perform a specialized role
within the body. Over time, cellular organization led to the evolution of a cell-tissue level of
organization, where groups of similar cells aggregated into layers (tissues) enabling them to
perform a common function(s). The nerve net in jellyfish (Fig. 14.7 in your dissection atlas) is a
good example of this level of organization.
Following in complexity is the tissue-organ level of organization, produced when
different types of tissues combine to form organs. In general, organs perform more specialized
functions than tissues and can be composed of different tissue types (e.g. the heart, which is
composed of cardiac muscle, epithelial, connective and nervous tissues). This level of
organization is observed exclusively in metazoans, most of which also exhibit an organ-system
level of organization, where multiple organs operate together, forming a system that has a
specific function (Fig. 3). In metazoans, there are eleven organ systems: skeletal, muscular,
integumentary, digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, nervous, endocrine, immune and
reproductive. We will examine some of these systems in greater depth during Labs 8-11.
Figure 3. Hierarchical organization
4. 4
The major patterns of organization of animal complexity are described below in Table 1.
As you examine the organisms today, note which level of organization is present in each. Make
sure to sketch the organisms listed for each level of organization, noting the phylum, genus and
species of each.
Table 1
Level of
organization
Protoplasmic Cellular Cell-tissue Tissue-organ Organ-
system
Description All functions
are confined
to a cell
Aggregation
of cells that
are
functionally
differentiated.
Cells are
aggregated into
patters/layers =
tissues.
Different tissues
are organized
into organs;
more
specialized than
tissues.
Organs work
together as a
system to
perform a
coordinated
function
Representative
group
Protista
**not a part
of Kingdom
Animalia.
We will
NOT examine
them today**
Parazoa Radiata Bilateria Bilateria
Example:
a. phylum
b. genus
c. common name
a. Porifera
b. Grantia
c. Sponges
a. Cnidaria
b. Metridium
c. Sea anemone
a. Platyhelminthes
b. Dugesia
c. Planarian
a. Chordata
b. Perca
c. Perch
Drawing of
whole organism
Questions:
1. Can you suggest why, during the evolution of separate animal lineages, there has been a
tendency for complexity to increase when body size increases?
5. 5
2. Sponges have folded walls. What advantage could this trait have for the sponge?
3. Could you think of other organisms or organ systems that also have similar folded
structures?
a. What advantages does folding provide for these organisms?
______________________________________________________________________________
Task 2: Differentiating between acoelomate and coelomate organisms
A major developmental event in bilaterally symmetrical organisms (see Task 3) was the
development of a fluid filled cavity (coelom) between the outer body wall and the gut (Fig. 14.46
in your dissection atlas). The coelom created a tube-within-tube arrangement allowing space for
visceral organs and an increase in overall body size (Why?). This structure also provides support
and aids in movement/burrowing in some animals. However, not all organisms are coelomates;
some lack a coelom altogether and are called acoelomate (a = without, see Fig. 14.22-14.24 in
your dissection atlas), while others are characterized by a pseudocoelom (pseudo = false, see
Fig. 14.36 and 14.37 in your dissection atlas). All three types of body cavities are illustrated
below in Figure 4.
Figure 4. Types of body cavities
6. 6
Examine the organisms listed in Table 2 and complete the missing sections.
Table 2
Sample Organism Acoelomate Pseudocoelomate Coelomate
Phylum Platyhelminthes Nematoda Annelida
Genus Dugesia Ascaris Lumbricus
Common name Flatworms, planaria Roundworms Segmented worms,
Earthworms
Drawing of
Cross section
(slide)
If specimens are
available, dissect
them
longitudinally.
Sketch your
observations in the
space provided.
Questions:
1. Looking at the three representative specimens, what is the main difference between
coelomate, pseudocoelomate and acoelomate organisms?
7. 7
2. How are the organs and tissues organized differently in coelomates and acoelomates?
______________________________________________________________________________
Task 3: Body plans and symmetry
While the diversity of animal forms is great, the basic body plans can be categorized by
the presence and type of body symmetry (Fig. 5). Symmetry refers to the correspondence in size
and shape between opposite sides of an organism’s body. Sponges, which lack body symmetry,
are considered asymmetrical whereas animals whose bodies are arranged around a central axis
and can be divided by more than two planes along the longitudinal axis exhibit radial symmetry.
This primitive type of symmetry evolved amongst members of phylum Cnidaria (sea anemones,
box jellies, jellyfish and hydra, see Fig 14.7 and 14.16 in your dissection atlas) and Ctenophora
(comb jellies, see Fig. 14.21 in your dissecting atlas). The bodies of the more evolutionarily
advanced bilaterians, in contrast, can be divided into right and left halves along a sagittal plane.
Make sure you understand the basic differences between the three types of symmetry.
Figure 5. Types of symmetry
Compare and contrast the different types of symmetry by examining the animals listed for each
type in Table 3. Answer the questions that follow.
8. 8
Table 3
Symmetry type Description Example Phyla/Species
Spherical This symmetry is found in
protozoa. Any plane passing through
the center divides the body into
equivalent/mirrored halves. Best suited
for floating and rolling.
Radiolaria (amoeboid protozoa)
WE WILL NOT EXAMINE THIS
TYPE OF SYMMETRY IN THIS
LAB
Asymmetrical Sponge
Radial Sea anemone
Bilateral Perch
Questions:
1. In what kind of environment would each type of body symmetry would be most efficient?
9. 9
2. What is the advantage of having bilateral symmetry? Can any particular task be achieved
more efficiently?
a. Why would this type of symmetry lead to cephalization?
3. Out of all the organisms you examined, is there a particular pattern between the
organisms that have bilateral symmetry? Radial symmetry? Make sure to consider
morphology.
______________________________________________________________________________
Task 4: Developmental patterns in bilateral animals: Protostomes vs. Deuterostomes
Bilateral animals follow two major patterns of embryonic development. Based on these
patterns, they are classified as either deuterostomes or protostomes. In deuterostomes, the
blastopore (first embryonic opening) becomes the anus, while in protostomes the blastopore
becomes the mouth. Also, cleavage, the initial process of cell division after a zygote is formed,
differs in the two lineages; in protostomes, cleavage is spiral while in deuterostomes, it is radial
(Fig 6).
The separation of the metazoans (multicellular animals) into two separate lineages,
suggests an evolutionary divergence of the bilateral body plan. This suggests that deuterostomes
and protostomes are separate, monophyletic lineages (See Fig 2).
10. 10
Figure 6. Comparison of protostomes and deuterostomes
Examine the animals noted under the “Example species” row in Table 4. Answer the questions
that follow.
PROTOSTOMES
Spiral
Mouth
Mouth
Anus
Coelom
Mesoderm
GutDeterminate
DEUTEROSTOMES
Radial
Anus
Gut
Mesoderm Mouth
AnusCoelom
11. 11
Table 4
Protostomes Deuterostomes
Cleavage type Spiral Radial
Blastopore
becomes
Mouth Anus
Representative
Phyla
Platyhelminthes, Arthropoda,
Annelida, Mollusca, Nematoda, and
smaller phyla
Chordata, Echinodermata, and
smaller phyla
Example species Nematoda - Ascaris Sea star – Asterias
Drawing
______________________________________________________________________________
Task 5: Describing positions in bilaterally symmetrical animals
For a large portion of this course you will be examining bilaterally symmetrical animals
from various phyla. To be able to locate and refer to specific regions of animal bodies, we will
use terminology listed in Table 5.
Table 5
Term Meaning
dorsal toward the upper surface (back)
ventral toward the lower surface (belly)
anterior; cranial toward the head
posterior; caudal toward the tail
medial toward the midline of the body
proximal toward the end of the appendage nearest the body
lateral toward the side; away from the midline of the body
distal toward the end of the appendage farthest away from the body
frontal plane divides the body into dorsal and ventral halves
transverse plane divides the body into anterior and posterior halves
sagittal plane divides the body into left and right halves
12. 12
Figure 7. Planes of sections in a crayfish
In addition to the terms listed in Table 5, different terminology is used to describe
radially symmetrical vs. bilaterally symmetrical animals. These terms are listed in Table 6.
Table 6
As a group, practice using these directional terms to refer to a particular part/portion of
the body. Make sure to use available specimens to practice and to include both radially and
bilaterally symmetrical animals during this exercise.
______________________________________________________________________________
Radial Bilateral
Direction Synonyms Direction Synonyms
oral apical anterior rostral, cranial,
cephalic
aboral basal posterior caudal
peripheral — dorsal —
peripheral — ventral —
peripheral — left (lateral) sinister
peripheral — right (lateral) dexter
medial medial
proximal proximal
distal distal
sagittal
plane
frontal
plane
transverse
plane
13. 13
Task 6: Body axes charades – Run by your TA
To practice using the correct terminology when referring to different locations on the
body, you will play a game of charades. Your TA will divide the whole class into two groups,
each of which will be given a list of organs/body parts. Each group’s list will be different
therefore make sure that you do not to share your list with members from the other group.
Your group will choose a student from another group to describe one of the words on
your list to his/her group. The student will have 2 minutes to describe the word, using only the
words from the bilateral body axes (see Tables 5 and 6). Note that you cannot use words that
describe the function of the organ/body part. For example, if the organ to be described is the
heart, you are not allowed to say that it pumps blood. Instead, you can say that it is posterior to
the head and is anterior to the belly button. If his/her group can guess the right answer, then that
team gets a point but if they don’t guess correctly, then your team gets the point. Make sure to
alternate the order of the teams guessing.
______________________________________________________________________________
LOOK AHEAD:
Before coming to lab next week, make sure to read the Development task sheet.