This document discusses food chains, food webs, and ecological pyramids. It defines a food chain as the transfer of energy from producers to consumers through a series of organisms. There are three types of food chains: grazing, parasitic, and detritus. Food chains interconnect to form food webs within an ecosystem. Ecological pyramids graphically represent trophic levels and can show the number, biomass, or energy at each level, with producers generally having the highest values that decrease at higher consumer levels.

2. FOOD CHAIN,
FOOD WEB
&
ECOLOGICAL
PYRAMID

3. What is food chain ?
In ecosystem
trasfer of energy in
the form of food form
producers throught a
series of organisms is
known as
food chain.

4. Types of food chain
Three types of food chain
1.Grazing food chain
This food chin is begin from green plants and the
primary consumer is herbivore end in organism.
Ex : Grass=>grasshopper=>bieds=>falcon

6. 2.Parasitic Food Chain
 The parasitic food chain begins with a green
plant which may support a large number of
herbivores.
 These herbivorous animals support a large number
of hyperparasites.

7. 3.Detritus Food Chain
 This type of food chain starts from dead organic
matter of decaying animals and plants bodies to
the micro-organisms and then to detritus feeding
organism and to other predators.
 This food chain goes from microorganism to
producer.

8. DFC
Detritus:Dead Organic Matter
Decomposers
Dry
fallen
leaves
Dead
animals
Simple inorganic
matter
soil
Fungi,
bactria

9. What is food web ?
Food chains in natural conditions never operate as
isolated sequences, but in an ecosystem the various
food chains are interconnted with each other forming
some sort of interlocking pattern called food
chain.
Food web are very
Imporant in maintaing
the stability of an
ecosystem.

10. Ecological pyraminds
Few steps of tropic level can be expressed in a
diagramatic way is known as Ecological
Pyramids.
 Ecological pyramid is the
grapic reprentation .

11. Types of ecological pyramind
Three types of ecological pyramind:
1.Pyramind of Number
It is only depends on the number.
It shows the number of indivisual organism at each tropic level.
Pyramind of number in grassland and pond ecosystem is
upright.
In grassland and pond ecosystem producer are in large number it
decrease at successive level from producer to tertiairy
consumer.
In forest ecosystem is inverted.Because the primary consumer
is more than producer,and there are gradually decreses in the
number of successive carnivores.

13. 2. Pyramind of bio-mass
Total weight of living matter per unit area is known
as Bio-mass
 In Grassland and Forest ecosystem there is gradual
decrease in Bio-mass of organism at successive
level from producer to carnivores.
 Poducer bio-mass is more than primary and
scendary consumers.
Pond ecosystem is inverted because the producer
are small oeganismand their Bio-mass is least and
increases toward the apex of pyramind.

15. 3.Pyramind of Energy
 Pyramind of energy is always upright.
 Each and every tropic level 80 to 90% energy is lost.
 The amount of energy decreses from the producer
level ti the consumer level.This can be reprented by
pyramind of energy.
 Only 10% energy are transfer to next level.

17. Thank you