# Introduction #concept of community # types of community #The characteristics of a communities# Elements of communities # Community Roles - Ecological Habitats & Niches,food chains & food webs,Trophic Pattern. # Conclusion # Reference.
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Ecosystem and Stability - Population Dynamics, Population density, Spatial Distribution patter, Population range, reproduction pattern,
Limiting population Growth - Dependent and independent Factor
Population Growth Rate
Ecosystem Stability - Resistance and Resilliance
Reference : Exploring Life Through Science 10
Community ecology, study of the organization and functioning of communities, which are assemblages of interacting populations of the species living within a particular area or habitat.
Ecosystem and Stability - Population Dynamics, Population density, Spatial Distribution patter, Population range, reproduction pattern,
Limiting population Growth - Dependent and independent Factor
Population Growth Rate
Ecosystem Stability - Resistance and Resilliance
Reference : Exploring Life Through Science 10
Ecades and ecotype - Ecades •introduction •Definition •Explanation •types of ecades , Ecotype, • introduction, •Definition ,•Ecotype VS. species ,•How did ecotype appear ,•From ecotype to species, •Example
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
Ecades and ecotype - Ecades •introduction •Definition •Explanation •types of ecades , Ecotype, • introduction, •Definition ,•Ecotype VS. species ,•How did ecotype appear ,•From ecotype to species, •Example
Ecological Succession is the process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over a period of time.
But, over a long period of time, the climate conditions of an ecosystem is bound to change.
No ecosystem has existed or will remain unchanged over a Geological Time Scale.
Ecology is the study of organisms and how they interact with the environment around them. An ecologist studies the relationship between living things and their habitats.
It encourages young minds to take responsibility for protecting the natural environment
protection through information and knowledge and to develop environmental awareness.
In this episode, we are going to learn the following aspects:
1. Definition of an Ecosystem
2. Biotic Components
3. Abiotic Components
4. Functions of an ecosystem
5. Processes of ecosystems.
▸ Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and contrrajkrpurbey
▸ Environmental pollution: types, causes, effects and controls; Air, wat soil and noise pollution
▸ Solid waste management: Control measures of urban and industrial waste ▸ Environment Laws: Environment Protection Act, Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act; Water (Prevention and control of pollution) Act, Wildlife Protection Act; Forest Conservation Act. International agreements, policies and treaties
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
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Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
1. SANT GAHIRA GURU VISHWAVIDYALAYA
SARGUJAAMBIKAPUR C. G.
UNIVERSITY TEACHING DEPARTMENT
DEPARTMENT OF FARM FORESTRY
COURSE TITLE – PLANT TAXONOMY & FOREST ECOLOGY
COURSE TYPE – CCC
PRESENTATION ON – Ecology of Community
PRESENTED BY
Ganesh Kumar Bhagat
M. Sc.-1st SEM.
ENROLLMENT NO. – SGG20029815
DEPARTMENT OF FARM FORESTRY
2. Introduction
Concept of Community
Types of Communities
The characteristics of a communities
Elements Of Communities
Community Roles
Ecological Habitats & Niches
Trophic Pattern
Food Chains & Food Webs
Conclusion
Reference
3.
4. COMMUNITY :-It is the place where populations interact.
Can considered from two viewpoints
Autecology
• each organism is a member of a
community
Synecology
• group of organisms in a particular
area
5. Kendeigh (1974) divided the biotic community into two
types
Major communities
Minor communities
6. It is a large, self-sustaining and independent unit
Eg:- coral reefs, rocky community, mangroves etc.
Minor community
It is smaller, not self-sustaining and dependent on other
communities for growth and survival but it is found in major
community
Example - Barnacles, Oysters, Algae, Polychaetes present
rocky shores.
7. Each biotic community exhibits a number of
characteristics,such as diversity, density,
dominance composition and stratification.
1)Species Diversity
2)Growth & Structure
3) Dominance
4) Successions
5) Trophic levels
8. A biotic community has producer,consumer
& decomposer. Within these species
diversities,some populations influenced
more than others in the community because
the share a higher % of energy flow.
9.
10. Community is usually described in term of
growth forms.
Structure , depending on the amount
of water availability, plant communities
may be hydrophytic (aquatic habitats),
mesophytic (moderately moist soil
habitat) and xerophytic (dry or arid
habitat).
11. In each community, one or a few species
dominate either in numbers or in physical
characteristics or both over the other
species. The dominant species are called
'Ecological dominants .
12. Succession is very important in
development of community.
Community develops as a result of
directional change in it with time.
13.
14. There are 3 broad trophic levels in a community which are
Producers, Consumers & Decomposers. The food produced by
the green plants is consumed directly or indirectly by all kinds of
animals. So these are known as Consumers.
The dead bodies & excreta of both producers & consumers are
decomposed by microbes into simple substances, these are called
the Decomposers of the community.
15. The pyramid structure of communities
https://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-an-energy-pyramid-definition-
examples.html
16. Primary Producers – Plants & algae that make
food through photo synthesis.
Herbivores – Feed on primary producers
Carnivores (predators) – Feed on herbivores.
Omnivores – Feed on plants & animals
17. Trophic pyramids and the flow of energy
Autotrophs and heterotrophs
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=eco+piramid+tropic+level&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiF3-6v9IzwAhXIHnIKHTuMC-gQ2-
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18. Producers
• Organisms that make their own energy (food).
• a:- Use the process of photosynthesis.
• b :- Oxygen is a by-product (waste material).
Consumers
• Organisms that can’t make their own food.
• Must eat producers or other consumers for energy.
Decomposers
• Organisms that feed on dead plants and animals.
19. Habitat
• The place where an organism lives and that provides food, shelter,
moisture, and temperature needed for survival.
• Examples: a. Swamp b. Field c. Lake d. Tree Where an organism lives.
Niche
• Role of an organism in the ecosystem, including unique ways an organism
survives, such as: how it interacts with other organisms, how it obtains food
and shelter, and avoids danger.
• Examples: a. Anteaters keep the ant population.
• b. Bacteria eats dead animals assisting in decomposition. And keeping
them from piling up, while adding nitrogen to the soil Role an organism
plays
21. Three Classifications of Consumers
Herbivores
• plant-eaters
Carnivores
• animal-eaters
Omnivores
• plant and animal eaters
22. • Food Chains are basic
representation of energy
transfer from producers to
consumers.
Food
Chains
• Food Webs demonstrate
how the organisms are
interconnected in a more
complex, realistic way.
Food
Webs
24. Community ecology or synecology is the study of the
interactions between species in communities on
many spatial and temporal scales, including the
distribution, structure, abundance, demography, and
interactions between coexisting populations.
