ppt regarding aerodynamics i think its useful for mechanical students
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Unit 1 Basic Aerodynamics (part II)
Forces in Turns: When an aircraft banks in a turn, lift acts both inward toward the center of the turn and upward. For constant altitude turns, the vertical component of lift must equal weight.
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Unit 1 Basic Aerodynamics (part II)
Forces in Turns: When an aircraft banks in a turn, lift acts both inward toward the center of the turn and upward. For constant altitude turns, the vertical component of lift must equal weight.
Forces in Climbs: Raising the aircraft's nose increases its angle of attack and temporarily increases lift above weight. Thrust must exceed drag to maintain airspeed during climbs. More power is required at steeper climb angles.
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The document discusses the four forces of flight - lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It explains that lift is produced by the interaction of air moving over an airfoil shape according to Bernoulli's principle. The angle of attack and airspeed determine the amount of lift generated. For steady level flight, the opposing forces of lift and weight and of thrust and drag must balance. Induced drag is caused by lift and increases with higher angles of attack needed for slower flight. Exceeding the critical angle of attack causes a stall from airflow separation over the wing.
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This document defines key terms related to engineering systems, including terms about forces, loads, energy, fluids, and thermodynamics. It discusses concepts like force, momentum, stress, strain, pressure, heat, temperature, phase changes, and types of energy. Examples of defined terms include resultant, moment, modulus of elasticity, displacement, acceleration, kinetic energy, density, heat, latent heat, thermal efficiency, and potential energy. The document is organized into sections covering static loading, dynamics, fluids, and thermodynamics.
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This document discusses the basics of aerodynamics and the forces acting on aircraft in flight. It covers key concepts like:
1. Aerodynamic forces like lift, weight, thrust and drag that act on aircraft in motion through the air based on Newton's Laws of motion.
2. How the shape of airfoils and wings generate lift using Bernoulli's principle and how control surfaces like ailerons, elevators and rudders allow for rolling, pitching and yawing.
3. The different types of drag forces - induced, parasite and wave drag - and how configuration changes and altitude affect aircraft performance.
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Lift is an aerodynamic force produced by the motion of an airplane's wing through the air. According to Bernoulli's principle, lift is generated because the airflow is faster and the pressure is lower over the curved top surface of the wing compared to the bottom. However, this explanation is flawed because a wing would still produce lift even if upside down. The correct explanation is that the wing exerts a downward force on the air and the air exerts an equal and opposite upward force on the wing according to Newton's Third Law of Motion.
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The document provides information about aerodynamics and the four main forces that act on airplanes - lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It explains how the shape of an airfoil generates lift using both Bernoulli's principle of fluid dynamics and Newton's third law of equal and opposite reactions. However, it notes that neither theory fully explains lift and some aspects of each theory have flaws. It also discusses other factors that influence lift such as angle of attack.
Aerodynamic theories
This document discusses various aerodynamic theories and concepts including definitions of force and aerodynamic force. It describes fundamental sources of aerodynamic force such as pressure distribution and shear stress. It also covers types of flows, Bernoulli's theorem, flat plate effect, and steady, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional flows. The document examines different types of forces including contact, frictional, tensional, gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces. It discusses balanced and unbalanced forces as well as vector representation of forces.
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This document discusses key concepts in dynamics including:
1) Dynamics is the branch of mechanics concerned with the effects of forces on motion, especially external forces.
2) A projectile is an object only affected by gravity, with its vertical motion caused by gravity and horizontal motion remaining constant.
3) Collision refers to instances where particles interact through forces, with some collisions nearly perfectly conserving kinetic energy.
4) Simple harmonic motion describes the motion of a particle where its acceleration is directed towards a fixed point and is proportional to its distance from that point, such as a pendulum or plucked string.
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The document presents information on the aerodynamics of airplanes. It discusses the four main forces of flight - weight, lift, thrust, and drag. It explains that the motion of the airplane depends on the balance of these forces. It also provides details on how lift is generated, discussing Newton's laws of motion, Bernoulli's principle, air velocity and pressure differences, and how the wing shape contributes to creating lift. The document uses diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
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An 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of southern Sumatra on September 12, 2007, followed by a 7.9 magnitude aftershock. This caused 25 deaths and 161 injuries. Seismograph recordings from stations in Washington state, like the one near the LIGO detector, detected P and S waves from the earthquakes around 21 minutes after the initial quake, matching the expected travel times. This provides evidence that the gravitational waves detected by LIGO at this time were caused by this Sumatra earthquake event.
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Uniform circular motion requires an acceleration directed towards the center of the circle due to the changing direction of velocity as an object moves at a constant speed in a circle. This centripetal acceleration can be calculated using the object's velocity and the radius of the circle. A centripetal force is also required to provide the necessary centripetal acceleration, and this force can be calculated using the object's mass, velocity, and the radius. Examples of centripetal force include gravity on the moon, friction on car tires, and tension in a swung rope.
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This document discusses uniform circular motion and centripetal force. It defines centripetal acceleration as the acceleration directed toward the center of a circle that an object in circular motion experiences due to its change in direction. The document provides equations for centripetal acceleration and centripetal force and lists examples including the gravitational force keeping the moon in orbit and the friction on car tires turning a corner.
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This document discusses the basics of aerodynamics and the forces acting on aircraft in flight. It covers key concepts like:
1. Aerodynamic forces like lift, weight, thrust and drag that act on aircraft in motion through the air based on Newton's Laws of motion.
2. How the shape of airfoils and wings generate lift using Bernoulli's principle and how control surfaces like ailerons, elevators and rudders allow for rolling, pitching and yawing.
3. The different types of drag forces - induced, parasite and wave drag - and how configuration changes and altitude affect aircraft performance.
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Lift is generated when air flows over an airfoil such as a wing. The air traveling over the top of the wing must move faster than the air on the bottom, lowering the air pressure above and raising it below, which creates an upward force called lift. Several factors affect the amount of lift generated, including airspeed, angle of attack, air density, and wing shape and area. For an aircraft to fly, the lift must equal or exceed the aircraft's weight to allow it to climb, remain level, or descend depending on the balance between lift and weight.
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How does flight fly
This document provides a summary of the key forces acting on airplanes and how lift is generated. It discusses the four forces of weight, drag, thrust, and lift. It then explains how lift is created through two perspectives: Bernoulli's principle which involves pressure differences over the wing, and Newtonian mechanics which involves the downward deflection of air flowing over the wing. Finally, it outlines several factors that can affect the magnitude of lift such as airspeed, air density, wing shape, and angle of attack.
Lift of a wing
Lift is an aerodynamic force produced by the motion of an airplane's wing through the air. According to Bernoulli's principle, lift is generated because the airflow is faster and the pressure is lower over the curved top surface of the wing compared to the bottom. However, this explanation is flawed because a wing would still produce lift even if upside down. The correct explanation is that the wing exerts a downward force on the air and the air exerts an equal and opposite upward force on the wing according to Newton's Third Law of Motion.
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The presentation discusses the four main flight forces - lift, drag, weight, and thrust - and their origins. Lift is caused by air movement and pressure and allows the plane to rise. Drag is the air resistance opposing the plane's motion. Weight is the force pulling the plane downward and thrust provides the forward force to overcome drag. Each force acts through specific points on the plane like the center of pressure or center of gravity, and the interaction of these forces and points is important for stable flight.
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This document is an introduction to the first part of a course on the forces of flight. It discusses lift, which is the force that counters an airplane's weight and allows it to fly. Lift is generated by the motion of air passing over and under the wings. The document provides examples of how wing shape and airspeed can affect lift and explains that increasing lift also increases drag. It lists objectives for students to understand lift and related forces through paper airplane models and diagrams.
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The document discusses speed, velocity, acceleration, friction, and types of circular motion. It provides land speed records from 1997 to 1965 and ways of measuring speed such as speedometers and stopwatches. It defines velocity as speed and direction of movement and acceleration as the change in velocity over time. Friction is described as the contact force that opposes the movement of objects over surfaces. There are four types of circular motions listed as spinning objects, the moving Earth, the Moon, and Jupiter's gravity.
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The document provides information about aerodynamics and the four main forces that act on airplanes - lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It explains how the shape of an airfoil generates lift using both Bernoulli's principle of fluid dynamics and Newton's third law of equal and opposite reactions. However, it notes that neither theory fully explains lift and some aspects of each theory have flaws. It also discusses other factors that influence lift such as angle of attack.
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This document discusses various aerodynamic theories and concepts including definitions of force and aerodynamic force. It describes fundamental sources of aerodynamic force such as pressure distribution and shear stress. It also covers types of flows, Bernoulli's theorem, flat plate effect, and steady, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional flows. The document examines different types of forces including contact, frictional, tensional, gravitational, electrical, and magnetic forces. It discusses balanced and unbalanced forces as well as vector representation of forces.
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This document discusses key concepts in dynamics including:
1) Dynamics is the branch of mechanics concerned with the effects of forces on motion, especially external forces.
2) A projectile is an object only affected by gravity, with its vertical motion caused by gravity and horizontal motion remaining constant.
3) Collision refers to instances where particles interact through forces, with some collisions nearly perfectly conserving kinetic energy.
4) Simple harmonic motion describes the motion of a particle where its acceleration is directed towards a fixed point and is proportional to its distance from that point, such as a pendulum or plucked string.
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This document provides an overview of basic aerodynamics and flight controls. It explains the four main forces that act on aircraft - lift, gravity/weight, thrust, and drag. It describes how control surfaces like the ailerons, elevators, and rudder are used to control the aircraft's roll, pitch, and yaw. Finally, it gives a brief tour of common flight instruments that provide information to pilots like airspeed, altitude, heading, and vertical speed. The goal is to help readers understand how aircraft fly and how pilots control and navigate them.
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The document presents information on the aerodynamics of airplanes. It discusses the four main forces of flight - weight, lift, thrust, and drag. It explains that the motion of the airplane depends on the balance of these forces. It also provides details on how lift is generated, discussing Newton's laws of motion, Bernoulli's principle, air velocity and pressure differences, and how the wing shape contributes to creating lift. The document uses diagrams to illustrate these concepts.
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An 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of southern Sumatra on September 12, 2007, followed by a 7.9 magnitude aftershock. This caused 25 deaths and 161 injuries. Seismograph recordings from stations in Washington state, like the one near the LIGO detector, showed arrivals of seismic P and S waves around 21 minutes after the earthquake began. This provides evidence that the gravitational waves detected by LIGO at this time were caused by this Sumatra earthquake.
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An 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred off the coast of southern Sumatra on September 12, 2007, followed by a 7.9 magnitude aftershock. This caused 25 deaths and 161 injuries. Seismograph recordings from stations in Washington state, like the one near the LIGO detector, detected P and S waves from the earthquakes around 21 minutes after the initial quake, matching the expected travel times. This provides evidence that the gravitational waves detected by LIGO at this time were caused by this Sumatra earthquake event.
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This document discusses the basics of aerodynamics and the four main forces of flight - lift, weight, thrust, and drag. It explains how lift is generated by the airflow around an airfoil based on Bernoulli's principle. It also discusses factors like angle of attack, stalls, and the primary flight controls of ailerons, elevators, and rudder that allow pilots to maneuver aircraft by changing lift. Additionally, it covers the different types of drag forces and wake turbulence created by wingtip vortices. Secondary flight controls like flaps and trim are also summarized.
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1. Aristotle famously represented a force as anything that causes an object to undergo “unnatural motion”. Sir Isaac Newton was one of the first scientists to study gravity and force. Any kind of force is just a push or a pull. It can be described as a push or pull on an object.
2.A force (F) can be thought of as a push or a pull acting on a body.
A force can be considered as the pushing or pulling action that one object exerts on another.
Forces are vectors, its characterized by its Magnitude, direction, and point of application to a given body.
Body weight, friction, and air or water resistance are all forces that commonly act on the human body.
3.Internal force:
Internal forces are forces that act within the object or system whose motion in being investigated. Remember forces come in pairs- action and reaction. Each of these forces may affect the part of the body it acts on, but the two forces do not affect the motion of the whole body because the forces act in opposition.
Note: Pulling forces are referred as Tensile forces.
Pushing forces are referred as Compressive forces
4. External for are those forces that act on an object as a result of its interaction with the environment surrounding it.
Gravitational force
Action and Reaction force
Friction force
Buoyant force
Fluid dynamic force
Drag force
Lift force
Impact force
5.The force of attraction between any two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
6.In Newton's laws of motion: Newton's third law: the law of action and reaction. Newton's third law states that when two bodies interact, they apply forces to one another that are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The third law is also known as the law of action and reaction.
7.Friction force that resists the sliding or rolling of one solid object over another. Frictional forces, such as the traction needed to walk without slipping, may be beneficial, but they also present a great measure of opposition to motion.
8.The buoyant force is the upward force exerted on an object wholly or partly immersed in a fluid. This upward force is also called Upthrust. Due to the buoyant force, a body submerged partially or fully in a fluid appears to lose its weight, i.e. appears to be lighter.
9.Fluid dynamics is “the branch of applied science that is concerned with the movement of liquids and gases,” according to the American Heritage Dictionary. It involves a wide range of applications such as calculating force & moments, determining the mass flow rate of petroleum through pipelines, predicting weather patterns, understanding nebulae in interstellar space, and modelling fission weapon detonation.
10. Lift is a mechanical aerodynamic force produced by the motion of the airplane through the air. Because lift is a force, it is a vector quantity, having both a magnitude and a direction associated with it.
Lecture 5.pdf
This document discusses key terminology and concepts related to aircraft and airport planning and design. It describes the four main forces acting on an aircraft - weight, lift, drag, and thrust. Weight is the force of gravity, lift opposes weight, drag opposes motion, and thrust overcomes drag. The document also discusses the principal axes and motions of aircraft, including pitch, roll, and yaw, and how control surfaces like elevators, ailerons, and rudders control these motions. It provides information on other surfaces like flaps, slats, and spoilers and how they affect lift and drag.
Aerodynamic principle in wind turbine
The document discusses aerodynamic principles in wind turbines. It explains that a fluid flowing around an object exerts forces, including lift perpendicular to the flow and drag parallel to it. Lift can act in any direction at right angles to flow. Aerodynamic forces occur with air, while hydrodynamic forces occur with water. Dynamic lift differs from static lift like buoyancy, which does not require movement. The document then lists key terms related to aerodynamic forces on airfoils like lift, drag, angle of attack, and symmetrical vs. unsymmetrical airfoil design.
Advantge of Fluid Mechanics in airospace
1) Fluid mechanics is the study of fluids like liquids and gases, both at rest and in motion. It has importance in science and applications like aerospace engineering.
2) Aerospace engineering deals with the motion of gases like air and the forces on objects passing through gases. It is a subfield of fluid dynamics and gas dynamics.
3) Fluid dynamics describes the flow of fluids and offers tools to calculate properties like velocity, pressure, and temperature as functions of space and time, which are used to solve practical problems in aerospace and other disciplines.
( Lesson 2) forces of flight
The document discusses the four main forces that affect aircraft in flight: lift, which acts upward; drag, which acts backward; weight, which acts downward; and thrust, which acts forward. It provides definitions and examples of each force, explaining that for an aircraft to take off and stay aloft, lift must be greater than weight and thrust must be greater than drag, while the opposite is true for landing.
Basics Of engineering
The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
Basics Of Engineering
The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
Basic aerodynamics
This document provides an overview of basic aerodynamic principles and aircraft flight theory. It covers key topics such as the atmosphere, Newton's laws of motion, Bernoulli's principle, airfoils, the four forces of flight, stability and control surfaces. The presentation introduces fundamental concepts including pressure, density, humidity, inertia, lift, drag, thrust, weight, angles of attack and incidence, and the three axes of movement. It also explains how stability is achieved through aircraft design elements like dihedral wings, sweepback, and keel effect.
Aerodynamics Chapter 4
This document discusses the four main aerodynamic forces that act on aircraft in flight: thrust, drag, lift, and weight. It describes each force and how they are balanced to achieve steady level flight or other maneuvers like climbs or glides. It also discusses the aerodynamic concepts of angle of attack, parasite drag, induced drag, and how aircraft designers aim to reduce different types of drag.
Force and Motion
1) Sir Isaac Newton studied motion and is best known for his laws of motion and universal law of gravitation.
2) Forces can cause objects to start or stop moving, change direction, or maintain constant motion depending on whether the net force is balanced or unbalanced.
3) Friction opposes the motion of objects in contact and depends on factors like the nature of the surfaces and the pressing force between them. It exists as both static and kinetic forms.
Forces Basics
The document discusses forces, providing examples of different types of forces including:
- Thrust which causes an object to start moving
- Air resistance which decreases the speed of a parachute opening
- Lift which causes an airplane to change direction during take-off
- Reaction force which causes an F1 car to change shape
It also defines common forces like friction, tension, upthrust, thrust, air resistance, and reaction force, and discusses using force diagrams and a Newton balance to measure forces.
Forces acting in an airplane edwin pitty s.
The four main forces acting on an airplane in flight are thrust, drag, lift, and weight. Thrust is produced by the engine and propeller and opposes drag. Drag is a retarding force caused by air flowing around the airplane. Weight pulls the airplane downward due to gravity, and lift opposes weight and is produced by air flowing over the wings. Understanding and controlling these four forces through power and flight controls is essential to flight.
Basic Principles of Flight.pptx
The document discusses the basic principles of flight, including the four main forces acting on an airplane (lift, weight, thrust, drag), how flight controls like the elevator, ailerons, and rudder work to control the aircraft, aerodynamic concepts like Bernoulli's principle and how wings and propellers generate lift and thrust, the basics of take-off, flight, and landing, and maneuvers, turns and circuit patterns. It provides explanations of these fundamental aspects of flight to build knowledge for pilots.
Dynamics ppt
This document discusses several topics in mechanics including dynamics, projectiles, collisions, trajectories, and simple harmonic motion. Dynamics is defined as the branch of mechanics concerned with the effects of forces on motion, especially external forces. A projectile only experiences the force of gravity, causing vertical acceleration, while horizontal motion remains at constant velocity. The angle and velocity of projection determine a projectile's path. Collisions represent interactions between particles via forces, with kinetic energy conserved in elastic collisions. Trajectories describe the path a particle takes. Simple harmonic motion involves oscillations where acceleration is directed towards a fixed point and is proportional to distance from that point, like a pendulum or plucked string.
Motion
This document defines and explains key concepts related to motion, including:
1) Kinematics describes motion without considering causes. Motion is a change in position over time. Rectilinear motion describes straight-line movement.
2) There are two types of motion - natural motion where an object moves to its natural place, and violent motion caused by forces.
3) Distance is length travelled, while displacement is the shortest distance between positions. Speed is distance over time. Velocity includes direction. Forces can change motion by pushing or pulling.
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ppt regarding aerodynamics i think its useful for mechanical students
- 1. RAFFLES UNIVERSITY NEEMRANA SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY
- 2. AERODYNAMICS Presented to : Kavi Grover Presented by :Anil Kumar Yadav RollNo.11ME002
- 3. Definition • Aerodynamics is the study of the motion of air, particularly when it interacts with a moving object. • In physics the term dynamics customarily refers to the time evolution of physical processes.
- 4. Factors that Affect Aerodynamics The Object: Shape & Size The Motion: Velocity & Inclination to Flow The Air: Mass, Viscosity, Compressibility
- 5. Four Forces of Flight • Lift is a force used to stabilize and control the direction of flight. • Drag is the aerodynamic force parallel to the relative wind. • Weight is the force generated by gravity on the rocket. • Thrust is the force which moves the rocket forward.
- 6. Weight • Weight is the force generated by the gravitational attraction on the rocket. • The gravitational force is a field force; the source of the force does not have to be in physical contact with the object. • Gravity affects the rocket whether it is stationary or moving (up or down).
- 7. Thrust Thrust is the force applied to the rocket to move it through the air, and through space. Thrust is generated by the propulsion system of the rocket through the application of Newton's Third Law of Motion. The direction of the thrust is normally along the longitudinal axis of the rocket through the rocket’s center of gravity.