The document provides an overview of various topics in mechanical engineering presented by K. Prudhvi Rahul. It begins with listing the topics to be covered, including basics of ME, units and measurements, measuring instruments, mechanical equipment, manufacturing processes, codes and standards, measurement techniques, HVAC systems, heat transfer, material handling, material properties, IC engines, hydraulic machines, and strength of materials. It then defines mechanical engineering and the role of mechanical engineers. Key concepts discussed include forces, types of forces, friction, energy, motion, measurements and units. Various measuring instruments are also introduced such as rulers, calipers, micrometers, dial indicators, feeler gauges, and pressure gauges.
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Bending Stresses are important in the design of beams from strength point of view. The present source gives an idea on theory and problems in bending stresses.
If two or more than two forces are acting on a single point then the forces are known as system of concurrent forces and if they are acting on a single plane then the forces are called as coplanar forces. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Lami's Theorem:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/lamis-theorem-solved-examples.aspx
In this guide we give an introduction to load cells, different types of load cells, load cell structure, operation of commercial load cells and a lot more.
These slides describes the deifintion of measurement, Classification of instruments and methods of measurement.
Read the full blog post here: https://bit.ly/32prjeT
This presentation gives the information about Screw thread measurements and Gear measurement of the subject: Mechanical measurement and Metrology (10ME32/42) of VTU Syllabus covering unit-4.
Bending Stresses are important in the design of beams from strength point of view. The present source gives an idea on theory and problems in bending stresses.
If two or more than two forces are acting on a single point then the forces are known as system of concurrent forces and if they are acting on a single plane then the forces are called as coplanar forces. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on Lami's Theorem:- http://www.transtutors.com/homework-help/mechanical-engineering/force-systems-and-analysis/lamis-theorem-solved-examples.aspx
In this guide we give an introduction to load cells, different types of load cells, load cell structure, operation of commercial load cells and a lot more.
These slides describes the deifintion of measurement, Classification of instruments and methods of measurement.
Read the full blog post here: https://bit.ly/32prjeT
Mechanical Engineering : Engineering mechanics, THE GATE ACADEMYklirantga
THE GATE ACADEMY's GATE Correspondence Materials consist of complete GATE syllabus in the form of booklets with theory, solved examples, model tests, formulae and questions in various levels of difficulty in all the topics of the syllabus. The material is designed in such a way that it has proven to be an ideal material in-terms of an accurate and efficient preparation for GATE.
Quick Refresher Guide : is especially developed for the students, for their quick revision of concepts preparing for GATE examination. Also get 1 All India Mock Tests with results including Rank,Percentile,detailed performance analysis and with video solutions
GATE QUESTION BANK : is a topic-wise and subject wise collection of previous year GATE questions ( 2001 – 2013). Also get 1 All India Mock Tests with results including Rank,Percentile,detailed performance analysis and with video solutions
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Mechanical Design Concepts for Non-mechanical EngineersLiving Online
Mechanical engineering in simple terms deals with any equipment that moves; this is what makes it perhaps the most broad and diverse of engineering disciplines. The mechanical discipline essentially derives its breadth from the need to design and manufacture everything from small, even nano, individual devices, such as measuring instruments, to large systems such as machine tools and power plants. Easy installation and serviceability are critical to the success of a mechanical system as is operational and design flexibility.
Understanding parameters governing the selection and design of mechanical systems is essential for identifying suitable systems for a particular application. In order to place all these issues in context, a good working knowledge of mechanical principles combined with a solid understanding of key concepts such as force, energy and heat is important.
Mechanical power transmission is discussed from the point of view of gears, couplings and bearings. Proper selection and sizing of these critical mechanical components is vital to ensuring optimum performance and improved efficiency of a mechanical system.
Recently, fluid engineering has undergone significant change and therefore a detailed overview of the underlying principles of fluid power and its applications is vital. The theory behind heat transfer, the various heat transfer mechanisms and the design of heat-exchangers is also examined.
Any study of mechanical systems would be incomplete without including a review of mechanical vibrations. This will help you in monitoring, controlling and analysing vibrations and in conducting fault diagnoses in mechanical systems.
The field of maintenance has evolved into a separate and highly specialised function. An effective maintenance regime helps identify failure symptoms and enables initiation of corrective measures, for preventing unscheduled and sometimes catastrophic failures. Lastly, a discussion on the numerous standards, codes and regulations governing mechanical systems, helps put the whole workshop into perspective.
Introduction to kinesiology (Biomechanics- Physiotherapy) vandana7381
Chapter 1: Introduction to Kinesiology ( Biomechanics) for physical therapy students.
Reference: JOINT STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION - by Pamela K. Levangie.
Easy to understand and with lot of examples.
Have you gone above the speed limit or driven without a license and gotten away? Well, you can’t get away with breaking the laws of physics! This session will highlight:
• Why loads rotate, shift and swing
• Load Stability and how to understand and control mobility
• Predicting outcomes of load moving based on physical laws
• Internal and external forces and restraint
• Choosing the most economical and practical equipment for a job
Speaker: Don Mahnke, President, Hydra-Slide, Ltd.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
2. Topics To Be Covered
• Basics of mechanical engineering
• Units and measurements
• Measuring instruments
• Mechanical equipment
• Manufacturing process
• Codes and standards
• Measuring equipment & techniques
• Hvac System
• Heat transfer
• Material Handling
• Mechanical properties of materials
• IC engines
• Hydraulic machines
• Strength of materials
3. What is mechanical engineering?
• Mechanical engineering is the
discipline that applies the
principles of engineering,
physics, and materials
science for the design,
analysis, manufacturing, and
maintenance of mechanical
systems. It is the branch of
engineering that involves the
design, production, and
operation of machinery
4. Mechanical Engineer?
• Mechanical engineers create
and develop mechanical
systems for all of humankind.
Concerned with the principles
of
• Force
• Energy
• Motion
• Mechanical engineers use their
knowledge of design,
manufacture, and operational
processes to advance the world
around us — enhancing safety,
economic vitality and
enjoyment throughout the
world.
5. What Is a Force?
• A force is a push or pull upon
an object resulting from the
object's interaction with
another object.
• Mainly there are two types of
forces:
• Contact Forces
• Non Contact Forces
• Force is Measured in Newtons
7. Frictional Forces & Applied Forces
• Whenever an object moves
against another object, it feels
frictional forces.
• These forces act in the
opposite direction to the
movement.
• Friction makes it harder for
things to move.
• The pushing or pulling force
we were applying on an object
is called as Applied Forces.
9. Helpful Frictional Forces &
Unhelpful Frictional Forces
• Friction can be useful:
• Friction between tires and the road stop cars from skidding.
• Friction between the brakes and wheel help bikes and cars slow
down.
• Friction can also be unhelpful:
• If you don't lubricate your bike regularly with oil, the friction in
the chain and axles increases. Your bike will be noisy and
difficult to pedal.
• When there is a lot of friction between moving parts, energy is
lost to the surroundings as heat.
10. Air Resistance
• Air resistance is caused by
the frictional forces of the
air against the vehicle.
• The faster the vehicle
moves, the bigger the air
resistance becomes.
11. Normal Force
• When a body exerts a force
on another, the second
provides a reaction which
acts perpendicular to the
surface of 2nd body.
12. Tension Force
• The Tension force is the force that is
transmitted through a string, rope, cable or wire
when it is pulled tight by forces acting from
opposite ends.
• The tension force is directed along the length of
the wire and pulls equally on the objects on the
opposite ends of the wire.
13. Spring Force
• The spring force is the force exerted by a compressed
or stretched spring upon any object that is attached to
it. An object that compresses or stretches a spring is
always acted upon by a force that restores the object
to its rest or equilibrium position.
14. Hooks Law
• Hooke's law states that the force F
needed to extend or compress a
spring by some distance X is
proportional to that distance.
• F = KX where K is a constant of the
spring: its stiffness, and X is the
deformation of the spring.
• F= -KX When the direction of the
restoring force is opposite to that of
the displacement.
15. Non Contacting Forces
• Gravitational Forces: Newton's law of universal
gravitation states that any two bodies in the universe
attract each other with a force that is directly
proportional to the product of their masses and
inversely proportional to the square of the distance
between them.
• F is the force between the masses;
• G is the gravitational constant
(6.674×10−11 N · (m/kg)2);
• m1 is the first mass;
• m2 is the second mass;
• r is the distance between the centers of the masses.
16. Lorenz Force
• Lorentz force: It is the
combination of electric and
magnetic force on a point
charge due to
electromagnetic fields. If a
particle of charge q moves
with velocity v in the
presence of an electric field
E and a magnetic field B,
then it will experience a force
• F = q E + q v × B
17. What Is Energy?
• The ability of a system to
perform work.
• Energy is a property of objects
which can be transferred to
other objects or converted into
different forms.
• Law Of Conservation Of
Energy: energy can be neither
created nor be destroyed.
• Energy is measured in Joules.
18. Work
• Work is said to be done on an object when the
force causes displacement of the object.
• Work is the product of the force applied on an
object and the displacement of the object.
• W= Force x Displacement
Displacement: is an
object's change in
position considering its
starting position and
final position.
Work is measured in
Joules
21. Mechanical Energy
• Mechanical energy is
the sum of kinetic and
potential energy in an
object that is used to do
work.
• In other words, it is
energy in an object due
to its motion or position,
or both.
22. Kinetic Energy
• kinetic energy is the
energy that the body
possesses due to its
motion.
• KE= 1/2MV2
• Where M is the
mass and V is the
speed (or the
velocity) of the body.
23. Potential Energy
• The energy stored in an
object by the virtue of its
motion.
• The amount of gravitational
potential energy an object
has depends on its height
above the ground and its
mass.
• PE= mgh
• Where m is Mass, g is
gravitational force, And h is
height of the object.
24. Motion
• Motion is a change in
position of an object with
respect to time.
• Motion is typically described
in terms of displacement,
distance, velocity,
acceleration, time and
speed.
• It is measured in relationship
to point of reference.
26. Random Motion
• Random motion, also
known as Brownian
motion, is the
movement of atoms and
molecules.
• Gas is having random
motion, because of the
molecules move in
different directions.
Randon Motion Of Gas
Particles
27. Translational Motion
• Translational motion is the movement of an
object from one point to another through space.
• Three types of translational motions:
• Rectilinear
• Curvilinear
• Circular
28. Rotational And Oscillatory
• Rotational motion is
an object moves
around an axis
passing through its
body.
• Oscillatory motion is
something that
moves back and
forth repeatedly.
29. DOF(Degrees of freedom)
• DOF is number of
independent motions that
are allowed to the body.
• In case of a mechanism
number of possible
independent relative
motions between the
pieces of the mechanism.
• Mostly used in robotics.
30. How many degrees of freedoms ?
• There are six degrees of a freedom
for an object in space.
31. DOF of a ship
• The motion of a ship at sea has the six degrees of
freedom of a rigid body, and is described as:
• Translation and rotation:
• Moving up and down (elevating/heaving);
• Moving left and right (strafing/swaying);
• Moving forward and backward (walking/surging);
• Swivels left and right (yawing) ;
• Tilts forward and backward (pitching);
• Pivots side to side (rolling).
32. DOF of Plane
• A plane is also having six degrees of
freedom.
34. Measurement
• Measurement is the standard which
is used for comparison must be
defined accurately, And it should be
universally accepted.
• Measurement is the process of
comparing unknown magnitude of
certain parameter with the known
predefined standard of that
parameter.
37. How large is a centimeter?
The width
of the top
of your
finger
38. How large is a meter?
About the
width
of one &
1/2 doors
1 meter
39. How large is a milliliter?
About a
drop of
liquid
40. • Units of Length
• 10 millimeters = 1 centimeter
• 10 centimeters = 1 decimeter
• 10 decimeters = 1 meter
• 1000 meters = 1 kilometer
• Units of Weight
• 10 milligrams = 1 centigram
• 10 centigrams = 1 decigram
• 10 decigrams = 1 gram
• 1000 grams = 1 kilogram
• 1000 kilograms = 1 metric ton
Measurements Of Length And Weight
41. Units
• Units are standards for measurement
of physical quantities that need clear
definitions to be useful.
• There are mainly two types of units
• Basic Units
• Derived Units
42. Basic Units
• The International System of Units (SI) defines
seven units of measure as a basic set from
which all other SI units are derived. The SI
base units and their physical quantities are:
45. Features of Measured Quantities
• When we measure a number, there are
physical constraints to the measurement.
• Instruments and scientists are not perfect,
so the measurement is not perfect (i. e., it
has error).
• The error in the measurement is related to
the accuracy and the precision of the
measurement
46. Accuracy and Precision
Accuracy – how close the measurement
is to the “true” value (of course we
have to know what the “true” value is)
Precision – is a measure of how closely
individual measurements agree with
one another.
48. Equations for Precision and Accuracy
1. Precision
2. Accuracy
Absolute Error
% AE = (True value-Avg Value) X
100
True Value
49. Measuring Instruments
• A measuring instrument is
a device for measuring a
physical quantity.
• In the physical sciences,
quality assurance, and
engineering, measurement
is the activity of obtaining
and comparing physical
quantities of real-world
objects and events.
50. Rulers
• Rulers
– Simple tools to measure straight-line
distances where tolerances are not a major
factor
– Can be made of metal, plastic, or wood
– Typical rulers are 6 inches or 12 inches
– Tolerance: is the permissible limit or limits
of variation.
– In mechanical engineering the space
between a bolt and a nut or a hole Is the
Tolerance
53. Calipers
• Calipers: Engineers and machinists
frequently use calipers to secure
accurate measurements of inside and
outside diameters.
• A caliper can be as simple as a
compass with inward or outward-
facing points
55. Feeler Gauges
• Feeler Gauges
– to measure the clearance between two
parts
– Used for measuring “gaps” or the space
between two objects
– Proper usage requires practice
57. Feeler Gauges used for
• Valve lash
• Measure spark plug gap
• Head flatness
• Thrust distance in Crankshaft
• Ignition point gap (Old Vehicles)
58. Feeler gages are principally used in determining
clearances between various parts of machinery.
Probably the most common use is determining valve
clearance. Various blades are inserted between the
tappet and the push rod until a blade of the feeler gage
is found that will just slide between the two surfaces
without too much friction or sticking. The thickness of the
blade then determines the clearance. Or, a particular
feeler of proper thickness may be selected and the
tappet adjusted until the feeler will just slide between the
tappet and push rod with out catching.
60. Feeler Gauges with strip
Such a gage consists of thin blades of
metal of various thicknesses. There is
generally a blade or strip for each of
the most commonly used thicknesses
such as 0.002 inch, 0.010 inch, and
.015 inch. The thickness of each
blade is generally etched on the
blade
63. Micrometers
• Micrometer is a caliper to obtain
measurements accurate to 1/1000 of an inch.
• This instrument is particularly useful for
measuring relatively short lengths and the
diameter of bolts or cylinders.
• The common commercial micrometer
consists of a frame, an anvil or fixed
measuring point, a spindle, a sleeve or barrel,
a thimble and a rachet.
65. Types of micrometers
• Outside micrometer typically used to
measure wires, spheres, shafts and blocks.
• Inside micrometer used to measure the
diameter of holes.
• Depth micrometer measures depths of
slots and steps.
69. Telescopic Gauges
Used with outside micrometers to
measure inside diameters.
Various lengths and T-shaped.
Extensions are spring-loaded.
These wont contain individual
markings for measurement
73. Small Hole Gauges
• To measure small holes
• Gauge is straight with a screw handle
on one end and a split ball on other.
• Handle is turned to expand ball.
• These wont contain individual
markings for measurement
– Removed and measured with a
micrometer
76. Go/No Go gauge
• Go/No Go gauge refers to an inspection tool used
to check a work piece against its allowed
tolerances.
• Its name is derived from two tests: the check
involves the work piece having to pass one test
(Go) and fail the other (No Go).
• It does not return a size or actual measurement in
the conventional sense, but instead returns a state,
which is either acceptable (the part is within
tolerance and may be used) or unacceptable (the
part must be rejected).
77. Types Of Go Gauges
circular
Treaded
nut
Treaded
Hexagonal
80. Dial Indicators
• Dial Calipers
– For inside, outside, and
depth measurements
– Manual scales or digital
– can measure in 0.001
inch increments
– Metric can measure in 2-
millimeter increments
81. Dial Indicator
• A plunger moves in and out from
the body of the indicator and
rotates the measuring needle on
a dial face.
• Dial indicators usually have
either a 1" or 2" range and are
calibrated in increments of
.001". A smaller dial reads each
revolution of the larger dial in
increments of 0.100".
82. Dial Gauges Uses
• Centering cylindrical stock in a 4-jaw chuck
• Determining accuracy of lathe or mill
alignment
• Determining runout of lathe spindle and
chucks
• Monitoring depth of drilled holes
• Monitoring vertical movement of milling
head
• Determining if edges of a rectangular
workpiece are parallel
83.
84. Pressure and Vacuum
Measurements
• Pressure Gauges
– Measures amount of pressure applied to a
closed, sealed system
– Fitted into pressure line with appropriate
fittings
– A manometer is an instrument that uses a
column of liquid to measure pressure,
although the term is currently often used to
mean any pressure measuring instrument.
86. Pressure and Vacuum
Measurements
• Vacuum Gauges
– Mechanical gauge measures difference
between atmospheric pressure and current
state of system
– A vacuum gauge is used to measure the
pressure in a vacuum.
– it is possible to measure system pressure
continuously from 10 mbar down to
10−11 mbar.