This document defines and explains key concepts related to motion, including:
1) Kinematics describes motion without considering causes. Motion is a change in position over time. Rectilinear motion describes straight-line movement.
2) There are two types of motion - natural motion where an object moves to its natural place, and violent motion caused by forces.
3) Distance is length travelled, while displacement is the shortest distance between positions. Speed is distance over time. Velocity includes direction. Forces can change motion by pushing or pulling.
Reference frame and describing motion (distance and displacement)Simple ABbieC
What is motion? Describing motion in terms of its reference frame, distance and displacement. This presentation also includes some sample problems relating to computation of distance and displacement.
Acknowledgement to all web and print resources.
Hello! This is my PowerPoint Presentation on free falling bodies.
Some transition might failed when viewing. so if you want a better presentation using this, you could ask me.
The Galileo vs Aristotle part is kind-of a video presentation. You could find a better video on Youtube.
For further question, just comment on the comment box below.
or
Send me an Email ( glydelle27@gmail.com )
Reference frame and describing motion (distance and displacement)Simple ABbieC
What is motion? Describing motion in terms of its reference frame, distance and displacement. This presentation also includes some sample problems relating to computation of distance and displacement.
Acknowledgement to all web and print resources.
Hello! This is my PowerPoint Presentation on free falling bodies.
Some transition might failed when viewing. so if you want a better presentation using this, you could ask me.
The Galileo vs Aristotle part is kind-of a video presentation. You could find a better video on Youtube.
For further question, just comment on the comment box below.
or
Send me an Email ( glydelle27@gmail.com )
this ppt is based on the physics chapter: force and pressure.
you can also see the other chapters on youtube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nejarAzn76A
THIS PPT IS A VERY INFORMING PRESENTATION ON MOTION
TOPIC WITH THE EXAMPLE OF DAILY LIFE:.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................AAAAANNNNNDDDD MMMMMAAAAANNNNNYYYYY MMMMMMMOOOOOORRRRREEEE
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
3. Kinematics
• Kinematics is the branch of classical
mechanics which describes the
motion of points, bodies (objects),
and systems of bodies (groups of
objects) without consideration of the
causes of motion.
• Kinematics as a field of study is
often referred to as the "geometry of
motion".
4. Motion
• a change in position of an object with
respect to a reference point and time
• Reference point/frame of reference –
starting point (origin) for measuring
motion
5. Rectilinear Motion
• another name for straight-line motion.
This type of motion describes the
movement of a particle or a body
• A body is said to experience
rectilinear motion if any two particles
of the body travel the same distance
along two parallel straight lines. The
figures below illustrate rectilinear
motion for a particle and body.
6. Natural and Violent Motions
• Aristotle classified motion into two
types:
1. Natural Motion – motion of an
object or a body to its natural place
Example:
A piece of stone will fall on the ground
when it is dropped from a certain
height
7. Natural and Violent Motions
2. Violent Motion – motion caused by
a force or the result of a push and
pull. When a force is not applied on
a body, it ceases to move.
8. Distance and Displacement
• Distance – length along a path
between two points
– total length travelled by an object or
person
Example: Peter walked from his house
50m East and walked back 20m West,
his total distance travelled is 70m.
50m + 20m = 70m
9. Distance and Displacement
• Displacement – refers to the shortest
distance between the object’s two
positions, like the distance between
its point of origin and its point of
destination, no matter what path it
took to get to that destination.
10. Scalar and Vector Quantities
• Scalar Quantities – completely
specified by magnitude alone. They
are described with a single number
(including units) indicating size,
magnitude or dimension. Other
common scalars are temperature,
mass, volume, time, speed and
distance.
11. Scalar and Vector Quantities
• Vector Quantities – physical
quantities that require both magnitude
and direction for their specification.
Because direction is an important
characteristic of vectors, arrows are
used to represent them.
14. Speed
• Speed is the distance that an object
travels per unit of time. To determine
speed, use the formula below:
speed = distance
time
Or in symbols: v = d
t
15. Speed
• The rate of motion or the speed of an
object is commonly expressed in
meters per second (m/s), centimeters
per second (cm/s) or kilometers per
hour (km/h)
16. Speed
• Example:
If a car travels 100 km in 2 h, its
speed is:
v = d
t
= 100 km
2 h
= 50 km/h
17. Speed
• In this case, 50 km/h represents the
car’s average speed or the total
distance travelled divided by the total
time to cover such distance.
18. Speed
• Example: (find distance)
How far will a car travel in 1.8 h
when its speed is 60 km/h?
v = d
t
d = vt
= (60 km/h)(1.8 h)
= 108 km
19. Seatwork #1
1. Hannah went running a distance of
120 m in 30 s. What was Hannah’s
rate of/ speed?
2. How far can a cyclist travel in 1.5
hours (h) if his average speed is 12
km/h?
20. Force
• Refers to the measurement of the
push or pull
• The SI unit for force is Newton (N)
21. Effects of Force on an object
• Change in shape
• Stop a moving object
• Speed up or slow down a moving
object
• Change in size
• Start a stationary object to move
• Change direction of motion
22. Types of Force
APPLIED FORCE
- is a force that is applied to an object
by a person of another object.
Example: a person is pushing a
desk
- the applied force is the force
exerted on the desk by the person
23. Types of Force
GRAVITY FORCE
- is the force with which the earth, the
moon or other massively large objects
attracts another object towards itself
- this is the weight of the object
24. Types of Force
NORMAL FORCE
- is the support force exerted upon an
object that is in contact with another
stable object.
Example: a book is resting upon a
surface, then the surface is exerting
an upward force upon the book to
support its weight
25. Types of Force
FRICTION FORCE
- is the force exerted by a surface as
an object moves across it or makes
an effort to move across it.
- Friction results from the two
surfaces being pressed together
closely, causing intermolecular
attractive forces between molecules
of different surfaces.
26. Types of Force
AIR RESISTANCE FORCE
- is a special type of force that acts
upon objects as they travel through
the air.
- the force of air resistance is often
observed to oppose the motion of an
object.
27. Types of Force
TENSION FORCE
- is the force that is transmitted
through a string rope, cable or wire
when it is pulled tight by forces acting
from opposite ends.
28. Types of Force
SPRING FORCE
- is the force exerted by a
compressed or stretched spring upon
any object that is attached to it
- an object that compresses or
stretches a spring is always acted
upon by a force that restores the
object to its rest or equilibrium
position.
29. VELOCITY
• Speed of an object in a particular direction
• An object at rest has zero velocity
• the table below shows the changing
velocity of a car from the time it started to
move until it has covered a distance of
500m
Total
Distance
0 100 200 300 400 500
Elapsed
Time
0 11 16 21 24 27
30. INSTANTANEOUS VELOCITY
• The velocity of a moving body at a
particular time is called instantaneous
velocity
change in distance
Instantaneous velocity = change in time
or
d
v = t
32. AVERAGE VELOCITY
• is the distance travelled in a particular direction
per unit time
• The average velocity of a moving body is
defined as the displacement divided by the
elapsed time:
displacement
Average velocity = elapsed time
d
v = t
33. AVERAGE VELOCITY
An airplanes takes off at 10 a.m. and
flies a straight path at 350 km/h until 1
p.m. Its velocity then changes to 400
km/h in the same direction until it
lands at 3:30 p.m. What is its average
velocity for the entire flight?