Cardiovascular diseases are the second leading cause of death, with cardiac arrest being responsible for 366,807 deaths per year in the US. Effective basic life support (BLS) provided immediately after cardiac arrest can double a victim's chance of survival. BLS involves chest compressions, opening the airway, and rescue breathing to sustain life until advanced medical treatment can restore normal heart function. It consists of five steps: assessing the scene and victim, checking for no pulse and breathing, beginning chest compressions, opening the airway, and giving rescue breaths. BLS is performed at a rate of 100-120 chest compressions per minute with complete chest recoil between compressions to promote circulation until emergency responders arrive.

1. BASIC LIFE
SUPPORT (BLS)

2. ..

3. INTRODUCTION
 Cardiovascular diseases are the group of diseases
which includes the disorders of the heart or blood
vessels.
 Cardiac Arrest become the second leading cause of
death. 366,807 death rate occur per year. Of that 90%
are out of hospital.
 Effective Basic life support provided immediately after
cardiac arrest can double the victims chance of
survival.

4. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS

5. PARTS
HeartBlood vessels
• The function of heart is to main constant circulation throughout the body.
• The heart act as a pump in circulating the blood.
• Blood vessels transports the blood through out the body, the two important
types are Arteries and Veins.
• Arteries Carry pure blood from lungs to tissue.
• Veins Carry impure blood back to heart.

6. .

7. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 The human respiratory system is a series of organs responsible for taking I oxygen and
expelling carbon dioxide.
 The primary organ of respiratory system is lungs, which carry out exchange of gases as
we breath.

8. PARTS
 UPPER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 LOWER RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

9. FUNCTIONS OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 Oxygen transport
 Gas exchange

10. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
( CPR)
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation ( CPR)
CPR is a process resuscitative Process to sustain life by providing oxygen to vital organs
until medical treatment can restore normal heart actions. CPR Techniques is divided into
two categories. They are
 1. Basic life support
 2. Advanced life Support

11. BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
• Basic life support is a level of medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening
illness or injuries until they can be given full medical care at a hospital.
• It involves external support of circulation and ventilation for a patient with cardiac or
respiratory arrest through CPR. It include artificial ventilation and external cardiac
compression.
• It can be provided by trained medical personnel including emergency medical
technicians, paramedical and qualified bystanders.

12. GOALS OF BLS
 To increase cardiac arrest survival
 To Comfort the patient
 To Promote blood supply
 To identify the patient at risk
Among all the most important goal is to increase
survival rate of cardiac arrest.

13. PURPOSE OF BLS
a) To Promote circulation
b) To Protect and Clear Airway
c) To Promote breathing inflation and deflation

14. INDICATIONS OF BLS
 Cardiac arrest ( Complete cessation of heart)
 Respiratory arrest ( Complete cessation of lungs)
 Cardiopulmonary arrest ( Complete cessation of Both heart and lungs)
Others
 Trauma
 Chest injuries
 Drowning
 Electric Shock
 Motor vehicle related injuries
 Burns
 poisoning

15. COMPONENTS OF BLS
The 3 major components of BLS are
CHEST COMPRESSION
 CHEST COMPRESSION
 AIRWAY
 BREATHING

16. AIRWAY

17. BREATHING

18. SEQUENCE OF BLS
The 2010 AHA Guidelines for BLS Sequence has changed from ABC to CAB. The 3 major
component of BLS/ CPR are
 C : Chest compression
 A : Airway
 B : Breathing
American Heart association( AHA) is an international agency formulating the guidelines
for BLS.

19. CHARACTERSTICS
 Starts Compression within 10 seconds of recognition of cardiac arrest.
 Push hard, push fast compress at a rate of100 to 120/ minute with a depth of At least
5cm for adults.
 Allows complete Chest recoil.
 Minimize interruptions in compression
 Give effective breath that make the chest rise
 Avoid excessive ventilation

20. IMPORTANCE OF FIRM SURFACE
 Compression pump the blood in the heart to the rest of the body. To make compression
effective as possible place the victim on a firm surface such as floor.
 If the victim is on a soft surface, such as mattress, the force used to compress the chest
will simply push the body into soft surface.
 Do not move the victim during the compression.
 The most ideal position for the BLS is supine position ( sleeping Position)

21. STEPS OF BLS
STEP 1
Assessment & safety scene.
 Assess for Scene safety.
 Check for Victim response
If victim is not responsive, Call for
nearby help .
 Activate emergency response system

22. STEP 2
Recognition of cardiac arrest
a. Check for pulse
(Locating carotid pulse)
1 ) Locate the trachea using 2 or 3 fingers
Slide these 2 or 3 fingers into the groove
between trachea and the muscles at the side
of neck.
2)Feel for carotid pulse at least 5 seconds
not more than 10 Seconds. If pulse is
absent begin chest compression
b. Look for number breathing or Gasping
simultaneously

23. STEP 3
Starts chest compression.
 Position at victims’ side. Make sure
that victim is lying on flat surface
 Place the heel of one hand on the center
of the victim’s chest on the lower half
of breastbone.
 Place the heel of the hand on the top of
the first hand.

24. Continue………..
 Locking the elbow & positions the
shoulder directly over wrist.
 Give chest compression at a rate of 100
to 120/minute.
 Press down at least 5cm with each
compression
 At the end of each compression make
sure you allow the chest to recoil
completely.
 Minimizes interruptions.

25. Continue…..
STEP 4
Airway Management
 Head tilt chin lift maneuver.
a. Place one hand on the victim’s
forehead.
b. Pushes with palm to tilt the head
back.
c. Place the finger of another hand
under the bony parts of lower jaw
near the chin.
d. Lift the jaw to bring the chin
forward.

26. Continue…….
STEP 5
Breathing
Use mouth to mouth or mouth to mask at a
rate 30:2 .
Duration of delivering I breath is 1 second.
 Mouth to Mouth Breathing
 Holds victim’s airway open with head
tilt & chin lift maneuver.
 Pinch the nose closed with thumb &
index finger.
 Takes a regular breath

27. Continue…….
 Seals lips around the victim’s mouth
creating an airtight seal.
 Gives a second breath (blow for about
1 second). & Watches for chest rise.
 Continues the chest compression till
normal breathing attains.

28. Continue..
Post Resuscitation care
When patient attains normal breathing and pulse. Shift the victim to nearby hospital
Jaw thrust maneuver.
 If the victim have neck or spinal cord injury the airway management should done
using jaw thrust maneuver. Usually done in 2 rescuer BLS

29. COMPLICATIONS OF FAULTY RESCUSISTATION
 Rib fracture
 Sternum fracture
 Soft tissue damage
 Hemothorax ( blood in pleural cavity)

30. THINKS TO BE REMEMBER
Ventilation – Compression ratio 30 : 2
Depth of Chest compression 5 cm ( 2 inches)
Rate of Chest compression 100- 120 / minute
Duration of breath 1 breath over 1 second.

31. CONCLUSION
BLS Involves external support of circulation and ventilation. BLS is a level of
medical care which is used for victims of life-threatening injuries until they can
given full medical care at hospital. Effective BLS provided during right time can
save the life of victims.

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