This document provides an analysis and design of the structural elements for a multi-storey residential building, including slabs, columns, shear walls, and foundations. It discusses the objectives, general approach, types of buildings and concrete mixtures used. The structural elements are then analyzed and designed according to the given specifications and loadings, with reinforcement details provided for slabs, columns, shear walls, and pile caps.
Housing is an important activity that directly indicates the standard of living of the people, with the increase in growth of population due to rapid industrialization scarcity of developed land, the need for multi-storeyed housing complex has increased to a considerable extent , so people turned to multi-storeyed residential apartments instead of individual houses, when city development reached a maximum development of suburban’s areas began the people living in the city should have advocate housing for comfortable and peaceful living.
Introduction to construction technology, THEORY, civil engineering, technology, Concept of construction technology, DPC (damp proof course), vertical structural
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
RCC and GIRDER CONSTRUCTION,
mat/raft footing, combined footing, details of steel in construction, footing, foundation, building construction, lightning and construction, ppt on design of construction, shallow foundation, deep foundation, strap footing, pair foundation, pile foundation, well foundation, squire foundation, depth of foundation, advantage of foundation
Housing is an important activity that directly indicates the standard of living of the people, with the increase in growth of population due to rapid industrialization scarcity of developed land, the need for multi-storeyed housing complex has increased to a considerable extent , so people turned to multi-storeyed residential apartments instead of individual houses, when city development reached a maximum development of suburban’s areas began the people living in the city should have advocate housing for comfortable and peaceful living.
Introduction to construction technology, THEORY, civil engineering, technology, Concept of construction technology, DPC (damp proof course), vertical structural
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
RCC and GIRDER CONSTRUCTION,
mat/raft footing, combined footing, details of steel in construction, footing, foundation, building construction, lightning and construction, ppt on design of construction, shallow foundation, deep foundation, strap footing, pair foundation, pile foundation, well foundation, squire foundation, depth of foundation, advantage of foundation
Analysis of diagrid structure in comparison with exterior braced frame structureeSAT Journals
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, diagrid structures have proven to be highly adaptable in structuring a wide range of building types, spans
and forms. In most applications, diagrids provide structural support to buildings that are non rectilinear, adapting well to highly
angular buildings and curved forms. The origin of the diagrid structural technology lies at the crossroads of engineering and
architecture. The term “diagrid” have come from perimeter diagonals which have good structural efficiency and is gaining new
interests in designing of tall structures because of its lattice like look. The term “diagrid” is a blending of the words “diagonal”
and “grid” and refers to a structural system that gains its structural integrity through use of triangulation. In the diagrid
structures, the vertical columns from the periphery are eliminated and this constructs the main difference between diagrids and
exterior braced frames. Having triangulated configuration, the diagrids are able to carry the gravity and lateral loads. They also
effectively minimize shear deformation as the diagonals carry the loads axially. The diagrid structural system is adopted these
days for tall buildings because of its stiffness and flexibility in the architectural planning. This paper presents the study of 20-
storey diagrid structure in comparison with exterior braced frame structure.Analysis results and design of both the models are
presented in terms of storey shear, displacement, drift and summary of lateral and gravity forces.
KeyWords:Diagrid structure, Exterior braced frame structure, Storey displacement, and Storey drift
This article presents the analysis and design of troughed floors. These are slabs that combines the advantages of ribbed floors with those of a slab with level soffits (flat slab). They provide one of the most efficient solution for long-span floors, typically up to 12m and are also very effective where good surface finish is desired. The levelled soffits present the floor with the advantage of exposing the slab profile which may be used for passive cooling or for aesthetics. They are composed of very shallow beams spanning between columns with typically equal depth narrow ribs spanning in the orthogonal direction. A thin slab layer known as the topping completes the system. Overall, they tend to be dipper than solid or flat slabs but are considerably lighter in weight than an equivalent flat slab, thus the extent of their foundations is greatly reduced. This paper therefore, aims to introduce the concept, analysis and design of troughed floors to the reader. Also, a practical workedexample using the Eurocode has been included in this article to aid the reader in further understanding the design of this kind of floors.
Diagrid structural system strategies to reduce lateral forces on high rise bu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Parametric study of flat slab building with and without shear wall to seismic...eSAT Journals
Abstract Recently there has been a considerable increase in the number of tall buildings, both residential and commercial, and modern trend is towards taller structures. Flat slab/plate is most widely used systems in reinforced concrete construction in offices, residential and industrial buildings in many parts of the world. This system having advantages that it reduces cost of form work and construction time, easy installation and requires the least story height. The flat plate system, in which columns directly support floor slabs without beams. Shear walls are relatively thin, vertically deep reinforced column used in structure which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind, seismic loads. In the present work, the effect of with and without shear wall of flat slab building on the seismic behavior of high rise building with different position of shear wall studied. For that, 15 story model is selected. To study the effect of different location of shear wall on high rise structure, linear dynamic analysis (Response spectrum analysis) in software ETABs is carried out. Seismic parameters like time period, base shear, storey displacement and storey drift are checked out. Keywords: flat slab, shear wall, response spectrum method, ETABs
Design and analysis of reinforced concrete multistory commercial building usi...Estisharaat Company
Design of multistory building by solving a sample manually ans rest of the building by solving on autodesk robot analysis, complete detailing of r.c members,final year project,complete ,how to design slabs, how to design beams, how to design rc column, how to make final year project, design of stairs,how to design foundations , how to prepare a project before using it in software for analysis,
Analysis of diagrid structure in comparison with exterior braced frame structureeSAT Journals
Abstract
Over the last 10 years, diagrid structures have proven to be highly adaptable in structuring a wide range of building types, spans
and forms. In most applications, diagrids provide structural support to buildings that are non rectilinear, adapting well to highly
angular buildings and curved forms. The origin of the diagrid structural technology lies at the crossroads of engineering and
architecture. The term “diagrid” have come from perimeter diagonals which have good structural efficiency and is gaining new
interests in designing of tall structures because of its lattice like look. The term “diagrid” is a blending of the words “diagonal”
and “grid” and refers to a structural system that gains its structural integrity through use of triangulation. In the diagrid
structures, the vertical columns from the periphery are eliminated and this constructs the main difference between diagrids and
exterior braced frames. Having triangulated configuration, the diagrids are able to carry the gravity and lateral loads. They also
effectively minimize shear deformation as the diagonals carry the loads axially. The diagrid structural system is adopted these
days for tall buildings because of its stiffness and flexibility in the architectural planning. This paper presents the study of 20-
storey diagrid structure in comparison with exterior braced frame structure.Analysis results and design of both the models are
presented in terms of storey shear, displacement, drift and summary of lateral and gravity forces.
KeyWords:Diagrid structure, Exterior braced frame structure, Storey displacement, and Storey drift
This article presents the analysis and design of troughed floors. These are slabs that combines the advantages of ribbed floors with those of a slab with level soffits (flat slab). They provide one of the most efficient solution for long-span floors, typically up to 12m and are also very effective where good surface finish is desired. The levelled soffits present the floor with the advantage of exposing the slab profile which may be used for passive cooling or for aesthetics. They are composed of very shallow beams spanning between columns with typically equal depth narrow ribs spanning in the orthogonal direction. A thin slab layer known as the topping completes the system. Overall, they tend to be dipper than solid or flat slabs but are considerably lighter in weight than an equivalent flat slab, thus the extent of their foundations is greatly reduced. This paper therefore, aims to introduce the concept, analysis and design of troughed floors to the reader. Also, a practical workedexample using the Eurocode has been included in this article to aid the reader in further understanding the design of this kind of floors.
Diagrid structural system strategies to reduce lateral forces on high rise bu...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Parametric study of flat slab building with and without shear wall to seismic...eSAT Journals
Abstract Recently there has been a considerable increase in the number of tall buildings, both residential and commercial, and modern trend is towards taller structures. Flat slab/plate is most widely used systems in reinforced concrete construction in offices, residential and industrial buildings in many parts of the world. This system having advantages that it reduces cost of form work and construction time, easy installation and requires the least story height. The flat plate system, in which columns directly support floor slabs without beams. Shear walls are relatively thin, vertically deep reinforced column used in structure which provide stability to structures from lateral loads like wind, seismic loads. In the present work, the effect of with and without shear wall of flat slab building on the seismic behavior of high rise building with different position of shear wall studied. For that, 15 story model is selected. To study the effect of different location of shear wall on high rise structure, linear dynamic analysis (Response spectrum analysis) in software ETABs is carried out. Seismic parameters like time period, base shear, storey displacement and storey drift are checked out. Keywords: flat slab, shear wall, response spectrum method, ETABs
Design and analysis of reinforced concrete multistory commercial building usi...Estisharaat Company
Design of multistory building by solving a sample manually ans rest of the building by solving on autodesk robot analysis, complete detailing of r.c members,final year project,complete ,how to design slabs, how to design beams, how to design rc column, how to make final year project, design of stairs,how to design foundations , how to prepare a project before using it in software for analysis,
check it out: http://goo.gl/vqNk7m
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
#catiatraining
#ANSYS #CRE-O
#hypermesh
#Automobileworkshops
#enginedevelopment
#autocad
#sketching
Seismic analysis of multi storey reinforced concrete buildings frame”ankialok
The opinion that designing new buildings to be Earthquake resistant will cause substantial additional costs is still among the constructional professionals. In a country of moderate seismicity adequate seismic resistance of new buildings may be achieved at no or no significant additional cost however the expenditure needed to ensure adequate seismic resistance may depend strongly on the approach selected during the conceptual design phase and the relevant design method. Regarding the conceptual design phase early collaboration between the architect and civil engineering is crucial.
Richa Industries Limited customizes structural steel system for heavy construction and offers design,engineering and construction solution from concept to completion.
Basic beam column structure construction and examples and lastly shell structure in short.
Rafiq azam buildings.Richerd Mier, Le Corbusier, Tadao Ando residences.
Bangladesh Liberation War museum
Sydney opera house
A technical approach to designing earthquake resistant buildings. Contains a brief overview of why a structure fails, building foundation problems and what are the possible solutions
Tube structures and its type with comparison .Udayram Patil
Hollow tube section always provide greater strength. So the same concept is applied to the building. Tubed system is designed to act like a three dimensional hollow tube structure which result in increased load resistance .
Seismic retrofitting is a collection mitigation technique for earthquake engineering.
It is the modification of existing structures to make them more resistant to seismic activity, ground motion, or soil failure due to earthquake.
It is of utmost important for historic monuments, areas prone to severe earthquakes and tall or
expensive structures.
The retrofitting techniques are also applicable for other natural hazards such as tropical cyclones, tornadoes and severe winds from thunderstorms.
Retrofitting proves to be a better economic consideration and immediate shelter to problems
rather than replacement of building.
check it out: http://goo.gl/vqNk7m
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
#catiatraining
#ANSYS #CRE-O
#hypermesh
#Automobileworkshops
#enginedevelopment
#autocad
#sketching
check it out: http://goo.gl/vqNk7m
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
#catiatraining
#ANSYS #CRE-O
#hypermesh
#Automobileworkshops
#enginedevelopment
#autocad
#sketching
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
#catiatraining
#ANSYS #CRE-O
#hypermesh
#Automobileworkshops
#enginedevelopment
#autocad
#sketching
check it out: http://goo.gl/vqNk7m
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
#catiatraining
#ANSYS #CRE-O
#hypermesh
#Automobileworkshops
#enginedevelopment
#autocad
#sketching
check it out: http://goo.gl/vqNk7m
CADmantra Technologies pvt. Ltd. is a CAD Training institute specilized in producing quality and high standard education and training. We are providing a perfact institute for the students intersted in CAD courses CADmantra is established by a group of engineers to devlop good training system in the field of CAD/CAM/CAE, these courses are widely accepted worldwide.
#catiatraining
#ANSYS #CRE-O
#hypermesh
#Automobileworkshops
#enginedevelopment
#autocad
#sketching
3D Scanning and Digitizing
Exascan.is The High Resolution Scanner From The Handyscan 3d Line
Of Truly Portable, Self Positioning Handheld Laser Scanners By
Creaform.
Examines Every Details
The Exascan Selfpositioning Handheld Scanner Offers Increased
Resolution And Accuracy.
Exact 3d Representation
The Exascan Makes It Possible To Carry Out Exact 3d Scanning
Projects With A Level Of Detail And Accuracy That No Other Handheld
Scanning System Can Achieve.
The Exascan Is Definitely The Most Flexible, Free form Inspection
Device On The Market.applications And Solutions.
Reverse Engineering & Styling, Design & Analysis
Get Best Quote 1. Include 3D scanning of existing objects
2. 3D archiving
3. Complex shape acquisition
4. Damage assessment
5. Clay model digitizing
6. Facilitates surface reconstruction
7. Class A surfacing
8. 3D modelling
9. Mockups
10. Packaging design
11. Rapid prototyping.
12. Mechanical design (tooling & jigs, maintenance, repair &
overhaul)
Inspection
1. Noncontact inspection
2. First article inspection
3. Supplier quality inspection
4. ParttoCAD inspection (2D INSPECTION)
5. Conformity assessment of 3D models against the original
parts/production tooling
6. Conformity assessment of manufactured parts against originals
Seismic behavior of rc elevated water tankunder different types of staging pa...CADmantra Technologies
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
CADmantra Technologies Pvt. Ltd. is one of the best Cad training company in northern zone in India . which are provided many types of courses in cad field i.e AUTOCAD,SOLIDWORK,CATIA,CRE-O,Uniraphics-NX, CNC, REVIT, STAAD.Pro. And many courses
Contact: www.cadmantra.com
www.cadmantra.blogspot.com
www.cadmantra.wix.com
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
3. Objectives
The Objectives of the Project are:-
Carrying out a complete analysis and design of the main
structural elements of a multi-storey building including
slabs, columns, shear walls and foundations
Getting familiar with structural softwares ( AutoCAD)
Getting real life experience with engineering practices
3
4. Summary
• Our graduation project is a residential building in
Gorakhpur Railway division.
• Place:- Basti
• This building consists of 12 repeated floors.
4
5. General Approach
• Obtaining an architectural design of a regular residential
multi-storey building.
• Establishing the structural system for the ground, and
repeated floors of the building.
• The design of column, wind resisting system, and type of
foundations will be determined taking into consideration
the architectural drawings.
5
6. Types of building
• Buildings are be divided into:
• Apartment building
• Apartment buildings are multi-story buildings where three or more
residences are contained within one structure.
• Office building
• The primary purpose of an office building is to provide a workplace
and working environment for administrative workers.
6
9. Concrete Mixtures
• Concrete is a durable material which is ideal for many
jobs.
• The concrete mix should be workable.
• It is important that the desired qualities of the hardened
concrete are met.
• Economy is also an important factor.
9
16. 16
Columns
• It is a vertical structural member supporting axial compressive
loads, with or with-out moments.
• Support vertical loads from the floors and roof and transmit
these loads to the foundation.
17. 17
Types of column
Spiral columnSpiral column Rectangular columnRectangular column
• Tied Columns
Over 95% of all columns in building in non-seismic regions are tied columns
• Spiral Columns
Spiral columns are generally circular. It makes the column more ductile.
18. Steel Reinforcement in Columns
• The limiting steel ratio ranges between 1 % to 8 %.
• The concrete strength is between 25 MPa to 45 Mpa.
• Reinforcing steel strength is between 400 MPa to 500 Mpa.
18
19. Design procedure
1. Calculate factored axial load Pu
2. Select reinforcement ratio
3. Concrete strength = 30 MPa, steel yield strength = 420
MPa
4. Calculate gross area
5. Calculate area of column reinforcement, As, and select
rebar number and size.
19
21. Guidelines for Column
Reinforcement
• Long Reinforcement
• Min. bar diameter Ø12
• Min. concrete covers 40 mm
• Min. 4 bars in case of tied rectangular or circular
• Maximum distance between bars = 250 mm
• Short Reinforcement ( Stirrups)
• Least of:
• (16)×diameter of long bars
• least dimension of column
• (48)×diameter of ties
21
dc
S
Asp
23. Shear walls
• A shear wall is a wall that resists
lateral wind loads which acts parallel
to the plane of the wall.
23
24. Shear walls
• Wind results in a pressure on the surface of the
building
• Pressure increases with height
• Positive Pressure, acts towards the surface of the
building
• Negative Pressure, acts away from the surface of the
building (suction)
24
25. Design of the wind force
• North south direction
25
25
28. Foundations
• Foundations are structural components used to
support columns and transfer loads to the
underlying Soil.
28
Foundations
Isolated Combined Strap wall Raft
Shallow
footing footing footing footing footing
Caissons Piles
Deep
29. Pile foundation
• Our building is rested on a weak soil formation which can’t resist the
loads coming from our proposed building, so we have to choose pile
foundation.
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Pile cap
Piles
Weak soil
Bearing stratum
30. Pile foundation
• Piles are structural members that are made of steel, concrete or
timber.
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31. Function of piles
• As with other types of foundation, the purpose of a pile
foundation is:
• To transmit a foundation load to a solid ground
• To resist vertical, lateral and uplift load
• Piles can be
• Timber
• Concrete
• Steel
• Composite
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32. Concrete piles
General facts
• Usual length: 10m-20m
• Usual load: 300kN-3000kN
Advantages
• Corrosion resistance
• Can be easily combined with a concrete superstructure
Disadvantages
• Difficult to achieve proper cutoff
• Difficult to transport
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33. Pile foundation
Piles can be divided in to two major categories:
1. End Bearing Piles
If the soil-boring records presence
of bedrock at the site within a reasonable depth,
piles can be extended to the
rock surface
2. Friction Piles
When no layer of rock is present depth at a site, point bearing piles
become very long and uneconomical. In this type of subsoil,
piles are driven through the softer material to specified depths.
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34. Pile Cap Reinforcement
• Pile caps carrying very heavy point loads tend to produce
high tensile stresses at the pile cap.
• Reinforcement is thus designed to provide:
• Resistance to tensile bending forces in the bottom of the cap
• Resistance to vertical shear
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35. Design of the pile cap
• bearing capacity of one pile:
Rs = α Cu As .L⋅ ⋅
• Length of pile penetration L = 18 meters
• Adhesion factor of soil (clay) α = 0.8
• Untrained shear strength Cu = 50
• Diameter = 0.9 m
• For piles with diameter 0.9 m
Rs = 2035.75 KN
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38. Environmental impact
• Although the cement production is environmentally
challenging, the final product of a reinforced concrete building
is environmentally friendly.
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39. Conclusion
• We have applied our gained knowledge during our
graduation project
• We are able to use structural software ( Auto Cad )
• We have practiced real life engineering practices
• At this point, we would like to thank all instructors,
engineers, and Al Ain Consultant Office for their grateful
effort.
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