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Alkenes & Alkynes
The document discusses different types of reactions that alkenes and alkynes undergo. It describes how alkenes contain carbon-carbon double bonds and alkynes contain carbon-carbon triple bonds. Some key reactions mentioned include hydroboration-oxidation of alkenes, hydration of alkenes using acid catalysts, electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes that follow Markovnikov's rule, and the Diels-Alder reaction between conjugated dienes. Oxidation reactions of alkenes involving permanganate and ozonolysis are also summarized.
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Alkenes & Alkynes
- 1. 11 presentation By Aadil AliWani Topic : Alkenes & Alkynes 1 Aadil Ali Wani
- 2. 2 Chapter 3: Alkenesand Alkynes 2
- 3. Hydrogenation of Alkenesand Alkynes Hydrocarbons that have carbon-carbon double bond are called alkenes; those with a carbon-carbon triple bond are alkynes Their general formulas are CnH2n alkenes and CnH2n-2 alkynes Both alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons 3
- 4. Compounds with morethan one double or triple bonds exist. Multiple double bonds may lead to dienes, trienes, tetraenes and polyenes. β-carotene and lycopene are examples of polyenes When two or more multiple bonds re present in a molecule, they can be classified depending on the relative positions of the bonds 4
- 5. Which of thefollowing compounds have conjugated multiple bonds? 5
- 6. Nomenclature 1. The ending–ene is used to designate carbon-carbon double bond. When more than one double bond is present, the ending is –diene, triene, tetraene and so on. The ending –yne is used for triple carbon-carbon bond. 2. Select the longest chain that includes both carbons of the double bond or triple bond. 6
- 7. Number the chainfrom the end nearest the multiple bond so that the carbon atoms in that bond have the lowest possible numbers. If the multiple bond is equidistant from both ends of the chain, number the chain from the end nearest the first branch point. 7
- 8. Indicate the positionof the multiple bond using the lower numbered carbon atom of that bond. If more than one multiple bond is present, number the chain from the end nearest the first multiple bond. 8
- 9. If the doublebond and the triple bond are equidistant from the end of the chain, the double bond receives the lowest number. The root name is from the longest carbon chain containing the multiple bond 9
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- 11. The numbering rulesapplied 11
- 12. With the cyclichydrocarbons, we start numbering the ring with the carbons of the multiple bond. 12
- 13. Write the structuralformula for 3-methyl-2-pentene 1,4-dichloro-2-pentene 3-hexyne 1,2-dimethylcyclobutene 2-bromo-1,3-pentadiene 13
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- 16. Some Facts aboutDouble Bonds 16
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- 18. The Orbital Modelof a Double Bond; the pi Bond 18
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- 24. Cis-Trans Isomerism inAlkenes 24
- 25. The Chemistry ofVision 25
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- 27. Are cis-trans isomerspossible for 1-butene and 2-butene? 27
- 28. Geometric isomers ofalkenes can be interconverted if sufficient energy is supplied to break the pi bond and allow rotation about the remaining sigma bond. 28
- 29. Addition and SubstitutionReactions Compared Addition of halogens X2 29
- 30. Addition of Water(Hydration) 30
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- 33. Addition of Acids Acidsthat add this way are the hydrogen halides (H-F, H-Cl, H-Br, H-I) and sulfuric acid (H-OSO3H) 33
- 34. Write the equationfor each of the following reactions a)2-butene + HCl b)3-Hexene + HI a)4-methylcyclopentene + HBr 34
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- 38. Addition of UnsymmetricReagents to Unsymmetric Alkenes; Markovnikov’s Rule 38
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- 42. Mechanism of ElectrophilicAddition to Alkenes 42
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- 59. What alkene isneeded to obtain he alcohol below via hydroboration-oxidation sequence, what product would this alkene give with acid-catalyzed hydration. 59
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- 62. Addition to ConjugatedSystems 62
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- 67. Cycloaddition to ConjugatedDienes: Diels-Alder Reaction 67
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- 77. Oxidation with permanganate;a Chemical Test 77
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