Alexander pope
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Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet best known for his satirical verse and translation of Homer. One of his most famous works is An Essay on Criticism, in which he argues that good critics follow nature's laws and aim to help poets improve rather than attack them. The poem also examines the qualities of ideal critics and their role in upholding virtue through literary criticism. It had a significant influence on literary ideals of Pope's era.
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Alexander pope
Pope's biography is summarized, focusing on key details about his life and works. He was born in London in 1688 to Catholic parents and suffered from poor health. His most famous works include The Rape of the Lock, a mock-heroic poem satirizing a petty quarrel, and An Essay on Man, addressing man's place in the universe through reason. The document then provides more in-depth analyses of The Rape of the Lock, describing its plot, characters, and use of the mock-epic genre to critique 18th-century society, and of An Essay on Man, situating it within Enlightenment debates around religion, reason, and humanity's role.
Alexander pope
Alexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet born in London in 1688. He is best known for his satirical verse and use of the heroic couplet. Pope was educated informally as a Catholic in London. He published his first major poems An Essay on Criticism in 1711 and The Rape of the Lock in 1712-1714, which established his fame as a poet and satirist.
Aristotle's Poetics
Aristotle's Poetics is considered the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and first systematic treatise on literary criticism. In it, Aristotle defines poetry as a means of mimesis or imitation through language, rhythm, and harmony. He discusses different types of poetry like tragedy, comedy, and epic poetry. For tragedy specifically, Aristotle says the objects imitated are serious actions, the manner is dramatic rather than narrative, and the medium is verse spoken in dialogue. He provides key terms used in tragedy like hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and katharsis. Aristotle also outlines critical elements of plot and structure for a successful tragedy, including unity of action, completeness, magnitude, and eliciting
The Features of The Elizabethan Age
The document summarizes the key features of the Elizabethan Age in England, including that it was a golden age under Queen Elizabeth I from 1558-1603. Some of the defining characteristics of the Elizabethan era were the production of great English poetry and plays, especially by William Shakespeare; a feeling of patriotism and nationalism; and advances in many cultural areas like drama, poetry, prose, and the development of the novel. The Renaissance ideals of humanism and questioning accepted beliefs also influenced English culture during this time period.
Alexander Pope - Life and Work
Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet best known for his satirical verse and translation of Homer's works. He was born into a Catholic family at a time when Catholics faced significant legal restrictions. His education ended early due to Pott's disease, but he was a prolific self-educated reader of classical texts. His most famous works included Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Though his religious background and poor health isolated him, Pope was a highly influential poet and considered a master of Neoclassical style during his lifetime.
Neoclassical Literary Criticism
Neoclassical Literary Criticism
Compled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (Assistant Professor/English Literature)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
4. touchstone method
1. Matthew Arnold introduced the touchstone method of literary criticism to evaluate poetry. He proposed using passages from known classics as "touchstones" to test the quality of contemporary works.
2. According to Arnold's method, a work is considered a true classic if it moves the reader in the same way as passages from great masters like Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton.
3. The touchstone method provides an objective standard for evaluation that avoids the subjectivity of personal taste or overemphasis on a work's historical importance rather than poetic merit.
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy -John dryden
The document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay of Dramatic Poesy". The essay is structured as a dialogue between four friends - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - discussing theories of drama. Crites argues that Greek/Roman literature should be the model and praised the ancients' adherence to the three unities. Eugenius agrees with imitating the ancients but thinks English dramatists have improved on them. Lisideius claims French dramatists are now better than the English due to their simpler plots. However, Neander disagrees, defending English dramatists' use of subplots and mixing of comedy and tragedy.
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Alexander pope
Pope's biography is summarized, focusing on key details about his life and works. He was born in London in 1688 to Catholic parents and suffered from poor health. His most famous works include The Rape of the Lock, a mock-heroic poem satirizing a petty quarrel, and An Essay on Man, addressing man's place in the universe through reason. The document then provides more in-depth analyses of The Rape of the Lock, describing its plot, characters, and use of the mock-epic genre to critique 18th-century society, and of An Essay on Man, situating it within Enlightenment debates around religion, reason, and humanity's role.
Alexander pope
Alexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet born in London in 1688. He is best known for his satirical verse and use of the heroic couplet. Pope was educated informally as a Catholic in London. He published his first major poems An Essay on Criticism in 1711 and The Rape of the Lock in 1712-1714, which established his fame as a poet and satirist.
Aristotle's Poetics
Aristotle's Poetics is considered the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and first systematic treatise on literary criticism. In it, Aristotle defines poetry as a means of mimesis or imitation through language, rhythm, and harmony. He discusses different types of poetry like tragedy, comedy, and epic poetry. For tragedy specifically, Aristotle says the objects imitated are serious actions, the manner is dramatic rather than narrative, and the medium is verse spoken in dialogue. He provides key terms used in tragedy like hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia, and katharsis. Aristotle also outlines critical elements of plot and structure for a successful tragedy, including unity of action, completeness, magnitude, and eliciting
The Features of The Elizabethan Age
The document summarizes the key features of the Elizabethan Age in England, including that it was a golden age under Queen Elizabeth I from 1558-1603. Some of the defining characteristics of the Elizabethan era were the production of great English poetry and plays, especially by William Shakespeare; a feeling of patriotism and nationalism; and advances in many cultural areas like drama, poetry, prose, and the development of the novel. The Renaissance ideals of humanism and questioning accepted beliefs also influenced English culture during this time period.
Alexander Pope - Life and Work
Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet best known for his satirical verse and translation of Homer's works. He was born into a Catholic family at a time when Catholics faced significant legal restrictions. His education ended early due to Pott's disease, but he was a prolific self-educated reader of classical texts. His most famous works included Essay on Criticism, The Rape of the Lock, and translations of Homer's Iliad and Odyssey. Though his religious background and poor health isolated him, Pope was a highly influential poet and considered a master of Neoclassical style during his lifetime.
Neoclassical Literary Criticism
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Compled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (Assistant Professor/English Literature)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
4. touchstone method
1. Matthew Arnold introduced the touchstone method of literary criticism to evaluate poetry. He proposed using passages from known classics as "touchstones" to test the quality of contemporary works.
2. According to Arnold's method, a work is considered a true classic if it moves the reader in the same way as passages from great masters like Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and Milton.
3. The touchstone method provides an objective standard for evaluation that avoids the subjectivity of personal taste or overemphasis on a work's historical importance rather than poetic merit.
An Essay of Dramatic Poesy -John dryden
The document summarizes John Dryden's essay "An Essay of Dramatic Poesy". The essay is structured as a dialogue between four friends - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - discussing theories of drama. Crites argues that Greek/Roman literature should be the model and praised the ancients' adherence to the three unities. Eugenius agrees with imitating the ancients but thinks English dramatists have improved on them. Lisideius claims French dramatists are now better than the English due to their simpler plots. However, Neander disagrees, defending English dramatists' use of subplots and mixing of comedy and tragedy.
The Study of Poetry - Matthew Arnold
Matthew Arnold viewed poetry as the "criticism of life" that is governed by poetic truth and beauty. He believed the best poetry has seriousness of substance combined with superior style and diction. Arnold analyzed poets using his "touchstone method" of comparison and advocated for disinterested criticism. However, critics argue he did not always practice disinterested criticism and overemphasized morality. Overall, Arnold made significant contributions to literary criticism through his analysis of poets and emphasis on poetry's relationship to interpreting life.
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Sir Philip Sidney wrote "An Apology for Poetry" in the 1580s to defend poetry against criticisms. In the summary, Sidney argues that poetry is superior to other fields as it can teach virtue and move people through charm. Poetry uses imitation, not just copying reality, but transforming it or creating new forms. It can depict both virtues and vices in a delightful manner to instruct people. Overall, Sidney establishes poetry's value and defends it as an art form.
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This document summarizes John Dryden's essay "Essay of Dramatic Poesy" from 1668. In the essay, Dryden has four characters - Eugenius, Crites, Lisideius, and Neander - debate five issues of dramatic poetry: ancients vs moderns, unities, French vs English drama, separation of tragedy and comedy, and the appropriateness of rhyme. Each character takes a position on the debates, with Eugenius favoring moderns, Crites favoring ancients, Lisideius favoring French drama, and Neander favoring English drama. Dryden also provides definitions of drama and compares attributes of French and English plays.
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Apology for poetry
Sir Philip Sidney's Apology for Poetry is a seminal work of Renaissance literary theory that defends the value and importance of poetry. Sidney argues that poetry is superior to other fields like philosophy and history in its ability to teach virtue and move people to moral action. He addresses common criticisms of poetry, such as that it is frivolous or promotes vice, and counters that poetry holds a long tradition of being valued for its ability to inspire. While some poetry in England at the time was of poor quality, Sidney believes the English language is well-suited to poetry and hopes for future poets to realize its full potential.
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Sidney's "Apology for Poetry" argues that poetry is a divine and socially useful art form. It summarizes Sidney's main points that poetry: (1) is the first form of education and instruction for humanity; (2) acts as a channel for divine inspiration; and (3) can teach virtue while delighting readers more effectively than history or philosophy. The work refutes claims that poetry is a lie, unprofitable, or leads to sin by asserting poetry's noble aim to inspire readers rather than corrupt them.
Preface to the Lyrical Ballads
William Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge published "The Lyrical Ballads" together in 1798. Wordsworth introduced the concept of poetry as the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" in his preface to the collection. He argued that poetry should be written in simple language that describes common life and nature. This was in contrast to the ornate language used by 18th century neoclassical poets. Wordsworth believed poetry should express universal truths about human nature and originate from profound emotions recollected through contemplation. His preface outlined a theory of poetic language that favored simplicity over artificial conventions.
Rape of the lock a mock heroic epic poem
The Rape of the Lock was written by Pope to chide gently the Fermor family when Lord Petre cut off a lock of Arabella Fermor’s hair on a certain fateful day and such dire consequences followed. Pope started something that culminated into a piece of literature that has remained to this day a leading example of the mock epic satire.
Essay on criticism: Alexander Pope
This document provides an overview and analysis of Alexander Pope's 1711 poem "Essay on Criticism". It summarizes the poem's main ideas in three parts. First, it discusses the general qualities needed by a critic, including self-awareness, knowledge of nature, and imitation of ancient works. Second, it outlines the particular laws for criticism, such as considering a work as a total unit and seeking the author's aim. Third, it describes the ideal characteristics of good critics, including integrity, modesty, and using ancient critics like Aristotle and Horace as models.
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This document discusses Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views on William Wordsworth's poetic creed as presented in Wordsworth's work Lyrical Ballads and its preface. While Coleridge himself did not fully agree with Wordsworth's views on using common language in poetry, he acknowledged in Biographia Literaria that had Wordsworth's poems truly been as silly or childish as early critics described, they would have sunk into oblivion. However, Wordsworth's poems were accepted by critics and his number of admirers, including young men of strong sensibility, increased each year with admiration that was intense and even religious in its fervor.
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Dr. Johnson praised Shakespeare in his "Preface to Shakespeare" for his fidelity to human nature and realistic portrayal of characters. Though he found faults in some of Shakespeare's plots and comic scenes, Johnson believed Shakespeare excelled at depicting the truths of human psychology and capturing the diversity of human passions and motives. While Shakespeare violated the classical unities of time and place, Johnson argued this was not really a fault, and that the unities were not essential to a good play. Overall, Johnson provided a largely balanced critique and is credited with recognizing Shakespeare's profound understanding of human nature.
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Elizabethan Period
The document provides historical context on the Elizabethan period from 1558-1603 in England. It discusses the Tudor dynasty beginning with Henry VII, the rise of the middle class, developments in religion and commerce, and influential figures like William Shakespeare. Specifically regarding literature in the Elizabethan era, it notes the flourishing of drama and poetry including sonnets and works by Edmund Spenser. Major playwrights of the time included Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and the "University Wits". Theatres grew more popular as tragedy and comedy developed from classical influences.
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This document provides an overview of 18th century English literature during the Age of Pope from 1700-1745. It describes the intellectual and literary trends of the time, including the emphasis on rationalism and classicism in the works of writers like Pope, Swift, Johnson, and others. The document also gives biographical overviews of some of the major literary figures from the period, such as Pope, Defoe, and Swift, and discusses their most prominent works.
Alexander Pope
Presentation about poet, satirist, and translator, Alexander Pope and an analysis of 'Elegy to the Memory of an Unfortunate Lady'. Created for Grade 12 AP English.
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Hazlitt sl
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Wordsworth believed poetry arises from powerful emotions that are recollected later in a state of tranquility. He argued poetry should use everyday language that ordinary people use rather than ornate poetic language. He wanted poetry to reflect the human experience and relationship with nature. Poetry should describe simple subjects and situations that are easily understood and remembered. A poet is an ordinary person who experiences strong feelings and can vividly recall those emotions later to convey them to others through their writing.
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Apology for poetry
Sir Philip Sidney's Apology for Poetry is a seminal work of Renaissance literary theory that defends the value and importance of poetry. Sidney argues that poetry is superior to other fields like philosophy and history in its ability to teach virtue and move people to moral action. He addresses common criticisms of poetry, such as that it is frivolous or promotes vice, and counters that poetry holds a long tradition of being valued for its ability to inspire. While some poetry in England at the time was of poor quality, Sidney believes the English language is well-suited to poetry and hopes for future poets to realize its full potential.
Philip Sidney : An Apology for Poetry
Sidney's "Apology for Poetry" argues that poetry is a divine and socially useful art form. It summarizes Sidney's main points that poetry: (1) is the first form of education and instruction for humanity; (2) acts as a channel for divine inspiration; and (3) can teach virtue while delighting readers more effectively than history or philosophy. The work refutes claims that poetry is a lie, unprofitable, or leads to sin by asserting poetry's noble aim to inspire readers rather than corrupt them.
Preface to the Lyrical Ballads
William Wordsworth and S.T. Coleridge published "The Lyrical Ballads" together in 1798. Wordsworth introduced the concept of poetry as the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" in his preface to the collection. He argued that poetry should be written in simple language that describes common life and nature. This was in contrast to the ornate language used by 18th century neoclassical poets. Wordsworth believed poetry should express universal truths about human nature and originate from profound emotions recollected through contemplation. His preface outlined a theory of poetic language that favored simplicity over artificial conventions.
Rape of the lock a mock heroic epic poem
The Rape of the Lock was written by Pope to chide gently the Fermor family when Lord Petre cut off a lock of Arabella Fermor’s hair on a certain fateful day and such dire consequences followed. Pope started something that culminated into a piece of literature that has remained to this day a leading example of the mock epic satire.
Essay on criticism: Alexander Pope
This document provides an overview and analysis of Alexander Pope's 1711 poem "Essay on Criticism". It summarizes the poem's main ideas in three parts. First, it discusses the general qualities needed by a critic, including self-awareness, knowledge of nature, and imitation of ancient works. Second, it outlines the particular laws for criticism, such as considering a work as a total unit and seeking the author's aim. Third, it describes the ideal characteristics of good critics, including integrity, modesty, and using ancient critics like Aristotle and Horace as models.
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Introduction of Writer, his works, essay tradition and individual talent, theory of poetry( impersonality of poetry, historical sense, poetic emotion, comparison of Wordsworth and T.S eliot theory of poetry, objective correlative, dissociation of Sensibility, unification of sensibility, meta-physical poetry, conceit , use of Conceit in John Donne’s poetry.
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This document discusses Samuel Taylor Coleridge's views on William Wordsworth's poetic creed as presented in Wordsworth's work Lyrical Ballads and its preface. While Coleridge himself did not fully agree with Wordsworth's views on using common language in poetry, he acknowledged in Biographia Literaria that had Wordsworth's poems truly been as silly or childish as early critics described, they would have sunk into oblivion. However, Wordsworth's poems were accepted by critics and his number of admirers, including young men of strong sensibility, increased each year with admiration that was intense and even religious in its fervor.
Johnson as a critic o shakespeare
Dr. Johnson praised Shakespeare in his "Preface to Shakespeare" for his fidelity to human nature and realistic portrayal of characters. Though he found faults in some of Shakespeare's plots and comic scenes, Johnson believed Shakespeare excelled at depicting the truths of human psychology and capturing the diversity of human passions and motives. While Shakespeare violated the classical unities of time and place, Johnson argued this was not really a fault, and that the unities were not essential to a good play. Overall, Johnson provided a largely balanced critique and is credited with recognizing Shakespeare's profound understanding of human nature.
William wordsworth as a critic
This document summarizes the major periods of English literature and provides details on William Wordsworth and the emergence of Romanticism. It outlines the periods from the Medieval era to modernism. Romanticism emerged in response to Neo-Classicism, with Wordsworth playing a key role. As a major Romantic poet, Wordsworth published works like The Prelude and served as Poet Laureate. He also wrote influential literary criticism in works like prefaces, arguing poetry should use common language to transmit ordinary experiences transformed by imagination.
Pre raphaelite
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of 19th century English painters, poets and critics who reacted against academic art by producing religious works inspired by medieval and early Renaissance styles up until Raphael. Some of the key founders and their works included Dante Gabriel Rossetti and his paintings "Proserpine" and "The Girlhood of Virgin Mary", John Everett Millais' "Christ In The House Of His Parents" and "Ophelia", and William Holman Hunt's "The Return of the Dove to the Ark", "The Hireling Shepherd", and "The Finding of the Savior
I.A. richards criticism
I.A. Richards was an influential 20th century British literary critic who helped pioneer New Criticism. He emphasized close textual analysis and believed criticism should be empirical and focus solely on what is in the text rather than external factors. Richards developed techniques for analyzing how words, metaphors, rhythm and context contribute to a work's meaning and emotional effects. He also explored literature's psychological impacts and believed it could provide readers with emotional balance and organization. Richards' works and experiments analyzing anonymous poems without context helped establish Practical Criticism as a new approach to literary study.
Elizabethan Period
The document provides historical context on the Elizabethan period from 1558-1603 in England. It discusses the Tudor dynasty beginning with Henry VII, the rise of the middle class, developments in religion and commerce, and influential figures like William Shakespeare. Specifically regarding literature in the Elizabethan era, it notes the flourishing of drama and poetry including sonnets and works by Edmund Spenser. Major playwrights of the time included Christopher Marlowe, Ben Jonson, and the "University Wits". Theatres grew more popular as tragedy and comedy developed from classical influences.
Litrary critesim - on the sublime by longinus
On the Sublime (Greek: Περì Ὕψους Perì Hýpsous; Latin: De sublimitate) is a Roman-era Greek work of literary criticism dated to the 1st century AD. Its author is unknown, but is conventionally referred to as Longinus (/lɒnˈdʒaɪnəs/; Ancient Greek: Λογγῖνος Longĩnos) or Pseudo-Longinus. It is regarded as a classic work on aesthetics and the effects of good writing. The treatise highlights examples of good and bad writing from the previous millennium, focusing particularly on what may lead to the sublime.
Robert Browning- Victorian Poet
Robert Browning was an English poet who lived during the Victorian era. He was educated at home by his father's large library and was fluent in multiple languages by age 14. Browning never had a formal career and was financially dependent on his family until age 34 when he married Elizabeth Barrett. Their marriage faced disapproval from her father. Browning published his first work anonymously in 1833 and gained recognition in the 1850s after his wife encouraged him to publish collections of his works. He had a significant influence on styles of poetry, particularly dramatic monologues, and was one of the most important Victorian poets.
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1) Alexander Pope was an 18th century English poet known for his use of rhyming couplets and promotion of reason and order in poetry.
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- 2. • Pope was an eighteenth-century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, after William Shakespeare and Alfred Tennyson. • An Essay On Criticism is one of the first major poems written by Pope. Despite the title, the poem is not as much an original analysis as it is compilation of Pope's reading of different "ancients". It is the only significant critical treatise in English written in verse; it is famous for its polished lines, many of which have become proverbial ( to err is human, to forgive is divine).
- 3. • The key term in Pope's Essay is 'Nature' • It is not Nature as the Romantics were to understand it, wild and mysterious, but something reflecting deep order, moderation, universal laws. • According to Pope, past percept and past examples are to be respected not simply for their antiquity but because they enshrine Nature's laws. • In his treatise Pope offers a history of literary criticism: the great critics of the classical past had 'methodiz'd' Nature, suppressed 'licence' and brought a golden age.
- 4. • It is written in a type of rhyming verse called heroic couplets. It is a verse essay primarily concerned with how writers and critics behave in the new literary commerce of Pope's contemporary age. The poem covers a range of good criticism and advice. It also represents many of the chief literary ideals of Pope's age. • The poem was said to be a response to an ongoing debate on the question of whether poetry should be natural, or written according to predetermined artificial rules inherited from the classical past.
- 5. • He discusses the lows to which a critic should adhere while critiquing poetry, and points out that critics serve an important function in aiding poets with their works, as opposed to the practice of attacking them. • The final section of An Essay on Criticism discusses the moral qualities and virtues inherent in the ideal critic, who, Pope claims, is also the ideal man as a tool to make the argument that poetry only conveys a separate reality, but that it has a long venerable history, and it does not lie. It is defensible in its own right as a mean to move readers to virtuous action.
- 6. • He discusses the lows to which a critic should adhere while critiquing poetry, and points out that critics serve an important function in aiding poets with their works, as opposed to the practice of attacking them. • The final section of An Essay on Criticism discusses the moral qualities and virtues inherent in the ideal critic, who, Pope claims, is also the ideal man as a tool to make the argument that poetry only conveys a separate reality, but that it has a long venerable history, and it does not lie. It is defensible in its own right as a mean to move readers to virtuous action.