The document discusses metaphysical poetry, which explores spiritual or philosophical themes through unconventional means. It was pioneered by John Donne in the 17th century. Key features included witty conceits, passionate reasoning, and unusual imagery. Donne combined thought and emotion through paradoxes, argumentative styles, and exaggerated metaphors. His poetry was intellectual yet used ordinary language. Overall, metaphysical poetry blended heart and mind through fantastical language and reasoning about life and the universe.
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
John Donne (/ˈdʌn/ dun) (22 January 1572[1] – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and a cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. from Wikipedia
Poetry, he wrote in the Preface, originates from ‘the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’ which is filtered through ‘emotion recollected in tranquillity’.
The Preface to the Lyrical Ballads is an essay, composed by William Wordsworth, for the second edition of the poetry collection Lyrical Ballads, and then greatly expanded in the third edition of 1802. It has come to be seen as a de facto manifesto of the Romantic movement.
John Donne (/ˈdʌn/ dun) (22 January 1572[1] – 31 March 1631) was an English poet and a cleric in the Church of England. He is considered the pre-eminent representative of the metaphysical poets. from Wikipedia
According to William Wordsworth poetry is the powerful overflow of spontaneous feelings. Wordsworth describes his main intention to write Lyrical Ballads is to choose incidents from real life and add a colour of imagination so that ordinary things may be represented in an unusual fashion.
An Apology for Poetry[7] (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – Sidney wrote the Defence before 1583. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage. from wikipidea
HERE I AM SHARING MY PRESENTATION OF MY M.A COURSE AS MY ACADEMIC WORK.I AM SUBMITTING THIS PRESENTATION TO DR. DILIP BARAD , SMT.S.B. GARDI DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MKBU
this presentation is mede by BS student. content taken by different writers. so in this presentation YOU all will able to learn about metaphsical poetry and John donne as a metaphysical poet.
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John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
More Information :- https://www.topfreejobalert.com
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Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
Goe and catche the falling stare by john donne, it includes introduction, summary, themes, analysis, literary devices, tone, conceits, metaaaphysical elements, examples and conclusion.
According to William Wordsworth poetry is the powerful overflow of spontaneous feelings. Wordsworth describes his main intention to write Lyrical Ballads is to choose incidents from real life and add a colour of imagination so that ordinary things may be represented in an unusual fashion.
An Apology for Poetry[7] (also known as A Defence of Poesie and The Defence of Poetry) – Sidney wrote the Defence before 1583. It is generally believed that he was at least partly motivated by Stephen Gosson, a former playwright who dedicated his attack on the English stage, The School of Abuse, to Sidney in 1579, but Sidney primarily addresses more general objections to poetry, such as those of Plato. In his essay, Sidney integrates a number of classical and Italian precepts on fiction. The essence of his defence is that poetry, by combining the liveliness of history with the ethical focus of philosophy, is more effective than either history or philosophy in rousing its readers to virtue. The work also offers important comments on Edmund Spenser and the Elizabethan stage. from wikipidea
HERE I AM SHARING MY PRESENTATION OF MY M.A COURSE AS MY ACADEMIC WORK.I AM SUBMITTING THIS PRESENTATION TO DR. DILIP BARAD , SMT.S.B. GARDI DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH MKBU
this presentation is mede by BS student. content taken by different writers. so in this presentation YOU all will able to learn about metaphsical poetry and John donne as a metaphysical poet.
Literary Criticism - Essay on Dramatic PoesyRohitVyas25
John Dryden has given good criticism for dramatic poesy. Here in this presentation, I've put introduction of the original essay and Dryden's definition of play.
More Information :- https://www.topfreejobalert.com
The Waste land it’s a epic poem. A poem made of collage of images. In ‘The Waste land’ Image and symbol take in city life.
Matthew Arnold (24 December 1822 – 15 April 1888) was an English poet and cultural critic who worked as an inspector of schools. He was the son of Thomas Arnold, the famed headmaster of Rugby School, and brother to both Tom Arnold, literary professor, and William Delafield Arnold, novelist and colonial administrator.
During this time Arnold wrote the bulk of his most famous critical works, Essays in Criticism (1865) and Culture and Anarchy (1869), in which he sets forth ideas that greatly reflect the predominant values of the Victorian era.
Goe and catche the falling stare by john donne, it includes introduction, summary, themes, analysis, literary devices, tone, conceits, metaaaphysical elements, examples and conclusion.
We are going to take a closer look at the history of the term "metaphysical poetry" and some examples of this curious and enigmatic school of early modern poetry in this post. Extensive similes and metaphors, extended poetic conceits and paradoxes, informal speech, and an interest in examining the interaction between the physical and spiritual world (and between the big and the small) are all common characteristics of metaphysical poetry, which we will discuss in this brief introduction.
“Metaphysical Poets” is a term coined by poet & critic Samuel Johnson, who describes a loose group of English lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterised by ample use of conceits, guess & speculation about topics such as love, religion etc.
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5. METAPHYSICAL POETRY
The term Metaphysical or metaphysics in poetry is the
fruit of Renaissance tree.
Originally the term ‘Metaphysical Poetry’ was coined
by John Dryden and later popularized by Samuel
Johnson in his book “Lives of the Most Eminent
English Poets (1179-1781).
6. Introduction:
The word “meta” means beyond and “physical” means
physical nature.
Metaphysical poetry means poetry that goes beyond
the physical world of the senses and explores the
spiritual world.
Metaphysical poetry refers to a type of very intellectual
poetry.
It is a type of poetry dealing with abstract or
philosophical subjects such as love, religion, God,
beauty, faith and so on.
7. Thus, Metaphysical poetry means the poetry which
addicted to witty conceits and farfetched imagery.
This term ‘Metaphysical’ implies a process of dry
reasoning, a speculation about the nature of universe
and the problems of life and death.
Metaphysical poetry is direct sensuous apprehension
of thought or recreation of thought into feeling.
8. DANTE’S VIEW ABOUT METAPHYSICAL POETRY
Dante says about Metaphysical poetry:
“Thoughts transmuted into
the imagery of dreams”
9. According to Grierson:
“Metaphysical poetry has been inspired by a
philosophical conception of universe and of
the role assigned to the human spirit in this
life. It arises when the physical world loses
its stability and the people lose faith in the
orthodox thoughts and beliefs. At such times,
sensitive poets like Donne, turns inward and
aim at a better understanding of themselves
and the world around them.”
10. The world they create becomes more important to
them. Therefore, Donne says in ‘The Good Morrow’:-
“Let maps to other, worlds on worlds have shown”
Let us possess one world, each hath one, and is one.”
11. Main features of Metaphysical poetry:
Main features of metaphysical poetry include skillful
use of wit and conceit, exhibition of learning, harsh
versification, passionate thoughts, religious and
dramatic elements, directness of speech, abrupt
beginning, harsh rhythm, scientific speculations, and
ordinary speech mixed with puns paradoxes, colloquial
language, argumentative presentation of emotion, and
daring imagery or metaphysical conceits.
12. TYPES AND THEMES
The Metaphysical poets turned away from the long,
old-fashioned works of Spenserians and concentrated
their efforts on short poems and lyrics dealing with the
themes of love of woman and love or fear of God.
Often poems are presented in the form of arguments.
13. BEGINNING OF METAPHYSICAL POETRY
Metaphysical poetry began early in the Jacobean age in
the last stage of the age of Shakespeare. John Donne
and his followers wrote Metaphysical poetry in 17th
century.
And this tradition was revived in England and
America in 20th century.
14. DIFFERENT CRITICS VIEWS
Dryden and Johnson being Neo-Classical critic used
this term ‘Metaphysical’ in a negative sense.
Johnson says:
“The most heterogeneous ideas
are yoked by violence together”
But Thomas Stearns Eliot gives this term
‘Metaphysical’ a place of honour. He appreciated
Metaphysical poets.
15. Metaphysical poets:
Major Metaphysical poets are,
John Donne(1537-1631),
Robert Herrick (1591-1674)
Thomas Carew (1598-1639)
Richard Crashaw (1613-1649)
Henry Vaughan (1622-1695)
George Herbert (1593-1633),
Lord Herbert,
Abraham Cowley (1618-1667),
Andrew Marvel (1621-1672) and
Edmund Waller (1606-1687).
17. John Donne was the leader and founder of the
Metaphysical school of poetry.
Donne’s poetry is intellectual in nature; it is replete
with witty conceits.
It is full of imagery, dramatic elements, directness of
speech and harsh rhythm.
His best known works are ‘The Progress of the Soul’,
‘An Anatomy of the World’, An Elegy’ and
‘Epithalamium’.
18. Donne’s poetry is characterized by intellect in which
emotions are fused. Donne passionately feels a
thought and experiences it intensely. That is why
T.S Eliot says:
“A thought to Donne was an experience
It modified his sensibility”
19. Combination of Thought and Feeling:
Metaphysical poetry is a blend of passion of and
thought. T.S Eliot thinks that:
“Passionate thinking is the chief mark of
Metaphysical poetry”
There is an intellectual analysis of emotion in Donne’s
poetry. Though every lyric arises out of some
emotional situation, the emotion is not merely
expressed, rather it is analyzed.
20. Donne’ poem ‘A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning’
proves that lovers need not mourn at parting. For
instance:
“So let us melt, and make no noise,
No tear-floods, nor sigh tempests move,
‘Twere profanation of our joys
To tell the laity our love”
21. The major quality of Metaphysical poetry is
combination of thought and feeling.
And Donne is the master of presenting together
different objects which have a remote similarity
between them.
He connects the abstracts with concrete, the remote
with the near and the physical with the commonplace.
22. In “The Sun Rising” Donne considers his beloved the
centre of the universe.
This feeling is conveyed by making the sun revolve
round their room:
“Shine here to us, and thou art everywhere;
This bed thy center is, these walls thy sphere”
23. In Donne’s Metaphysical poetry emotions are shaped
by logical reasoning.
According to Grierson in Metaphysical poetry:
“Exhibited deductive reasoning carried to a high
pitch”
Donne’s poetry expresses his extensive learning. He
was well-versed in medieval sciences. Logic, theology,
law and medicine were at his command. His mobile
imagination could draw images from almost every field
24. Metaphysical Conceits:
Fondness for conceits is one of major characteristic of
Metaphysical poetry.
Donne makes use of the daring imagery or Metaphysical
conceits. His wit and conceits show his deep learning. The
range of his imagery is vast. He compares his face and the
face of his beloved to two hemispheres which make a globe
but the world they build together is superior to the earthly
globe.
In “Good Morrow” he says:
“My face in thine eye, thine in mine appears
Where can we find two better hemispheres”
25. Donne often uses fantastic comparisons.
The most striking and famous one used by Donne is the
comparison of a man who travels and his beloved who stays
at home to a pair of compasses in the poem
“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”
“If they be two, they are two so
As stiff twin compasses are two;
Thy soul, the fixed foot, makes no show
To move, but doth, if the other doe.
…………………………………………………….
Thy firmness makes my circle just”
26. Use of Wit:
John Donne is passionately witty and wittily
passionate. Leishman is impressed by Donne’s poetry
that he considers him “the monarch of wit”.
Carew says in his elegy on Donne:
“Here lies a king that ruled as he thought fit
The universal monarchy of wit………………….”
27. The finest illustration of Donne’s wit is “The Flea”,
“This flea is you and I and this
Our marriage bed, and marriage temple is”
In the poem “The Sun Rising” glorifying his beloved,
he employs Metaphysical wit and extravagant conceits.
Donne says:
“She is all states and, and all princes I
Nothing else is.”
28. Use of Colloquial Speech:
Use of colloquial speech is another element of Donne’s
Metaphysical poetry.
This is especially apparent in the abrupt, dramatic and
conversational opening many of his poems.
For instance, in the poem “The Canonization” He
says:
“For God’s sake hold thy tongue, and let me love.”
29. Argumentative Style:
Metaphysical poetry is a fusion of passionate feelings
and logical arguments.
Argumentative manner of speech is another element
of Donne’s poetry.
He often tries to prove his statements through solid
arguments.
Following are some examples from some poems.
30. Examples of Argumentative Style:
“If our two loves be one, or thou and I
Love so alike that none doe slacken, none can die.”
(The Good Morrow)
“If yet I have not all thy love,
Dear, I shall never have it all;
(Lover’s Infiniteness)
31. They who one another keep
Alive, never parted bee.”
(Sweetest love, I do not Go)
Since thou and I sigh one another’s breath,
Whoe’er sighes most is cruelest, and hastes the other’s death.”
(A Valediction: Of Weeping)
32. “Love mee, that I may die the gentler way;
Hate mee, because thy love is too great for mee;
…………………………………………………………………..
To let mee live, O love and hate mee too.”
(The Prohibition)
33. Paradoxes:
Donne’s poetry is replete with paradoxes and strange
contradictions. He is a great love poet.
Sometimes he is too blunt that he opposes, chides and
starts blaming and even cursing his beloved.
And on other hand, in flattery he left Petrarch behind.
It is because Donne is so passionate and whatever he
thinks he expresses, and it affects.
34. EXAMPLES OF PARADOXE:
In his song ‘Go and Catch a Falling Star’ Donne
claims:
“And swear
No where
Lives a woman true and fair,
Contradictory to this, he asserts in “The Sun Rising”:
“She is all states, and all princes I;
Nothing else is”
35. Similarly in his Song “Sweetest Love, I do not Go”
Donne says:
“That art the best of me”
In “The Relique” Donne says:
“All measure, and all language, I should passé,
Should I tell what a miracle she was.”
36. Affectation and Hyperbolic Expression:
Affectation and hyperbolic expression is another
characteristic of Metaphysical poetry.
It is often hard to find natural grace in metaphysical
writing, abounding in artificiality of thought and
hyperbolic expression.
37. The writer deemed to say:
“ Something unexpected and surprising, what
they wanted to sublime, they endeavored to
supply by hyperbole; their amplification had
no limit, they left not only reason but fancy
behind them and produced combination of
confused magnificence”
38. For instance, see the lines of
“A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning”:
“Our two souls therefore, which are one,
Though I must go, endure not yet
A breach, but an expansion,
Like gold to ayery thinnesse beat.”
39. Exaggeration is another important element of Donne’s
poetry.
This exaggeration appears to be cruel in its high
spiritedness. He says:
“Go and catch a falling star,
Get with child a mandrake root,
40. Style:
The last and most important feature of Donne’s
Metaphysical poetry is its language of style.
Donne uses simple and common language. Legouis says:
“He did not feel any necessity of mentioning
gods and goddesses in his poetry, he rejected
all the conventional and traditional poetic devices.”
On the whole, simple words are used unexpectedly. Though
diction is simple yet words are combined in unexpected
way and thus strange compound are formed.
41. Conclusion:
To sum up, Donne’s unconventional approach to love
and divine poetry, his combination of thought and
feeling and harsh versification make him a
Metaphysical poet. The lyrics of the Metaphysical
poems are fantastic and peculiar. According to
A.C Ward:
”The metaphysical style is a combination of two
elements, the fantastic form and style
and the incongruous in matter and manner”
42. Therefore, so far we discussed the salient features of
metaphysical poetry; it is proved that Donne is a great
metaphysical poet.
He likes this kind of poetry because it produces a
beautiful blend of the two i.e. heart and mind, religion
and love.
43. The contribution of Metaphysical poets to the English
literature is immense.
They show the spiritual and moral favour of Puritans
as well as the frank amorous tendency of Elizabethan.
Metaphysical poets gave us the best religious poetry.
In the field of love poetry, they gave different (cynical,
Platonic, Petrarchan and amorous) moods.
They gave colloquialism to verse.
They gave intellectuality to the English poetry.
