This document provides an overview of the history of comedy through different time periods and literary movements. It begins by defining comedy and describing various types, including comedy of manners, burlesque, romantic comedy, farce, black comedy, high comedy, low comedy, comedy of humors, and tragicomedy. It then examines the development of comedy in ancient Greece, English literature from Old English to the Renaissance, the Renaissance period focusing on Shakespeare and Jonson, the Commonwealth period, Restoration period, 18th century, 19th century highlighting Wilde and Shaw, and 20th century trends. It also briefly discusses comedy in American literature.
Drama its origin: growth & development by Suhail Ahmed SolangiSohail Ahmed Solangi
An effort to search the exact history of drama along with its development. This work also includes all the eras of English Literature with its link to Drama.
However, one presentation couldn't define a complete history of drama.
Thanks
Fielding: Tom Jones - Power Point PresentationShineLifeHeart
In the presentation:
1. Fielding's life and works
2. Tom Jones (Characteristics)
3. Tom Jones' genre (Bildungroman and picaresque novel)
4. Plot
5. Themes
6. A Text (from the book): The foundling (Characteristis)
ATTENTION, please read:
This is only a presentation with the main points, not all the reasearch is present in this.
If you are looking for a presentation with all the reasearches in it, this is not the right one.
Hope you like it.
Bye.
:)
Drama its origin: growth & development by Suhail Ahmed SolangiSohail Ahmed Solangi
An effort to search the exact history of drama along with its development. This work also includes all the eras of English Literature with its link to Drama.
However, one presentation couldn't define a complete history of drama.
Thanks
Fielding: Tom Jones - Power Point PresentationShineLifeHeart
In the presentation:
1. Fielding's life and works
2. Tom Jones (Characteristics)
3. Tom Jones' genre (Bildungroman and picaresque novel)
4. Plot
5. Themes
6. A Text (from the book): The foundling (Characteristis)
ATTENTION, please read:
This is only a presentation with the main points, not all the reasearch is present in this.
If you are looking for a presentation with all the reasearches in it, this is not the right one.
Hope you like it.
Bye.
:)
In my 3rd year in college, I was assigned to discuss in the class one of William Shakespeare's plays and I chose Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. It was in our English&American Literature class with Mr. D.A. Aragon. :)
The 1st part of the presentation is, of course, a short introduction of the playwright. (this is a super-duper late upload. haha)
In my 3rd year in college, I was assigned to discuss in the class one of William Shakespeare's plays and I chose Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. It was in our English&American Literature class with Mr. D.A. Aragon. :)
The 1st part of the presentation is, of course, a short introduction of the playwright. (this is a super-duper late upload. haha)
A presentation on Comedy.
Comedy is literary a type of dramatic work that is amusing, most have cheerful ending. It lives by the laughter of the audience, but it may become literature by some grace of form that carries the laughter from one generation to another.
Aristotle explained – Comedy is a concern with events and persons of less importance, and appealing to the sense of ludicrous
Dramas staged between 1660 and 1700 are called ‘Restoration Dramas’. The dramatic literature of the period was dominated by comedies called ‘Comedy of manners’. Actually ‘Restoration Comedy’ is used as a synonym for “Comedy of Manners”. The plot of the comedy, often concerned with scandal, was traditionally less important than its witty dialogues.
The comedy of manners was first developed in the new comedy of the Ancient Greek Playwright Menander. His style, elaborate plots, and stock characters were imitated by the Roman playwrights Plautus and Terence, whose comedies were widely known and copied during the Renaissance. The best-known comedies of manners, however, may well be those of the French playwright Moliere.
Oscar Wilde and William Congreve are the most celebrated authors of ‘Comedy of Manners’.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
1. CMEDY THRUGH THE AGES
Sohail Ahmed
M. Phil {English Literature}
Year-I, Semester-I
Acknowledge to
Prof. Dr. Asadullah Larik
Ph. D, University of Pennsylvania, USA, Postdoc. (Calif.) USA
Benazir Bhutto Shaheed University
Lyari, Karachi.
2. Outline
Term Comedy
Types Comedy
Comedy in Ancient Greece
Comedy from old English to Early Renaissance Period
Comedy in Renaissance Period
Comedy in Common Wealth Period
Comedy in Restoration Period
Comedy in 18th Century
Comedy in 19th Century
2
Sohail Ahmed
3. Comedy
Comedy (from the Greek: kōmōidía or Komos which means Revel or Merry making) .
In the contemporary meaning of the term, is any discourse or work generally intended to be humorous or to amuse by inducing laughter.
3
Sohail Ahmed
4. Types Comedy
Following are some types of Comedy
Comedy of Manners:
Verbal wit, skillful use of language to elicit humor from ordinary situations
Passionate plotting among upper classes
Comedy of clever speech and witty language
Burlesque:
Extremely extravagant.
Characters are now actors playing and messing around at characters. No longer illusion or reality.
Audience members can be included in the humour or jokes.
4
Sohail Ahmed
5. Types Comedy (cont…..)
Romantic Comedy
Commonly found in modern comedy.
These comedies are made as real and down to earth as possible and the plays often involve adventure.
Unlike comedy of manners, the humour is derived from the characters and their situations. These comedies traditionally have happy endings.
5
Sohail Ahmed
6. Types Comedy (cont…..)
Farce
Humour is derived from the situation.
The more extreme or impossible the situation is,
the more hilarious it is.
Black Comedy
Comedy often associated with extremely absurd situations and very non-dramatic. Scenes of death and violence are introduced casually and carelessly.
Sometimes called a tragic farce because it deals with unhappy situations that make people uncomfortable yet induce laughter from them.
Sohail Ahmed
6
7. Types Comedy (cont…..)
High Comedy:
Comedy dealing with polite society, characterized by sophisticated, witty dialogue and an complicated plot.
Low Comedy:
Comedy that depends on physical action, broadly humorous or farcical situations, and often bawdy or vulgar jokes.
Sohail Ahmed
7
8. Types Comedy (cont…..)
Comedy of Humours: (became famous in 16th & 17th C)
It presents humour character whose actions were ruled by a particular passion, trait, disposition or Humour (in term of Medieval and Renaissance theory of Humours)
Comedy of Ideas:
Characters argue about ideas
Characters use wit and clever language to mock/tease
8
Sohail Ahmed
10. Types Comedy (cont…..)
Tragicomedy :
is a literary genre that blends aspects of both tragic and comic forms. the term can variously describe either a tragic play which contains enough comic elements to lighten the overall mood or, often, a serious play with a happy ending.
Satirical Comedy:
The use of irony, sarcasm, ridicule, or in exposing, denouncing, or deriding vice, folly, etc.
Sohail Ahmed
10
11. Comedy in Ancient Greece
Comedy is conventionally divided into three periods, Old Comedy, Middle Comedy, and New Comedy.
The most important Old Comic dramatist is Aristophanes, whose works, with their strong political satire and abundance of sexual and scatological implication, effectively define the genre today.
Aristophanes, (c. 446 BC – c. 386 BC) also known as the Father of Comedy, and the Prince of Ancient Comedy.
The first official comedy at the City Dionysia.
Menander (341/42– c. 290 BC) was a Greek dramatist and the best- known representative of Athenian New Comedy. He was the author of more than a hundred comedies, and took the prize at the Lenaia festival eight times
Sohail Ahmed
11
12. Comedy from old English to Early Renaissance Period
We didn’t see much work on comedy in Old English Period.
Suprisingly Chaucer used word Comedy(comedye ) only once in his w ork.
Comedy as poem, sad start and happy ending.
Sohail Ahmed
12
13. Comedy in Renaissance Period
Ralf Roister Doister (c.1553 ) by Nicholas Udall is considered is First English dramatic comedy .
Two major writers of Comedy between c.1590 and 1630 in England were Shakespeare and Ben Jonson.
Sohail Ahmed
13
14. Comedy in Renaissance Period { Shakespeare}
Shakespeare’s early experiments were The Comdey of Errors (1590) , The taming of the shrew (1594) .
The taming of the shrew was 80% in prose style , was chosen medium onwards.
A midsummer Night’s Dream(c. 1595-6) and the Merchant of Venice (c.1596) were the romantic comdies.
Much Ado About Noting (c.1598) was comedy of manners.
Twilfth Night & The Tempest are the finest examples of Romantic comdies by Shakespeare.
Sohail Ahmed
14
15. Comedy in Renaissance Period { Shakespeare}
Shakespeare’s later comdies were darker comdies called as Tragi -comedy.
All’s Well that End’s Well (c. 1602-3)
Measure for Measure (c.1604)
The Winter’s Tale (c.1609-10)
Cymbeline (c. 1610)
Shakespeare also include comedy elmments in History Plays.
Sohail Ahmed
15
16. Comedy in Renaissance Period { Ben Jonson}
Renaissance theory about the nature and function of comedy is borne out in the practice of Ben Jonson.
His men works in the genre of comedy were
Every man in his Humour (1598)
Every man out of his humour ((1599)
Cynthia’s Revels (1601)
Volpone (1606)
The Alchemist (1610)
Sohail Ahmed
16
17. Comedy in Common Wealth Period
In this peiod , like other forms of Drama comedy was not produced in England.
Moliere an immensive play writer from France wrote classical satire plays like Ben jonson.
Don Juan (1665) was one of his best work .
Sohail Ahmed
17
18. Comedy in Restoration Period
Restoration comedy kept English Theater alive
There were five outstanding writers
1.Sir George therege (1664-1726)
2.William Wycherly (1640-1729)
3.Sir John Vanburgh (1664-1726)
4.William Congreve (1670-1729)
5.George Farquhar (1678-1707)
What they wrote was predominantly comedy of manners .
Sohail Ahmed
18
19. Comedy in 18th Century
Jonathan Swift, his most work reported as satirical .
Gulliver's Travels(1726).
Later half of 18th century , there ere two great Irsih writers , who wrote outstanding plays comined some elments of comedyof manners , satirical and sentimental comedy. They were Goldsmith and Sheridan .
Sohail Ahmed
19
20. Comedy in 19th Century
In general, during th 19th c. Farce proved the most popular dramatic form of comedy.
Oscar Wilde revived comedy of manners
Wilde’s most distinctive and engaging plays are the four comedies;
1.Lady Windermere’s Fan
2. An Ideal Husband,
3.A Woman of No Importance
4. The Importance of Being Earnest.
Sohail Ahmed
20
21. Comedy in 19th Century
In same period George Bernard Shaw broke up and became hulk of theatre.
His plays showed wide range comedies but one sort of another.
His majors are:
Pygmalion
Herat Breaker House
Major Barbara
Candida
Arms And Man
Man And Superman
Sohail Ahmed
21
22. Comedy in 20th Century
The 20th c. has witnessed a number of distinct trends in comedy.
These include the sophisticated and witty comedy of manners, by
Noel Coward,
S. N. Behrman,
Philip Barry and others;
the romantic comic fantasy of such playwrights as
James M. Barrie and Jean Giraudoux
Samuel Beckett was most famous among them.
Sohail Ahmed
22
23. Comedy in American Literature
Sohail Ahmed
23
The earliest example of deliberate, skillful and sustained comedy and satire in American literature is 1637's "New English Canaan" by Thomas Morton.
Another candidate for the 'founding father‘ of American humor are Mark Twain and the man Ernest Hemingway credits with the invention of American literature.
24. References
Britannica, T. E. (2014, October 20). http://www.britannica.com/. Retrieved from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic
Cuddon, J. (1996). Literary Terms and Literary Theory . Middlesex: Penguin Books ltd .
Legouis, E. (1990). A Short History of English Literature . New York: Oxford University Press.
WikiPedia. (2014, october 21). Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_humor
Sohail Ahmed
24