Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 75th issue, published on September, 2015.

1. @)!% ;]K6]Da/
jif{ ^ c+s &%
o; c+sdf s] s] <
(What is inside ?)
à cfk|jf;Lsf rlr{t sDkgL=========!
(Popular companies of immigrants)
à gful/s k/LIffsf] c+u|]hL !=======#
(English section of Civic Test 1)
à :gfo' k|0ffnLsf c+u==================$
(Organs of nervous system)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb $#==========$
(Most common Eng. words 43)
cfk|jf;Lsf rlr{t
cd]l/sL sDkgL
5cf}+
jflif{sf]T;j
cfk|jf;L tL JolQmx¿ x'g, hf]
cfˆgf] / cfˆgf gfgLx¿sf]
pHHjn eljiosf] vf]hLdf
csf]{ b]zdf a;fOF ;5{g .
;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3 (UNO) sf
cg';f/ ;+;f/df clxn] @#
s/f]8 @) nfv cfk|jf;L (mi-
grants) 5g, h;n]
cd]l/sf / cGo b]zsf]
cy{tGqdf xfdLn] ;f]r]eGbf w]/}
7"nf] nfe k'¥ofPsf 5g .
o;sf s]xL k|df0fx¿ 5g .
Oltxf; ;fIfL 5 . s]xL tYoM
à xfe{8{ lalhg]; :s"n (Har-
vard Business School) sf] Ps
cWoog k|ltj]bg eG5,
…oxfFsf /}yfg] cd]l/sLeGbf
a9L cfk|jf;Ln] oxfF cfljisf/–
sf] k"0f{ clwsf/ btf{ (patents)
u5{g .Ú
à cfk|jf;Ln] !) dWo] # gofF
sDkgLx¿ z'¿ u/]sf 5g .
à cfk|jf;Ln] w]/} :jrflnt
oGq tyf PKk; (Apps) x¿sf]
cfljisf/ tyf ljsf; u/]sf
5g, hf] ;+;f/e/ rnfOG5 .
HjnGt pbfx/0fx¿
rlr{t s]xL sDkgL /
kmfObfhgs Jofkf/sf] z'¿jft
cfk|jf;Ln] u/]sf 5g .
xfdLn] PKknsf ;x–;+:yfks
l:6e hA; (Steve Jobs)
nfO{ la;{g' x'Gg, hf] l;l/ofnL
Source:SergeyBrin’sGooglePluspage
u'un (Google) sf Ps ;+:yfks ;uL{ la|g (Sergey Brin), pgL ¿;af6 cd]l/sf cfPsf x'g

2. @
@)!%;]K6]Da/,jif{^c+s&%
cfk|jf;Lsf ;'k'q x'g'–
x'GYof] . Png d:s (Elon
Musk), hf] blIf0f clk|msfsf
x'g'x'G5, 6]:nf df]6;{ (Tesla
Motors) sf ;+:yfksdWo] Ps
xf] . u'unsf ;x–;+:yfks ;uL{
la|g ¿;L d"nsf x'g'x'G5 .
Pl6Pg6L (AT&T) gfds
;'ljVoft 6]lnkmf]g sDkgLsf]
Oltxf; s]nfpFbf ;g !*&%
Jofkfl/s sDkgL a]nfotLx?n]
:yfkgf ug'{ePsf] xf] . of]
df k'luG5, hlta]nf
cn]Sh]G8/ u|fxd a]n (Alexan-
der Graham Bell) n]
6]lnkmf]g kQfnufpg' ePsf]
lyof] / To;sf] ;jf{lwsf/
k|fKt ug'{ePsf] lyof] . pxfF
:s6Nof08 (Scotland) af6
cfpg'ePsf] lyof] .
uf]N8Dofg :ofS; (Goldman
Sachs) gfds jLlQo sDkgLsf]
:yfkgf hd{gLaf6 cfPsf
dfs{; uf]N8Dofg (Marcus
Goldman) n] ;g !*^( df
Go'of]s{df ug'{ePsf] lyof] . of]
kfOg l:6«6sf] Pp6f sf]7fdf
:yfkgf ul/Psf] lyof] .
O–a] (eBay) gfds Jofkfl/s
sDkgLsf] :yfkgf k|mfG;]nL
d"nsf lko/ cf]ld8of/ (Pierre
Omidyar) n] ug{'ePsf] xf] .
/]l8of]:ofs (RadioShack)
gfds ljB'tLo pks/0fx?sf]
lyof]8f]/ 8:rDofg (Theo-
dore Deutschmann) /
ldN6g 8:rDofg (Milton
Deutschmann) n] ;g !(@!
df af]:6g, Dof;fRo';]6;df
:yfkgf ug'{ePsf] xf] .
sf]xN; (Kohl’s) gfds
sk8f cflb a]Rg] sDkgLsf]
:yfkgf kf]NofG8af6 cfPsf
DofS;j]n sf]xn (Maxwell
Kohl) n] ;g !(#) sf]
bzsdf ug'{ePsf] xf] .
sdsf:6 (COMCAST)
h'Qf (shoe) eGg hfGg'x'GYof] .
gf]8{:6«d (Nordstrom) gfds
sk8f cflbsf] laqm]tf hf]g P=
sf] :yfkgf 8oflgon P/f]g
(Daniel Aaron) n] ug'{ePsf]
xf] . hd{g d"nsf kqsf/sf
?kdf sfd ug]{ P/f]gn] s]a'n
sDkgLsf] ;dfrf/ tof/ kfbf{
o;sf] wf/0ff kfPsf x'g .
lau n6; (Big Lots!)
v'b|f–laqm]tfsf] :yfkgf ;g
!(^& df df]6/sf kf6{; a]Rg]
k;nsf ?kdf ePsf] lyof] .
o;sf] :yfkgf ;f]n z]Gs (Sol
Shenk) n] ug'{ePsf] xf] . pxfF
?;L d"nsf x'g'x'G5 .
ofx' Û (Yahoo!) gfds rlr{t
OG6/g]6 sDkgL tfOjfg
(Taiwan) sf h]/L ofª (Jerry
Yang) n] ug'{ePsf] xf] . pxfF
!) jif{sf] x'Fbf;Dd c+u|]hLdf
gf]8{:6«d (John W. Nord-
strom) x'g'x'G5 . pxfF :jL8]g
(Sweden) sf x'g'x'GYof] / To;
sDkgLsf] :yfkgf ;g !**&
df ug'{ePsf] xf], To;a]nf pxfF
!^ jif{sf x'g'x'GYof] / uf]hLdf
% 8n/ lyof] .
sf]nu]6 (Colgate) gfds
sDkgL ;a}n] lrg]sf] xf],
h;sf] :yfkgf ;g !*)^
df a]nfotsf ljlnod sf]nu]6
(William Colgate) n] ug'{ePsf]
xf] .
kmnkm"naf6 /; agfpg]
klxnf] ljB'tLo An]G8/ (electric
blender) agfpg] JolQm
l:6km]g kf]Knfj:sL (Stephen
Poplawski), hf] kf]Nof08
(Poland) x'g'x'G5 . An]G8/sf]
Jofkf/ &* s/f]8 $) nfv
8n/ 5 . z'¿jftL le8Lof]
u]D; (video games) sf
hGdbftf hd{gLsf /fNkm a]o/
(Ralph Baer) x'g'x'G5 . le8Lof]
u]D;sf] Jofkf/ ^^ ca{ 8n/
5 .
/, o:tf c? w]/} pbfx/0f
5g .
dft[e"dLnfO{ ;DemG5g
cfk|jf;Ln] dft[e"dLnfO{ 7"nf]
of]ubfg lbG5g . w]/}n] k};f
sdfP/ dft[e"dL k7fpF5g . of]
/sd ljZje/sf] j}b]lzs
cfly{s ;xfotfeGbf w]/} u'0ff
a9L xf] .
cd]l/sL hg;+Vof #! s/f]8
&) nfv 5, h;df $ s/f]8
!) nfv jf !) dWo] ! eGbf
a9L cfk|jf;L 5g .

3. #@)!%;]K6]Da/,jif{^c+s&%
c+u|]hL–efêfsf] k/LIff, efu !
gful/stf k/LIff (Civic Test)
df ;xefuL x'Fbf tkfO{+;Fu
c+u|]hL–efiffsf] 1fg s] slt 5
eg]/ klg hfFlrG5 .
c+u|]hL–efiff1fgsf] tof/Lsf
nflu cIfl/sfn] o; c+sb]lv
gful/stf k/LIffsf] k':tsaf6
c+u|]hL hfFr (English Test) sf]
c+z cg'jfb ug{ yfn]sf]
5 . o;nfO{ ljleGg c+sdf
lb+b} hfg]5f}+ .
c+u|]hL hfFr
(English Test)
• •
o; k/LIffdf tLg c+z 5gM
jfrg (speaking), k7g (read-
ing), / n]vg (writ-
ing) . k/LIffsf nflu agfOPsf]
sfg'gcg';f/ k/LIffyL{n],
…c+u|]hLsf] n]vg, jfrg /
k7g;lxt ===== ;fdfGo zAb
(word) tyf jfSof+zx¿
(phrases) ======= c+u|]hL efiffsf]
;fdfGo k|of]u ==== ;lxt
c+u|]hL efiff a'‰g'k5{Ú . o;sf]
cy{ xf], gful/s agfpg] k|lqmof
(naturalization) sf nflu
of]Uo x'g tkfO{+n] c+u|]hLdf
n]vg, jfrg / k7gsf]
cfwf/e"t 1fg xfl;n u/]sf]
x'g'k5{ .
s]xL ckjfbafx]s cfj]bssf
?kdf tkfO{+n] oL tLg} k|sf/–
sf k/LIffx¿ pQL0f{ -kf;_
ug{'k5{, tL ckjfb oL x'gM %)
jif{eGbf a9L pd]/sf JolQm
tyf gful/s agfpg] k|lqmofsf]
cfj]bg, kmf/d g+= $)) (Ap-
plication for Naturalization,
Form - 400) a'emfpg] a]nf;Dd
slDtdf @) jif{ :yfoL
a;f]jf; u/]sf] JolQm, %%
jif{sf] pd]/ ePsf] jf gful/s
agfpg] cfj]bg, kmf/d g+= $))
a'emfpg] ;do;Dd slDtdf !%
jif{ :yfoL a;f]jf;
u/]sf] JolQm jf, / s'g} JolQm
hf] zf/Ll/s ¿kdf jf pkrf/
åf/f ePsf] czQmtfsf nflu
d]l8sn k|df0f–kq kmf/d g+=
^$* (Medical Certification
for Disability Exceptions,
Form N-648) åf/f zf/Ll/s
tyf pkrf/ k|lqmofsf sf/0f
czQm k|dfl0ft ul/Psf]
JolQm .
jfrgsf] efu
(Speaking Portion)
o'P;l;cfOP; (USCIS;
United States Citizenship and
Immigration Services) sf
sd{rf/Ln] tkfO{+n] gful/s
agfpg] k|lqmof cfj]bg, kmf/d
g+= $)) lbPkl5 gful/s
x'g] of]Uotf hfFRg lng]
cGtjf{tf{af6 tkfO{+sf] c+u|]hL
jfrg Ifdtf lgwf{/0f u5{g .
k7gsf] efu
(Reading Portion)
tkfO{+nfO{ k9g lbOg]
x/]s c+zdf tLg -#_ eGbf w]/}
jfSox¿ x'g] 5}gg . tkfO{+n]
tL tLg -#_ dWo]af6 c+u|]hLdf
cfˆgf] k9g] bIftf b]vfpg
sd;]sd Pp6f -!_ jfSo
k9g}k5{ . tkfO{+nfO{ tof/Ldf
;xfotf ug{ o'P;l;cfOP;af6
k|sflzt gful/s agfpg]
k|lqmofsf] k/LIffsf] c+u|]hL
k9g] efusf nflu rflxg] ;a}
zAbx¿sf] ;"rL tn lbOPsf]
5 . ljifoj:t' gful/s zf:q
(civics) / Oltxf; (History)
;Fu ;DalGwt x'g]5 .
dflg;x¿ (People)
▪ ca|fxd lnÍg
(Abraham Lincoln)
▪ hh{ jfl;Ë6g
(George Washington)
qmdzM

4. Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com
$
@)!%;]K6]Da/,jif{^c+s&%
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
gofF cleefjs
of] c+sb]lv cIfl/sfn] gofF
cleefjs kfPsf] 5 .
o;sf] syf o:tf] 5 .
cd]l/sfdf a:g] g]kfnL–efifL–
nfO{ lzIff, hfgsf/L, xf};nf
lbg] / ;Ifd agfpg]
p2]]Zo;lxt k|sfzg
yflnPsf] cIfl/sf P;= PG8 6L=
sDo'lgs];G;, Dofgr]:6/ -Go'
XofD;/_ n] :jo+;]jL k|of;sf
?kdf !%–!% lbgdf k|sflzt
ub{Yof] . ;g @)!) cu:tdf
o;sf] klxnf] c+s lgl:sof] .
;g @)!! cS6f]a/b]lv o;nfO{
dlxgf–dlxgfdf lgsfNg
yflnof] . ;g @)!! l8;]Da/
df …1fg Hof]lt s]Gb|Ú :yfkgf
ePkl5 o;sf] k|sfzg /
ljt/0fsf] lhDd]jf/L pSt
s]Gb|n] lnof] .
of] kfFr jif{sf]
cjlwdf k'Ubf gk'Ub} ;g @)!%
cu:taf6 gofF cleefjs
kfPsf] 5, e"6lgh sDo'lg6L
ckm Go' XofD;/ .
h'g 5ftf cf]8] klg
p2]Zo ablnPsf] 5}g .
tkfO{+nfO{ la;]{sf] 5}g .
wGojfb
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 43
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 lqrfnL;f}+ ;"rL -efu $#_
• comment :
gfd– 6Lsf, l6Kk0fL, JofVof,
6Lsf l6Kk0fL, rrf{, ;dfnf]rgf,
syg, /fo, dt, ljrf/, ;dLIff,
ljj]rgf .
lqmof– 6Lsf l6Kk0fL ug'{,
ljrf/ /fVg', rrf{ ug{', dt
k|s6 ug'{, ;dfnf]rgf ug'{,
JofVof ug'{, dGtJo lbg', efio
lbg' .
• commercial :
ljz]if0f– Jofkfl/s, jfl0flHos,
jfl0fHo;DaGwL, Jofkf/;DaGwL,
;fwf/0f, ljz]if Wofg lbP/
gagfPsf], u'0fnfO{ Wofg
glbPsf] .
gfd– /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehgdf
ul/g] Jofkfl/s lj1fkg .
• commission :
gfd– cfof]u, lgof]u, sfo{ef/,
cf1f, ljz]if sfo{ ug{ lbPsf]
clwsf/, ;'lDkPsf] sfd, st{Jo,
;]gfdf lgo'lStsf] cfb]z,
lgo'lSt kq, b:t'/L, bnfnL .
lqmof– clwsf/ lbg', cfo'St
agfpg' jf aGg', sf/vfgf
rfn' ug'{ jf x'g', s'g} sfd
ug{ cfjZos cfb]z lbg', sfd
;'lDkg' .
• commit :
lqmof– a'emfpg', ug{' -vf;u/L
ck/fw, v/fa s'/f_, cfefl/t
ug{', rnfg ug{' -d'2fsf]
lglDt_, kIf lng', -s]xL s'/f]–
df_ cfkm"nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg',
;'Dkg', ;dfb]z lbg', lhDdf
lbg', jrga4 x'g' jf u/fpg',
cGtu{t ug'{ .
• commitment :
gfd– jrga4tf, jrgaGwg,
;'k'b{uL, s}bsf] cfb]z, ug{
c7f]6 u/]sf] s'/f, lu/ˆtf/L,
s/f/gfdf, bfloTj, cg'dflgt
Joo .
• committee :
gfd– ;ldlt, sld6L .
• common :
gfd– ;fj{hlgs, ;femf, ;fbf,
ef/]e'/], ;dfg, peolgi‍7,
n/t/f], rfgr'g, dfd'nL, ;'ne,
;defuL, v}/ft], ;fwf/0f,
;fd"lxs, dfd'nL, ;dfg ?kdf
ljBdfg, ;j{lgi7, ;femfsf],
rfn', k|rlnt, e/df/ .
ljz]if0f– ;fj{hlgs :yn,
5fqfjf; cflbdf 7"nf]
hdftnfO{ agfOPsf] ;fwf/0f
vfgf .
• commonly :
ljz]if0f– ;fwf/0ftof, ;fdfGo
?kn], ;dfGotM, lgDgtM, ;dfg
tl/sfaf6 .
• communicate :
lqmof– va/ lbg', atfpg',
n]lvk7fpg', ;Gb]z lbg',
n]vfk9L ug{', ;Dks{ /fVg',
;DaGw :yfkgf ug'{, ;~rf/
ug'{, efjgf JoSt ug'{, kqfrf/
ug'{ .
• communication :
gfd– ;+jfb, ;~rf/, ;+;"rgf,
va/, ;"rgf, ;~rf/0f, x's"d,
;+jfbjxg, kq Jojxf/,
;Gb]z, k/:k/ ;~rf/,
cfjudg, oftfoft, ;dfb]z .
• community :
gfd– ;dfh, ;d'bfo, :jefjsf]
P]So, ;fd"lxs k|e'Tj, ju{
;Dk|bfo, uf]i‍7L, ;dfgtf .
ljz]if0f– juL{o, ;fDk|bflos .
qmdzM
lrlsT;sLo zAbx¿
:gfo' k|0ffnL z/L/sf :gfo' sf]if tyf /]zfx?sf]
;~hfnnfO{ :gfo' k|0ffnL (Nervous
System) elgG5, h;n] :gfo'sf
rfn÷;+j]bgfx?nfO{ z/L/sf ljleGg
c+udf k'¥ofpF5 . o;k6s o;sf
d'Vo efusf gfd lbOPsf] 5M
à s]lGb|o :gfo' k|0ffnL (central
nervous system) .
à kl/lw:y :gfo' k|0ffnL (Periph-
eral nervous system) .
à dl:tis (Brain) .
à ;'if'Dgf gf8L (Spinal Cord) .
à ;+j]bL :gfo'x? (Sensory Nerves).
à k|]/s :gfo'x? (Motor Nerves) .