Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 78th issue, published on December, 2015.

1. @)!% l8;]Da/
jif{ ^ c+s &*
o; c+sdf s] s] <
(What is inside ?)
à ljB'tLo kmf]xf]/=============================!
(e-Waste)
à gful/s k/LIffsf] c+u|]hL $=======#
(English section of Civic Test 4)
à df+;k]zL k|0ffnL==========================$
(Muscular system)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb $^==========$
(Most common Eng. words 46)
ljB'tLo kmf]xf]/sf] ;d:of
sxf“ kmfNg'k5{ t <
6]lnlehg, sDKo'6/, lk|G6/
/ oL;Fu ;DalGwt tyf o:tf
ljB'tLo ;fdu|L, h;nfO{
oyf]lrt Joj:yfkg gubf{
jftfj/l0fo tyf :jf:Yo
;d:of lgDTofpF5g, nfO{
O–j]:6 (e-Waste) elgG5 .
o:tf pks/0fdf k|z:t dfqfdf
xfd|f] :jf:Yodf c;/
ug]{ /;fogM lz;f, kf/f] (Mer-
cury) / x]S;fe]n]G6 qmf]ldod
(Hexavalent Chromium) cflb
x'G5g . o:tf ;fdu|Lsf]
oyf]lrt lj;h{g ug{ ;lsPg
eg] To:tf /;fogn] hldg x'Fb}
hldgd'lgsf] kfgL / jfo'nfO{
c;/ ug{ ;S5g .
tkfO{+ k'/fgf ljB'tLo ;fdu|L
(electronic equipment) x?sf]
k|of]u ug{ rfxg'x'Gg jf rNg
g;Sg] eP eg] o;f] ug{
;Sg'x'G5M
ljB'tLo ;fdu|L / kmf]xf]/ leGg
tkfO{+sf] /fHodf o:tf ;fdfg
kmf]xf]/df ˆofFSg ldNg] eP
klg k'/fgf ljB'tLo ;fdfg
jf Aofl6«x? c? kmf]xf]/;Fu}
gˆofFSg'xf]; . o:tf ;fdfgdf
ePsf ljiffn' /;fog c?
AnushkaKoirala
kmf]xf]/ ˆofFSg] 7fpFsf nflu
xf]Ogg .
;Dej eP;Dd bfg ug'{xf];
;fdfg k'/fgf] dfq xf], t/
rN5 eg] cln ljZjfl;nf]
sDkgLnfO{ bfgsf ?kdf
lbg'xf]; . pgLx?n] c?nfO
lbg' kbf{ lau|]÷eTs]sf] lbFb}–
gg . agfP/ dfq
lbG5g . o:tf ;+:yfx?df
g];gn lqml:6gf kmfpG8];g
-National Cristina Founda-

2. @
@)!%l8;]Da/,jif{^c+s&*
Ω Ω
k'/fgf sDKo'6/ cflb ;fdfg
hxfFtxLF kmfNg' /fd|f]
xf]Og . lhDd]jf/ ;+:yf
vf]Hg' /fd|f] xf] . t/
sDKo'6/ ofFSbf o;df
ePsf ;fdu|LM sfuhft,
kmf]6f cflb csf]{df ;fg]{ /
k'/} cfkmgf] sDKo'6/ d]6g
eg] gla;{g'xf]; .
Ω ΩlxpFsf] y'k|f]dfly yf]qf 6]lnlehg . s;sf] lhDd]jf/L <
k'/fgf kmf]g a]Rg
;lsG5
df]afOn kmf]g lkmtf{ lnP/
k};f lbg] s]xL a]j;fO6
oL x'gM
!= u]hn 86 sd (Gazelle.
com),
@= dfO6«f]lgS; 86 sd
(MyTronics.com),
#= u]hn 86 sd (Next-
Worth.com),
$= PDofhf]g 6«]8–Og (Ama-
zon Trade-in) cflb .
o:tf j]a;fO6df cfˆgf]
;fdfgsf] ;xL cj:yf
n]Vg'xf]; . #) ;]s]G8df
slt k};f kfOG5 yfxf
x'G5 .
Aksharica
tion_, jN8{ sDKo'6/ PS:r]Gh
-World Computer Exchange_
x'g . To;}n] ;Dej eP;Dd
bfg lbg'xf]; .
k'gM k|of]u ug]{ lgsfo
/fHosf] k'gM k|of]u ug]{
lhDd]jf/ ;+:yf÷lgsfo
vf]Hg'xf]; . c+u|]hLdf o;nfO{
O–:6]jf8{ (e-Steward) elgG5,
h;sf] cy{ ljB'tLo ;fdfgsf]
k|aGws xf] . o:tf lgsfo
jf Joj;foLn] k'/fgf ;fdfg–
sf] Joj:yfkg u5{g . s'g}
ljB'tLo ;fdfg Tolt k'/fgf]
klg ePsf] 5}g jf lau|]–
eTs]sf] klg 5}g eg]
O–:6]jf8{ vf]Hg'xf]; .
b]ze/sf O–:6]jf8{sf] ;+:yf
x'G5 / pgLx?sf] lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{
sfd u5{g . pgLx?n] o:tf
;fdfgsf] k'gMk|of]u u5{g /
aGg ;Sg] ;fdfg t agfP/
a]R5g .
/fHodf O–:6]jf8{ 5}gg
/fHodf O–:6]jf8{ 5}gg eg]
;fdfg agfpg] sDkgLn] lkmtf{
lng] sfo{qmdcGtu{t lkmtf{
k7fpg'xf]; . sltkon] lkmtf{
lnG5g eGg] yfxf gx'g
;S5 . s;}n] lkmtf{ dfq
lnG5g eg] s;}n] k};f g}
lbG5g .
;lhn} lhDdf lng] sf]xL ePg
olt ubf{ klg s'g} lhDd]jf/
;+:yf km]nf k/]g eg] :yfgLo
v'b|f bf]sfgx?n] lnG5g
ls < h:tf] M :6]kN; (Staples)
n] ljB'tLo ;fdfg lkmtf{ lnG5,
h:tf]M PrkL (HP) gfds
sDKo'6/ sDklg;Fu ldn]/
PrkLsf pTkfbg lkmtf{
lnG5 . :6]kN;n] 6]lnlehg jf
uLt ahfpFbf k|of]u x'g] ;fdfg
lnFb}g . Pshgf u|fxsn]
lbgdf ^ j6f;Dd ;fdfg lkmtf{
ug{ ;S5g . :6]kN; klg
Pp6f O–:6]jf8{ xf] .
a]:6 afO{ (Best Buy)
n] cfˆgf ;a} zfvfdf #@
OGr;Ddsf 6]lnlehg–
nufotsf pks/0fx? lkmtf{
lnG5 . o:tf ;fdfgx?df eg]
efG;fdf k|of]u x'g] pks/0f
lkmtf{ x'Fb}gg .
df]afOn kmf]gsf] k'gM k|of]u
df]afOn kmf]gsf] k'gM
k|of]u ;lhnf] 5 . k'gMk|of]u
ug]{ w]/} ;+:yfn] x'nfsdfkm{t
o:tf ;fdfg lnG5g,
h:tf]M SkfK:6g jfo/n];
(Capstone Wireless) nfO{
k'/fgf kmf]g o'lkP; (UPS)
dfkm{t k7fpFbf k};f kb}{g .
tkfO{+sf] df]afOn /fd|f] /x]5
eg] k};f klg kfpg
;Sg'x'G5 . To:t}
sn6'l/;fOsn (Call2Recycle)
n] rfh{ ug{ ldNg] Aofl6« /
k'/fgf df]afOn kmf]g lkmtf{
lnG5 . cfkm" a;]glhs} o;sf]
zfvf sxfF 5g sDKo'6/sf
dfWodn] km]nf kfg{ ;lsG5 .
ljz]if sfo{qmd
s'g} /fHon] s'g} vf;
lbg tf]s]sf] 7fpFdf o:tf
ljB'tLo pks/0fx? ˆofFSg
;"rgf u5{g . o:tf ;"rgf
l;6L -gu/_ jf ufpF -6fpg_
clkm;n] hf/L u5{g . Wofg
lbg'xf]; .
sDKo'6/, Sofd/f, df]afOn
ˆofFSbf o;df ePsf ;fdu|LM
sfuhft, kmf]6f cflb
csf]{df sDKo'6/ jf l8:sdf
;fg]{ / cfˆgf] sDKo'6/ k"/}
d]6g eg] gla;{g'xf]; .

3. #@)!%l8;]Da/,jif{^c+s&*
c+u|]hL–efêfsf] k/LIff, efu $
gful/stf k/LIff (Civic
Test) df ;xefuL x'Fbf
tkfO{+;Fu c+u|]hL–efiffsf]
1fg s] slt 5 eg]/
hfFlrG5 .
c+u|]hL–efiff1fgsf
nflu cIfl/sfn]
gful/stf lng]] k/LIffsf]
k':tsaf6 c+u|]hL hfFr (Eng-
lish Test) sf] c+z cg'jfb
ub}{ cfPsf] 5 . o; c+sdf
xfd|f] rf}yf] c+zM
• •
n]vgsf] efu
(Writing Portion)
x/]s n]Vg] hfFrdf tkfO{+n] tLg
-#_ eGbf w]/} jfSo n]Vg'kg]{
5}g . c+u|]hLdf n]Vg ;Sg]
Ifdtf b]vfpg tLg -#_ dWo]
tkfO{+n] Ps -!_ jfSo z'4
n]v]/ b]vfpg'k5{ . tkfO{+nfO{
gful/stf k/LIffsf] n]vg
c+zsf nflu ;xfotf k'uf];
eg]/ o'P;l;cfOP;n] ;a}
zAbsf] ;"rL lgsfn]sf] 5 .
ljifoj:t' gful/s–zf:q (civ-
ics) / Oltxf; (history) df
s]lGb|t 5g .
dflg;x¿
(People)
▪ P8D;
(Adams)
▪ lnÍg
(Lincoln)
▪ jflzË6g
(Washington)
gful/s zf:q
(Civics)
▪ cd]l/sg OlG8ogx¿
(American Indians)
▪ /fhwfgL
(capital)
▪ gful/sx¿
(citizens)
▪ u[xo'4
(Civil War)
▪ s+u|];
(Congress)
▪ xfd|f] b]zsf /fi6«lktf
(Father of Our Country)
▪ em08f
(Flag)
▪ d'Qm, :jtGq
(Free)
▪ jfs :jtGqtf
(freedom of speech)
▪ /fi6«klt
(President)
▪ clwsf/
(right)
▪ dflyNnf] ;bgsf ;b:ox¿,
l;g]6/x?
(Senators)
▪ /fHo÷/fHox¿
(state/states)
▪ XjfO6xfp;
(White House)
7fpFx¿ (Places)
▪ cnf:sf
(Alaska)
▪ Soflnkmf]lg{of
(California)
▪ Sofg8f
(Canada)
▪ 8]nfj/
(Delaware)
▪ d]lS;sf]
(Mexico)
▪ Go'of]s{ l;6L
(New York City)
qmdzM
jflzË6g
/fi6«kltsf] lgzfgf 5fk
Go'of]s{ l;6L
▪ ;+o'Qm /fHo
(United States)
▪ jflzË6g
(Washington)
▪ jflzË6g, l8=;L=
(Washington, D.C.)

4. $
@)!%l8;]Da/,jif{^c+s&*
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
lhDd]jf/ lhDd]jf/L
lbgx¿ laTb} hfG5g . ;lhnf
klg x'Fb} uPsf 5g . lj1fgnfO{
wGojfb Û hLjg ;lhnf] dfq
ePsf] 5}g, Ps cy{df
lhDd]jf/ aGg'kg]{ klg ePsf]
5 . cfw'lgstfnfO{ lz/f]wfo{
ug]{n] cfw'lgs o'usf] dflg;sf]
Jojxf/ klg k|bz{g ug{
;Sg'k5{ .
g]kfnL pvfg 5, …b]z–
cg';f/sf] e]ifÚ . e]if t ;lhnf]
5 . lsGof] nufof] . s'/f oltdf
dfq ;Lldt /x]g . e]ifsf]
cy{ oxfF w]/} 5 . e]ifsf] cy{
7fpFcg';f/sf] x'g hfGg' klg
xf] . cfw'lgstfdf /xg /x/
ug]{n] cfw'lgs ;fdfgsf]
lj;h{g ug{ hfGg' klg k5{ .
cfw'lgstf eGgfn] lj1fgsf
pkh jf pks/0f klg
x'g . To:tf ;fdfg rnfpg t
;lsPnf . t/ grNg] ePkl5
jf k'/fgf ePkl5 s] ug]{ <
hfGg h?/L 5 . k'/fgf 6]ln–
lehg, sDKo'6/, lk|G6/, Sofd/f,
df]afOn / oL;Fu ;DalGwt
;fdfgn] /fd|f] labf kfpg .
;asf] enf] o;}df 5 Û
wGojfb
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 46
c+u|]hLdf ;fwf/0f af]nrfn ug{ rflxg] sl/a # xhf/ zAbdWo]af6 5ofnL;f}+ ;"rL -efu $^_
• concern :
gfd– jf:tf, rf;f], vfFrf],
;DaGw, nufp, k|;+u, lrGtf,
lbnr:kL, k/jfx, lkmqmL, ;'tf{,
6]/k'R5/, kl/k|]Io, kL/, ;Dks{,
;/f]sf/, dtna, sf/f]jf/ .
lqmof– jf:tf ug'{, rf;f] lng',
;l/s x'g', ;DalGwt x'g',
;/f]sf/ /fVg', ;+;u{ /fVg',
lbnr:kL /fVg', ;jfn x'g' .
• concert :
gfd– ldnf]dtf], hn;f, d]n,
tfn, ;+uLt, aGbf]a:t, ;Ddlt,
;xsfl/Tj, ;xdlt, ;df/f]x,
;+uLtuf]i7L .
lqmof– ldn]/ sfd ug'{,
;xdltdf sfo{ ug'{, ;Demf}tfdf
;d:of lgK6ofpg', ;dfof]lht
ug'{, qmda4 ug'{, qmd ldnfP/
/fVg', ;f]r]/ of]hgf lgsfNg' .
• conclude :
lqmof– cGt ug{'÷x'g', ;dfKt
ug'{÷x'g', 6'Ëofpg', l;Wofpg',
6'Ëf] nfpg', pk;+xf/ ug'{÷x'g',
lgisif{df k'Ug', kl/0ffd
lgsfNg', lglZrt ug'{,
aGbf]a:t ug{' .
• conclusion :
gfd– 6'Ëf], lgi‍sif{, 7x/, a}7fg,
lg0f{o, kl/0ffd, ;dflKt . qmdzM
lrlsT;sLo zAbx¿
df+zk]zL k|0ffnL
xfd|f] 5fnfsf] txeGbf d'lg
df+;k]zL (muscle) sf tx
x'G5g . oL df+;k]zL tGt'x?sf
;d"xnfO{ 6]G8g (tendon) n]
xf8 (bone) ;Fu hf]85g .
df+;k]zLn] xft / uf]8f, cg'xf/
/ a+uf/f, 3fF6L / lt3|f rnfpg
d2t u5{g . xfdLn] rfx]sf
a]nf rnfpg ;Sg] / rnfpg'
kg]{ df+;k]zLnfO{ OR5fwLg
df+;k]zL (voluntary muscle)
elgG5 .
df+;k]zLx? Ps–cfk;df
ldn]/ sfd u5{g . Pp6f
df+;k]zL v'lDrof] eg] p;sf]
hf]8f df+;k]zL tGsG5 .
pbfx/0fsf nflu, tkfO{+sf
kfv'/f tGsfpg' / v'Drfpg'
kbf{ lålz/o'St df+;k]zL÷
afO;]K; (biceps) / tLg
lz/o'St df+;k]zL÷6«fO;]K;
(triceps) n] ldn]/ sfd
u5{g . kfv'/f v'DrfpFbf
afO;]K; df+;k]zL v'DrG5, /
Tolt g} a]nf 6«fO;]K; df+;k]zL
tGsG5 . clg kfv'/f tGsfpFbf
afO;]K; df+;k]zL tGsG5, /
Tolt g} a]nf 6«fO;]K; df+;k]zL
v'DrG5 .
df+;k]zLx¿ cfsf/–
k|sf/df km/s x'G5g . s'g}
sl7g sfd ug{sf nflu ag]sf
x'G5g eg] s'g} 7"nf tyf ef/L
vfnsf x'G5g . v'§fsf alnof
df+;k]zL bf}8g / pk|mg k|of]u
x'G5g .
c¿ df+;k]zL lgs} ;fgf
x'G5g . uf]nf cfsf/sf
df+;k]zLn] xfd|f cfFvf, d'v tyf
gfsnfO{ 3]/]sf x'G5g . tL
uf]nf df+;k]zLn] xfdLnfO{ cfFvf
lemdlemd kfg{, d'v afpg, tyf
af]Ng d2t u5{g .
csf{y/L df+;k]zLnfO{
cg}lR5s df+;k]zL (involun-
tary muscle) elgG5 . tL
df+;k]zL ;w}+ rln/x]sf x'G5g,
tkfO{+ ;'t]sf a]nf klg .
Ps k|sf/sf] To:tf] df+;k]zL
tkfO{+sf] d'6'df x'G5 . d'6'
lbgdf Ps nfveGbf a9L
k6s 9's9's u5{ . o; ju{sf
c¿ df+;k]zLn] tkfO{+ ;f;
km]g{, vfgfnfO{ kfrg k|0ffnLdf
n}hfg / z/L/df /utsf] k|jfx
u/fpg d2t u5{g .
o; k|0ffnLsf d'Vo efu oL
x'gM
à cg'xf/sf df+;k]zL (face
muscles)
à 3fF6Lsf df+;k]zL (neck
muscles) .
à sfFwsf] df+;k]zL (shoulder
muscle) .
à 5ftLsf df+;k]zL (chest
muscles) .
à lålz/o'St df+;k]zL÷
afO;]K; (biceps) .
à tLg lz/o'St df+;k]zL÷
6«fO;]K; (triceps) .
à k]+6sf df+;k]zL (abdominal
muscles) .
à rf/ lz/o'St df+;k]zL÷
Sjfl8«;]K; (quadriceps) .
à 5]kf/Lsf df+;k]zL (calf
muscles) .
AnushkaKoirala
6fpsfsf] df+;k]zL
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Advisors : Doug Hall, Sattan Acharya, Tara Acharya, Tika Acharya, and Bhagirath Khatiwada
Bhutanese Community of New Hampshire, 510 Chestnut Street, Manchester, NH 03101, Email: aksharica.communication@gmail.com