Air tightness
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Air tightness refers to preventing unintentional air movement through a building. Building regulations now require new dwellings to pass air permeability testing to ensure high standards of energy efficiency. The blower door test is used to measure air tightness by pressurizing the building and measuring air flow rates. Common air leakage paths include windows, doors, attic hatches, pipes and poor sealing around fixtures. Achieving good air tightness reduces energy consumption and improves a home's BER rating.
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Underfloor ventilation can enhance thermal comfort and improve staff performance in office buildings. It allows for more efficient and flexible office space designs. Underfloor air distribution is now widely accepted and provides high indoor air quality. Using underfloor space for air distribution can reduce building heights, lowering construction costs and embodied energy. Studies show underfloor ventilation improves air quality and thermal comfort compared to overhead systems. It offers benefits like energy savings, easy reconfiguration, and optimizing indoor climate conditions to maximize productivity.
confined-space-ventilation información basica
This document discusses ventilation requirements and strategies for confined spaces, with a focus on ventilation during hot work such as welding. It states that confined spaces concentrate hazards and effective ventilation is needed to ensure breathable air. Natural ventilation is often insufficient on its own, so mechanical ventilation using fans or eductors is usually required. Factors that impact ventilation performance and guidelines for proper ventilation system design and use of local exhaust are provided. The key requirements outlined are maintaining adequate airflow and oxygen levels during hot work in confined spaces.
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There are four categories of soil retention systems for deep excavations: open excavation unsupported, open excavation supported, bottom-up excavation, and top-down excavation. The appropriate system depends on site constraints and construction method. Common retaining wall types include sheet piles, king post walls, contiguous bored pile walls, secant pile walls, and diaphragm walls. Each has advantages and disadvantages depending on soil type, required depth, and whether a temporary or permanent wall is needed.
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The document discusses modern methods of construction (MMC) and provides examples such as volumetric construction, panelized construction, and hybrid construction. It outlines drivers for MMC including housing supply and quality issues. Benefits of MMC include quicker construction time, reduced waste, improved quality control, and increased safety. The document also provides a case study comparing a 1996 and 2006 project constructed using different methods. It analyzes the use of precast versus insitu construction.
Advanced Construction Technology Project
The document proposes using modern methods of construction (MMC) to reduce the construction time of the South Cumberland Street development. Specifically, it recommends using precast concrete wall panels, precast floor slabs and stairs, and spray-on plastering for internal walls. Precast walls can be constructed more quickly and with better quality control than traditional insitu concrete walls. Electrical conduits and connections for cladding can be cast into the precast walls in the factory. Similarly, precast floors and stairs can be installed faster than poured concrete components. Using MMC is expected to significantly reduce the overall construction schedule while maintaining quality for the client.
Questions in notes
The document discusses several topics related to construction project budgets and cash flows including:
1) The types of projects a main contractor must account for when forecasting annual turnover, including current, probable, and possible contracts.
2) Why a main contractor needs to forecast turnover, such as to determine staffing levels, cover overhead costs, and arrange financing. Problems include uncertainty around probable and possible contracts.
3) How a main contractor isolates profit on a newly awarded contract by reviewing the original tender, subcontractor costs, materials pricing, and risk assessment.
4) The importance of a cash flow forecast for planning incoming and outgoing payments for both the contractor and client.
5) How interim valu
Questions in notes
A main contractor must forecast turnover for the coming year by considering current, probable, and possible projects. This helps determine staffing needs, overheads, profits, and potential shortfalls. However, forecasting is challenging as only current work is definite, and future work depends on economic conditions and tender outcomes. Calculating accurate cashflows is also important for the contractor and client to plan finances.
Questions in notes
A main contractor must forecast turnover for the coming year by considering current, probable, and possible projects. This helps determine staffing needs, overheads, profits, and cashflow. However, forecasting is challenging as only current work is definite, and future work depends on economic conditions and tender outcomes. Cost value reconciliations compare actual costs to valued work and flag overruns, helping monitor project performance.
Commercial Management Scenarios
The commercial manager is responsible for a new school construction project that is showing a profit of 9% after 4 months, above the agreed 6% profit budget. However, there are three issues that could impact profits: 1) preliminaries costs have exceeded budget, 2) the painting subcontractor went out of business resulting in lower profit margins, and 3) the wrong carpet specification was priced resulting in a 10k loss. The commercial manager wants solutions to present to management to address the issues without appearing problematic.
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DT117/4 Sustainable design and build revision
The document discusses sustainable design and building revisions. It asks the reader to analyze and discuss three renewable technologies, the two forms of embodied energy in buildings, and life cycle analysis in relation to embodied energy. It also prompts the reader to propose and elaborate on a sustainable urban drainage system for a new development, and to sketch the stages of the sustainable planning process. Additionally, it addresses Part L of building regulations, reducing operating costs, achieving higher energy efficiency standards through pre-design, and the information required to determine a dwelling's BER rating.
Green roofs pres
Green roofs are roofs covered with vegetation that provide insulation and environmental benefits. There are three main types - intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive. Intensive green roofs support trees and require regular maintenance, while extensive green roofs use shallow soil and low-maintenance plants. Constructing an extensive green roof involves installing a waterproof membrane, turf hooks, edging boards, and a thin layer of soil and plants.
Green roofs pres
Green roofs are roofs covered with vegetation that provide insulation and environmental benefits. There are three main types - intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive. Intensive green roofs support trees and require regular maintenance, while extensive green roofs use shallow soil and low-maintenance plants. Constructing an extensive green roof involves installing a waterproof membrane, adding a soil layer, and planting grass or other plants.
Water efficiency paul boylan
Water efficiency is important as water resources are under increasing pressure from rising populations and consumption. Some key facts:
- Over the next two decades, available fresh water per person will drop by one third globally.
- By 2025, two thirds of the world's population could face water shortages.
- Individual action like fixing leaks, taking shorter showers, and rainwater harvesting can help conserve water.
- Systems like greywater recycling can also reduce fresh water usage and benefit the environment.
- Urgent water efficiency is needed worldwide to ensure long term, sustainable access to this vital resource.
Water efficiency
The document discusses water usage and efficiency. It notes that 80% of the Earth's surface is water but production of common items like beer and oranges requires significant water. Experts warn that water supply per person will drop by a third and millions may die without access to safe water. Water efficiency means saving resources through technologies and activities. Everyone must work together from individuals to governments to address growing water shortages. Solutions proposed include using low-flow shower heads, fixing leaks, collecting rainwater, and installing greywater recycling systems.
Air tightness
Air tightness refers to preventing unintentional air movement through a building. Building regulations now require new dwellings to pass air permeability testing to ensure high standards of energy efficiency. The blower door test is used to measure air tightness by pressurizing the building and measuring air flow rates. Common air leakage paths include poorly fitted windows/doors, gaps around pipes/vents, and junctions between walls/floors. Improving air tightness reduces energy consumption for heating by preventing warm air from escaping, lowering bills and improving a home's BER rating.
Biomass
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Wood fuel presentation(davido s)
Wood fuel is a renewable and expanding energy source that can replace fossil fuels. It has several benefits, such as being locally sourced and cost effective, reducing carbon emissions, and helping combat climate change. Ireland has good conditions for wood growth and potential wood fuel supply. Wood pellets can be used in homes and commercial buildings through pellet stoves or boilers, and have automatic ignition and low ash levels. Wood fuels are better than fossil fuels as they are more environmentally friendly and cheaper over the long term.
Wood fuel presentation
Wood fuel is a renewable, sustainable, and carbon-neutral source of heat, electricity, and biofuel. It is abundant and accessible but requires proper drying and storage to prevent chimney fires or inefficiency. Wood is considered carbon neutral as the CO2 released during burning is absorbed by new tree growth. Sources of wood fuel include conventional forestry, short rotation forestry using fast-growing trees, and openings left by farmers. Wood accounts for 86% of Ireland's total energy requirement and importing fossil fuels costs billions per year. Common forms of wood fuel include firewood, wood pellets, and wood chips.
Water efficiency
The document discusses various ways to improve water efficiency in homes, offices, factories, and other settings. It provides tips for installing water-saving devices in taps, toilets, urinals, and other fixtures. It also recommends practices for conserving water in food preparation, cleaning, and industrial processes such as capturing wastewater for reuse. The overall message is that small changes can save a significant amount of water through more efficient use and prevention of leaks and waste.
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