The document discusses various types of wood floor systems and concrete floor systems. It explains the advantages of precast concrete over site-cast concrete, such as better quality control and the ability to steam cure. It also defines one-way and two-way concrete floor systems and lists different types of each, including solid slab, joist, flat plate, and waffle slab systems.
Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
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concrete joint filler
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concrete slab control joint detail
types of concrete expansion joints
construction joint concrete
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Definition,
functions,
types of foundations,
foundation loads,
selection criteria for foundations based on soil conditions,
bearing capacity of soil,
methods of testing,
method of improving bearing capacity of soil,
settlement of foundations,
precautions against settlement,
shallow and deep foundations,
different types of foundations – wall footing (strip footing), isolated footing, combined footing, raft foundation, pile foundation etc.
Joints are easy to maintain and are less detrimental than uncontrolled or uneven cracks. Concrete expands & shrinks with variations in moisture and temp. The overall affinity is to shrink and this can cause cracking at an early age. Uneven cracks are unpleasant and difficult to maintain but usually do not affect the integrity of concrete.
pipe expansion joint us bellows us bellows catalogue rubber expansion joint metal expansion joints driveway expansion joint filler flexi craft expansion joints building expansion joint systems
construction joint vs expansion joint construction joint vs control joint sidewalk control joint spacing concrete wall control joints expansion joint concrete construction joint concrete concrete joints control joint
monolithic isolation joints isolation joint material isolation joint vs expansion joint isolation joint neo prene insulating joints pipeline isolation joint vs control joint isolation joints in concrete concrete slab isolation joint
construction joint vs expansion joint construction joint vs control joints idewalk control joint spacing concrete wall control joints expansion joint concrete construction joint concrete concrete joints control joint
concrete joint filler
concrete joint filler strips
control joint vs construction joint concrete
concrete control joint filler
concrete slab control joint detail
types of concrete expansion joints
construction joint concrete
control joints in concrete
COMPONENT PARTS OF A SCAFFOLDING
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
Single scaffolding or Brick layer’s scaffolding.
Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding.
Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
Suspended scaffolding.
Trestle scaffolding.
Steel scaffolding.
Patented scaffolding.
SHORING
Types of Shoring
UNDERPINNING
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
COMPONENT PARTS OF A SCAFFOLDING
TYPES OF SCAFFOLDING
Single scaffolding or Brick layer’s scaffolding.
Double scaffolding or Mason’s scaffolding.
Cantilever or needle scaffolding.
Suspended scaffolding.
Trestle scaffolding.
Steel scaffolding.
Patented scaffolding.
SHORING
Types of Shoring
UNDERPINNING
It is the presentation based on precast concrete construction which includes each and every point and scope which may be useful to civil engineering students
The effect of fiber orientation and laminate stacking sequences on the torsio...eSAT Journals
Abstract The composite materials are well known by their excellent combination of high structural stiffness and low weight. The main feature of these anisotropic materials is their ability to be tailored for specific applications by optimizing design parameters such as stacking sequence, ply orientation and performance targets. Finding free torsional vibrations characteristics of laminated composite beams is one of the bases for designing and modeling of industrial products. With these requirements, this work considers the free torsional vibrations for laminated composite beams of doubly symmetrical cross sections. The torsional vibrations of the laminated beams are analyzed analytically based on the classical lamination theory, and accounts for the coupling of flexural and torsional modes due to fiber orientation of the laminated beams are neglected. Also, the torsional vibrations of the laminated beams analyzed by shear deformation theory in which the shear deformation effects are considered. Numerical analysis has been carried out using finite element method (FEM). The finite element software package ANSYS 10.0 is used to perform the numerical analyses using an eight-node layered shell element to describe the torsional vibration of the laminated beams. Numerical results, obtained by the ANSYS 10.0, classical lamination theory, and shear deformation theory are presented to highlight the effects of fibers orientation and layers stacking sequence on torsional frequencies of the beams. Keywords: Composite materials, Laminated composite beams, Torsional vibrations, Shear deformation, Finite element analysis
Post-tensioning is simply a method of producing prestressed concrete, masonry, and other structural elements. Post-tensioning is a form of prestressing. Prestressing simply means that the steel is stressed (pulled or tensioned) before the concrete has to support the service loads. Most precast, prestressed concrete is actually pre-tensioned-the steel is pulled before the concrete is poured. Post-tensioned concrete means that the concrete is poured and then the tension is applied-but it is still stressed before the loads are applied so it is still prestressed.
PRECAST CONCRETE - introduction, applications, advantages, disadvantages, uses, construction and joinery details, precast components, examples of buildings using precast components and more information.
In post-tension, the concrete units are first cast by incorporating ducts or grooves to house the tendons .when the concrete attains sufficient strength, the high-tensile wires are tensioned by means of jack bearing on the end face of the member and anchored by wedges or nuts.
A truss is an assembly of members such as beams, connected by nodes, that creates a rigid structure. In engineering, a truss is a structure that "consists of two-force members only, where the members are organized so that the assemblage as a whole behaves as a single object"
Regarding basics of prestressed such as inventor, types of prestressing systems, methods of prestressing, types of grouting, types of cables used for prestressed structure and method of construction etc..
Composite construction or Composite Structure/FrameAbdul Rahman
Composite structure of steel and concrete has been explained under this ppt with examples, type of structural members, advantages and comparison with other structures like R.C.C structure and Steel structures.
Definition Where this system can be used
Features of the Grid Slab
Decorative grid slabs in historical structures
Types of Grid Slab
Comparison: Long Span Structures
Construction
Technique
Formwork Required
Reinforcements Details
Modification in Grid Slab for Utility
Services Provided in Grid Slab
Benefits
Iconic Landmarks using Grid Slabs
Steel fibers vs steel mesh in concrete reinforcementBekaert
Want to know all the benefits of steel fiber concrete reinforcement, as compared to traditional steel mesh concrete reinforcement? This presentation offers a full overview of its unique characteristics.
Tall Structures
Usually structure or building having height more than 80m is considered as a tall structure.
Generally tall structure may be defined as one that because of its height it is affected by lateral.
Classification: 1. Multi storeyedresidential building.
2. Multi storeyedcommercial building.
3. Tall chimneys.
4. Transmission Towers
5. Cooling towers
Prestressed Concrete
•Prestressis defined as a method of applying pre-compression to control the stresses resulting due to external loads below the neutral axis of the beam tension developed due to external load which is more than the permissible limits of the plain concrete.
Demolition
•The action or process of destroying(demolishing)the building or other structures.
•In congested area, in particular, the quality of demolition technique becomes an essential element which determines the success of revitalization of city.
•In addition to efficiency in demolition, strategies must be adopted to avoid noise, vibration and dust which affect the surrounding environment and there must be efficient disposal of waste products
Atecon products focus on solving the dilemma on how to guarantee the proper cover or distancing between the metallic structure (rebar) and the terrain or formwork.
In any type of of construction site our Accessories will help you achieve better efficiencies, security and productivity
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
2. List wood floor systems
Explain the advantages and disadvantages
of specifying precast over site-cast
concrete.
Explain why precast concrete structural
elements are usually cured with steam.
Explain the difference between a one-way
and two-way concrete floor system.
List and explain the different types of one-
way concrete floor systems.
List and explain the different types of two-
way concrete floor systems.
3. 1”x12” T&G sheet floor decking
Laminated 2”x4”’s or 2”x6”’s on edge at right angles to
the floor beams
Spiked together side by side
4. Can be wood beam or steel beam with wood
nailer on top
Heavy planks, tongue and groove, spiked to
the beams
5. Slabs on grade
› Durability depends on concrete strength
and finish
› Strength of slab depends on reinforcing and
supporting subgrade
Structural slabs
› Span between columns and beams
› Strength depends on concrete strength and
the amount of reinforcing steel
6. Able to control the quality of materials and workmanship
better than onsite (able to build in the rain, sleet, or snow).
Able to vibrate the concrete mechanically to achieve
maximum density and highest surface quality.
Able to reuse formwork more than onsite, thus reducing
formwork cost per unit.
Able to steam cure, thus accelerating curing with the
steam’s heat and adding moisture for full hydration.
Steam curing, coupled with the use of Type III cement
enables the plant to produce a fully cured structural element
in 24 hours.
7. Although light compared to other building
elements, precast structural elements are
heavy to transport over the roads and hoist
into place.
This also restricts the size and proportions of
most precast elements (they can be long,
but they can only be as wide as the
maximum legal vehicle width of 12 to 14
feet.
8. One-Way
Beams run in one direction, parallel to
one another, between perpendicular
girders that transfer the load to columns.
Two-Way
Beams run in two directions, parallel and
perpendicular to one another.
9. The One-Way Solid Slab System
Beams and girders are poured the same
time as the slab.
Economical when the slab does not
span very far between beams.
Slab depths are usually 4-10 inches.
Uneconomical on spans of more than
20’
10.
11.
12. The One-Way Concrete Joist System
Longer one-way spans than solid slab systems.
Joists are formed with metal pans supported on
longitudinal strips of wood or on a plywood deck.
Distribution ribs are placed at mid-span to distribute
concentrated loads to more than one joist.
When fire-resistance requirements of the building
code dictate a slab thickness of 4.5 inches or more,
the slab is capable of spanning a much greater
distance. This enables wide-module pans that
separate the joists by 4-6 feet.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18. Beams run in two directions, parallel and
perpendicular to one another.
“Generally, two way floor systems are
more economical than one-way systems
in buildings where columns can be
spaced in bays that are square or nearly
square in proportion”.
19. The Two-Way Solid Flat Slab System
A system in which the slab is supported by a grid of beams
running in both directions over the columns.
Used for very heavily loaded industrial floors.
Slab depth = 4 to 12 inches
Maximum span = 34 feet
Most two-way floor systems are made without beams.
Instead, “the slab is reinforced in such a way that the varying
stresses in the different zones of the slab are accommodated
within a uniform thickness of concrete”.
20. The Two-Way Solid Flat Slab System (cont.)
Formwork is completely flat except for a thickening of the
concrete to resist the high shear forces around the top of
each column (drop panel). Historically the columns under
the drop panels also had mushroom capitals.
“Reinforcing is laid in both directions in half-bay-wide strips of
two fundamental types: column strips are designed to carry
the higher bending forces encountered in the zones of the
slab that cross the columns, and the middle strips have a
lighter reinforcing pattern”.
21.
22.
23.
24. The Two-Way Flat Plate System
“In more lightly loaded buildings, such as
hotels, hospitals, dormitories, and
apartment buildings, the slab need not be
thickened at all over the columns.”
“This allows some columns to be moved off
of the grid to facilitate a more efficient floor
plan (Allen, p. 483).
Slab depth = 5-10 inches.
Maximum span = 32 feet
25.
26. The Two-Way Waffle Slab System
A.k.a. The two-way concrete joist system
Metal or plastic pans called domes are used to
eliminate the nonworking concrete from the slab,
allowing a greater economy in longer spans.
Domes now have a special fitting that allows one
to shoot compressed air between it and the
concrete to remove the dome.
Standard Domes form joists 6” wide on 36” centers
or 5” wide on 24” centers.
Solid concrete heads are created around the tops
of the columns by leaving the domes out of the
formwork. These serve the same function as the
drop panels in the two-way flat slab system.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Introduction to Composite ConstructionIntroduction to Composite Construction
• Composite construction refers to two load-carrying structural members that
are integrally connected and deflect as a single unit
• An example of this is composite metal deck with concrete fill, steel filler
beams, and girders made composite by using headed stud connectors
Composite
Steel Deck
Shear
Connectors
Welded Wire
Fabric
Concrete
32. • A steel beam which is made composite by using shear connectors,
composite metal decking and concrete is much stronger and stiffer than the
base beam alone
• Composite floor systems are considered by many to be the highest quality
type of construction
• This has become a standard type of construction selected by many
architects, engineers, and developers
Introduction to Composite ConstructionIntroduction to Composite Construction
33. Advantages of Composite ConstructionAdvantages of Composite Construction
In a composite floor system the concrete acts together with the steel to create
a stiffer, lighter, less expensive structure
34. Advantages of Composite ConstructionAdvantages of Composite Construction
Connecting the concrete to the steel beams can have several advantages:
• It is typical to have a reduced
structural steel frame cost
• Weight of the structural steel
frame may be decreased which
may reduce foundation costs
• Reduced live load deflections
• Shallower beams may be used
which might reduce building height
• Increased span lengths are
possible
• Stiffer floors
35. • Puddle welds (above right) are commonly used to attach the decking to
the structural steel below
• Daily output for a four person decking crew ranges from 2700 S.F. to
3860 S.F. per day depending on the depth and gauge of the decking.
Installation of DeckingInstallation of Decking
36. • As an alternative to welding, powder actuated tools
may be used to attach metal decking to structural steel
• Powder actuated tools use the expanding gases from
a powder load, or booster, to drive a fastener
• A nail-like fastener is driven through the metal deck
into the steel beam
• The powder actuated tool, powder load, and fastener
must be matched to the thickness of the structural
steel beam flanges
Installation of DeckingInstallation of Decking
37. • Shear connectors are commonly referred to as
“studs” or “shear studs” in the trade
• They are available in a range of sizes, materials,
and grades
• Headed studs (as shown) are most commonly
used
• Other, less common options for shear connectors
include hooked studs or pieces of C-channel
Shear ConnectorsShear Connectors
38. • Depending on the welding process used, the tip of
the shear connector may be placed in a ceramic
ferrule (arc shield) during welding to retain the weld
• Shear connectors create a strong bond between the
steel beam and the concrete floor slab which is
poured on top of the metal decking
• This bond allows the concrete slab to work with the
steel beams to reduce live load deflection
Shear ConnectorsShear Connectors
39. • Shear connectors are installed after the decking is in place
• Shear connectors may be installed by the steel erection contractor or a
specialty shear connector installer
• The welding equipment required for installation is provided by the shear
connector installer
• Daily output for shear connector installation averages about 1000 per day
depending on the size of the connectors.
Installation of Shear ConnectorsInstallation of Shear Connectors
40. • Concrete is installed by a concrete contractor on top of the composite metal
decking, shear connectors, and welded wire fabric or rebar grid (crack control
reinforcing)
• Pumping is a typical installation method for concrete being placed on metal
decking
• 10,000 to 15,000 sq. ft. of concrete slab may be installed per day depending
on slab thickness and crew size.
Installation of ConcreteInstallation of Concrete
41. • There is an art to the placement of concrete on metal deck and structural steel
• The work, unless shoring is used, must be executed on a deflecting surface
• An experienced concrete contractor should be employed for this work
Concrete should be deposited over supporting members first, then spread
toward the deck midspans
The accumulation of a deep pile of concrete must be avoided
Installation of ConcreteInstallation of Concrete
42. • The contractor must be aware of camber in the beams and the expected
deflections
• Consultation with the structural engineer may be necessary
• As the concrete cures it forms a connection with the composite metal
decking and shear studs
• The composite floor system is now complete
Installation of ConcreteInstallation of Concrete