This ppt document introduces the rules of agreement between Subject and Verb, Noun and Determiner, and Noun-Pronoun. It also provides some quiz for Ss to practice.

1. UNIT 7: AGREEMENT
1. SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
2. ADJECTIVE/DETERMINER – NOUN AGREEMENT
3. NOUN – PRONOUN AGREEMENT

2. SUBJECT
Various structures may be used as subjects;
1.Noun: Prices are rising at their fastest pace in six years.
2.Pronoun: They can be used everywhere.
3. Gerund: Swimming is good exercise.
4. Infinitive: To be able to speak English is very
important.

3. SUBJECT
4. Clause:
 Wh – structure: What they found surprised me.
 Yes/no structure: Whether it rains or not doesn’t matter.
 The fact that structure: (The fact) that the contract was
signed was a relief.

4. VERBS
Verbs usually come after subjects in a sentence.
In the present tense:
Singular verb: basic form of a verb + -s/-es
Plural verb: a bare infinitive form of verb
Basic form Singular form Plural form
visit visits visit
watch watches watch

5. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Look at the following sentences. Pay attention to the number
of the verb and the subject of those sentences.
1.A poet explores the beauty of the world.
2.Poets explore the beauty of the world.
3.The theme touches readers.
4.Those themes touch readers.
5.The singer has performed this song before.
6.These singers have performed this song before.

6. SUBJECT – VERB AGREEMENT
 The subject and the verb of a sentence must agree in number
A singular subject needs the singular form of the verb.
A plural subject needs the plural form of the verb.

7. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Singular subjects include:
Singular count noun: a client, a manager, an employee
Noun-count noun: information, equipment, furniture
Some nouns ending in –s but they are in the singular form:
 Subject: economics, statistics, mathematics, ….
Proper noun: World Satellite Atlas, the United States,…
 Diseases: measles, mumps,…….
Other: news,

8. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
 A gerund, an infinitive or a noun clause as the subject
of a sentence always goes with a singular verb.
Reading a book makes me want to fall asleep.
What I remember about her is a willingness to negotiate.
To be able to negotiate is essential for salespeople.

9. SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
Modifiers between subjects and verbs do not affect the S-
V agreement in number.
In addition to, as well as, along with, together with,……
 Services at this hotel include airport pick-up.
 The statement drawn up by Werner Accountants provides
a benchmark for evaluation
 The manager, along with his partners, thinks that it is a
good idea.

10. EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
Singular verbs are used with singular expressions of
quantity, and plural verbs are used with plural
expressions of quantity.
 One of the trainees has scored perfect on the
company procedures test.
 Many schools have football teams.

11. SINGULAR EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY
 One/each + singular noun: One book
 One/each of the + plural noun: One of the books
 Every + singular noun: Every book
 The number of + plural noun: the number of books
 An /the amount of + non-count noun
 Much/ (a) little + non-count noun

12.  Somebody, someone, something, anybody, anyone,
anything
 Everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one,
nothing
 Time expressions, money expressions,
measurements
Two weeks is enough for us to finish this project.
3,000 dollars is all that I have.
SINGULAR EXPRESSION OF QUANTITY

13. PLURAL EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
 many/several/ few/both (+ of the) + plural noun
A number of + plural noun
A couple/ a variety of + plural noun
When many, several, both,… are used as pronouns
and come in the position of a subject, they take
plural verbs.
 Many predict rates will be rising soon.

14. EXPRESSIONS OF QUANTITY
 For subjects with expressions of quantity indicating a
part or the whole, theirs verbs agree in number with
the nouns after “of the”
 All, most, a lot/lots of
 Some, half, quarter, 80%
 Part, the rest, the bulk
Half of the annual profit goes to paying taxes.
Half of the employees at Circle K go to work by bus.
Of the
N(sing.) + V(sing.)
N (pl.) + V (pl.)

15. CONJUNCTIONS
1. (Both) S1 and S2 + V (plural)
The president and the director are working on the plan.
2. Either A or B
3. Neither A nor B
4. Not A but B
5. Not only A but also B
Either the president or the directors are working on the plan.
V (agree with B)

16. CONJUNCTIONS
 Both + N(plural) + V (plural)
Both satellites were launched in the 1990s.
 Neither/ Either + N (singular) + V(singular).
I don’t mind where to go. Either restaurant is fine.

17. SVA IN RELATIVE CLAUSES
 Singular antecedent + who/which/that + singular verb
 Plural antecedent + who/which/that + plural verb
We have hired an associate who has experience in international
sales.
We would like to employ associates who have experience in
international sales.

18. ADJECTIVE/DETERMINER – NOUN AGREEMENT
1. This/ that + N (singular) – these/those + N (plural) : this book, these book
2. A/An/One + N (singular): A book, an opinion
3. Another + N (singular): another option
4. All/ many/some/(a)few/ any/ a lot of/ lots of/ several/ most + N (countable plural):
All the books, some books/….
5. Each/ Every + N (singular): each book, every book
Note: Every / Another + 2/3 + N (plural: time, distance)
Every two hours
Another two hours

19. NOUN – PRONOUN AGREEMENT
 Nouns and pronouns/ possessive adjectives must agree in number.
singular Plural
Personal
pronouns
I/me, you/you, he/him,
she/her, it/it
We/us, you/you,
they/the,
Possessive adj My, your, his, her, its Our, your. Their
Reflexive
pronouns
Myself, yourself, himself.
Herself, itself
Ourselves, yourselves,
themselves
Demonstrative
pronouns
This, that These, those

20. NOUN-PRONOUN AGREEMENT
 Businesses should consider the social implications of their
activities.
 Mr. Park and the other employees tried to finish it by
themselves.
 A grandparent’s job is easier than that of a parent.
 Mr. John enjoyed the work so much that he changed his
career.

21. PRACTICE
1. All --------- for long-distance phone calls made from the
office are the employees’ responsibility.
A. charge
B. charging
C. to charge
D. charges

22. PRACTICE
2. Files that -------- in the main facility are being removed in
an effort to computerize all records and data.
A. were stored
B. have stored
C. was stored
D. stores

23. PRACTICE
3. Each year, we send representatives from our firm to job
fairs that -------- at college campuses throughout the
country.
A. Held
B. Are held
C. Are holding
D. Was held

24. PRACTICE
4. The number of users who -------- support has increased
since the company released the latest version of its
software.
A. Require
B. Requires
C. Is required
D. Are required

25. PRACTICE
5. Mr. Burns and the secretary of our Arlington branch ------
-- to the weekend gathering.
A. Is coming
B. Are coming
C. Comes
D. Has come

26. PRACTICE
6. The chef’s assistant and I -------- a special menu for this
evening’s wine tasting event, which will be attended by
some top sommeliers.
A. Am preparing
B. Prepares
C. Are preparing
D. Has prepared

27. PRACTICE
7. The federal government, along with the cooperation of
leading industrial companies, -------- to create more jobs
for skilled workers.
A. Is pushing
B. Are pushing
C. Pushing
D. Have been pushed

28. PRACTICE
8. A variety of colors --------- to be used in the painting,
but we will not know which ones until it is cleaned.
A. appear
B. appears
C. is appeared
D. are appeared

29. PRACTICE
9. Every employee ------- to consider what his or her
prospects are for career advancement and personal
growth, and HRD will provide counseling service to assist
them.
A. have needed
B. needs
C. needing
D. to need

30. PRACTICE
10. All of the consultants’ suggestions about the company’s
position regarding the upcoming merger ------- into
consideration by the CEO.
A. Is taking
B. Was taken
C. Will take
D. Have been taken