This document explains defining and non-defining relative clauses and their use in sentences. It details the relative pronouns applicable for each type, giving examples to illustrate how they integrate essential or non-essential information into sentences. The document also includes exercises for completing sentences with appropriate relative pronouns.

1. RELATIVE CLAUSES

2. DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE We use defining relative clauses to add essential information to a sentence. The clause goes immediately after the noun it describes. “ This is the man who s old me the car.”

3. We use relative pronouns : who , that – for people which , that – for objects where – for places whose – to talk about possession when , that – for a time why , that – for a reason whom – for object pronouns (people)

4. He is the man who / that owns this car. This is the house where I was born. The girl whose party I went to phoned me.

5. We can leave out who , which , that , whose , when the clause is the object of a sentence. “ The doctor I spoke to told me not to worry.” “ The man I saw was very rude.” “ Mr Smith is the teacher my son likes best.”

6. We can’t leave out the relative pronoun in a defining relative clause that refers to the subject . “ The doctor who treated me told me not to worry.” “ That’s the dog that attacked my children”

7. In defining relative clauses why and when , unlike where can be omitted I'd like to know the reason (why) he decided not to come BUT! She always had wanted to go to a place where she could speak her native tongue

8. NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSE We use non-defining relative clauses to add non-essential information to a sentence. The clause goes immediately after the noun it describes. If we removed the relative clause, the sentence would still make sense of its own. “ Pedro, who is my brother , lives in Astillero.”

9. We use commas to separate a no-defining clause from the rest of the sentence.

10. We use relative pronouns : who – for people which – for things where – for places when – for time whose – for possession “ Santander, where I live , is a beautiful city.” “ My father, who is sixty four , is going to retire soon.”

11. We can’t leave out the relative pronoun in non-defining relative clauses. “ John, who is English , helped me write the essay.”

12. Complete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun if necessary . Is that the book _________ you read last month? Is this the film _________ won three Oscars? This is the shop ________ they sell Mexican food. Last summer I met a girl _________ father is a famous lawyer. An engineer is a person ________ plans, makes or repairs things like machines, roads or bridges. My neighbour works for a company _______ builds roads. This is the town _________ my mother grew up.

13. Complete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun if necessary . A tin opener is a thing ____ you open things with. Palencia is the city _______ my mother was born. This the company ________ my brother works for. The stage on ________ the new play was performed was very small. I didn’t enjoy the film ________ we saw last night. The sofa on _______ we were sitting collapsed. An air hostess is woman ________ job is to look after people on a plane. Here is the book _____ you have been looking for.